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1、現(xiàn)在完成時怎樣使用呢？現(xiàn)在完成時怎樣使用呢？請看一下情景請看一下情景1.A man sitting next to you on a flight seems very nervous but feels very excited. You can ask: Have you ever taken a flight before?(take a flight)John goes out. Five minutes later, the phone ringand the caller says “Can I speak to John?” You say: “I am afraid he ha

2、s just gone out.(go out)You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! _.(not/finish) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。造成的影響或結果。(漢語中常用漢語中常用“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”、“過過”、“了了”等表達）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞等表達）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時

3、間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語連用。我等狀語連用。我們用一幅圖來表達會更容易理們用一幅圖來表達會更容易理例如：例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my math book. 助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的

4、過去分詞動詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有人稱。人稱。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化與過去式相同，規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化與過去式相同，不規(guī)則變化則須單獨記憶。不規(guī)則變化則須單獨記憶。2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去的也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時間狀語連用。動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時間狀語連用。 如如for、since 等引等引導的時間狀語。（導的時間狀語。（注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）一段時間的表達方法有兩種一

5、段時間的表達方法有兩種:for: +一段時間一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three years 過去的某一時刻過去的某一時刻, since nine since last week 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引導的時間狀語都表示一段時間所引導的時間狀語都表示一段時間.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.對劃線部分提問都用對劃線部分提問都

6、用How longSince have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地曾經(jīng)到過某地”，說話時此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側重指經(jīng)歷。說話時此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地已經(jīng)去某地了了”，說話時此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正，說話時此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。他已經(jīng)去北京了。 （人已走，不

7、在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)去的事情，強調(diào)動作動作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關系。而現(xiàn)在完成，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關系。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調(diào)的是強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的情況情況。 2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：一般過去時的時間狀語有：yester

8、day, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具體等具體的時間狀語。的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語有：共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不確定的時間狀語。等不確定的時間狀語。 I saw this film yesterday. （只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）

9、I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已從巴黎回來了。）（她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來的。）（她是昨天回來的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)

10、 注意：注意：句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如： （錯）（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如可說示一段時間的狀語連用。如可說“He has

11、left.”但但不能說不能說“He has left for three years.” 如果要表達如果要表達“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達法：可用以下幾種表達法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般過去時。使用一般過去時。 He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is +一段時間一段時間since 一般過去時從句一般過去時從句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“ 一段時間一段時間have/ has passed + since + 一一般過去時從句般過去時從句”Three years h

12、ave passed since he left here.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。 另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞形容詞或副詞名詞形容詞或副詞介詞短語等。介詞短語等。1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+

13、名詞名詞 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school join the army.我們買這本書三年了我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for

14、three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構成同義句一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構成同義句be in schoolbe in the army自從上星期以來自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書我就借了這本書. I have kept the book since last week.我成為一個學生兩年多了我成為一個學生兩年多了. I have been a st

15、udent for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明參軍半年了。小明參軍半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我們上了我們上了8年學了。年學了。W

16、e have been students for eight years.下課下課10分鐘了分鐘了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.電影開始了一小時了電影開始了一小時了 The film has been on for an hour.一看時間狀語一看時間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果有，則只能用一的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果有，則只能用一般過去時。如：般過去時。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year

17、.二看句首有無疑問詞。二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時；但；但進一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做進一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時（句首有疑問詞）就要用那事時（句首有疑問詞）就要用一般過去時一般過去時。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或。如果表示的動作或

18、狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，則用一般過去時。如：完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，則用一般過去時。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意： 這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如：具體情況具體分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did y

19、ou learn them by heart?( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you( ) 2. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has liv

20、ed C. lives D. is going to live( )4. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBD( )5. Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone( )6. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to C

21、anada a few years agoA. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go( )7. You havent changed your mind,_?A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you( )8. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A. played B. been at C. joined D been on AACD( )9. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to K

22、unming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone( )10. How long have you _ this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent( )11. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night.A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has heBCDD