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1、類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于簡用于簡單句中單句中hope，expect，think，mean，plan，want，intend，suppose等動詞的等動詞的“過去完成時過去完成時”或或它們的它們的“過去時不定式的過去時不定式的完成時完成時”表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或用途的希望、打算或用途We hoped to have stayed there a week. We had hoped to stay there a week.“if only陳述句陳述句”表示現(xiàn)在的表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用過去時；表示過去的愿愿望用過去時；表示過去的愿望用過去完成時；表示將來

2、的望用過去完成時；表示將來的愿望用愿望用would/could doIf only I were a bird！If only we had listened to their advice.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于狀語用于狀語從句中從句中與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反If主語動詞過去式主語動詞過去式(be的的形式一律用形式一律用were)；主句主；主句主語語should/would/could/might動詞原形動詞原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.與過去事實相反與過去事實相反If主語主語had過去分詞，過去分詞，

3、主句主語主句主語should/would/could/might have過去分詞過去分詞If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于狀語用于狀語從句中從句中與將來事實相反與將來事實相反If主語動詞過去式主語動詞過去式/should動詞原形動詞原形/were to動詞原形，主句主語動詞原形，主句主語would/should/could/might動詞原形動詞原形If he were here this evening，we would play car

4、ds. If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. If she should know it，she would tell me.as if/though引導的方式狀語引導的方式狀語從句及從句及even if/though引導的引導的讓步狀語從句中：讓步狀語從句中：過去時過去時表現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)在過去進行時過去進行時表現(xiàn)在進行表現(xiàn)在進行過去完成時過去完成時表過去表過去could/might/would動詞原動詞原形形表將來表將來He talks as if he knew all about it. Even if he were here，he co

5、uldnt solve the problem.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于定用于定語從句語從句中中用于賓用于賓語從句語從句中中在在It is(high)time(that).句型句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞用過中，定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式或去式或should動詞原形。動詞原形。(其其中中should不可省略不可省略)此句型意為此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)該該”，用來表示建，用來表示建議議It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.wish賓語從句的虛擬語氣有賓語從句的虛擬語氣有三種表達方法：三種表達方法：過去時過去時表現(xiàn)

6、在表現(xiàn)在過去完成時過去完成時表過去表過去could/would/might動詞原形動詞原形表將來表將來I wish she were here. I wish you had come to the lecture. I wish I could fly to the moon some day.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于賓語用于賓語從句中從句中用于表示要求，命令，建用于表示要求，命令，建議，意圖，決定，推薦等意議，意圖，決定，推薦等意義的動詞，如義的動詞，如order，require，demand，suggest，advise，propose，command，reque

7、st，insist，recommend等后接賓語從句等后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞為時，從句謂語動詞為(should)動詞原形動詞原形The teacher ordered that all of the students be here on time. He insisted that we(should) attend the meeting.would rather(would sooner)后的賓語從句，謂語用一般后的賓語從句，謂語用一般過去時表現(xiàn)在或將來要做的過去時表現(xiàn)在或將來要做的事。如談到過去的動作，則事。如談到過去的動作，則用過去完成時用過去完成時Id rather you

8、paid the money yourself. Id rather you hadnt done that.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于主語用于主語從句中從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/possible/best/better/ strange/natural/essential/a pitythat從句，從句中從句，從句中的謂語動詞用的謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形動詞原形”It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till

9、next week. It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.用于表語用于表語從句和同從句和同位語從句位語從句中中在在suggestion，proposal，order，request，advice等等名詞后的表語從句和同位名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構成是其構成是“(should)動詞動詞原形原形”My suggestion is that you(should)visit China. We all agreed to his suggestion t

10、hat we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例用于表語用于表語從句和同從句和同位語從句位語從句中中as if/though引導的表語從句引導的表語從句過去時過去時表現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)在過去進行時過去進行時表現(xiàn)在進行表現(xiàn)在進行過去完成時過去完成時表過去表過去could/might/would動詞原動詞原形形表將來表將來It looks as if he were 10 years younger today. It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week. It looks a

11、s if he could live for another century.特別提醒特別提醒條件句中有條件句中有were，had，should時，若省略時，若省略if，則需把，則需把were，had，should放在主語前，構成放在主語前，構成倒裝結構。如果省略的條件句倒裝結構。如果省略的條件句的謂語動詞是否定形式，不能的謂語動詞是否定形式，不能用動詞的縮略形式用動詞的縮略形式Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.() Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.()類型類型構成

12、或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例特別特別提醒提醒虛擬條件句和主句動作若發(fā)虛擬條件句和主句動作若發(fā)生的時間不一致，主句和從生的時間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當?shù)奶摂M語不同時間選用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種句子叫作錯綜氣形式，這種句子叫作錯綜時間條件句時間條件句If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the film last night.(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去) If they had left home in early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.(過去過去將

13、來將來)特別特別提醒提醒有時虛擬條件不用從句，而有時虛擬條件不用從句，而是通過上下文或用介詞短語是通過上下文或用介詞短語等表示出來，這種句子叫含等表示出來，這種句子叫含蓄虛擬條件句。常用的介詞蓄虛擬條件句。常用的介詞有有with，without，but for，otherwise等等But for your help，we couldnt have succeeded. Without electricity life would be quite different today. I was ill that day，otherwise，I would have taken part in

14、the sports meet. A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.類型類型構成或用法構成或用法典句示例典句示例特別特別提醒提醒當當suggest作作“暗示，表暗示，表明明”，insist作作“堅持認堅持認為為”表示意見、看法解表示意見、看法解時，從句要用陳述語氣時，從句要用陳述語氣Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.as if/though既可引導方式既可引導方式狀語從句，又可引導表語狀語從句，又可引導表語從句，有時用陳述語氣；從句，有時用陳述語氣；有時則用虛擬語氣有時則用虛擬語氣It looks as if its going to rain.(陳述語氣陳述語氣) He speaks English as if he were from Britain.(虛擬虛擬語氣語氣) He looks as if a ghost were running after him now.(虛擬語氣虛擬語氣)