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1、UNIT 3 UNDERSTANDING EACH OTHERUnits 2-3 詞匯、重點(diǎn)句復(fù)習(xí)：背誦童謠向.朗誦詩(shī)歌鉆石的各個(gè)側(cè)面詩(shī)人表達(dá)的感情節(jié)奏模式針線(xiàn)把別墅轉(zhuǎn)變成美術(shù)館recite nursery rhymesrecite poems to sbeach aspect of the diamond the emotions conveyed the rhythmic pattern thread and needletransform the cottage into an art galleryby the poet傳統(tǒng)的翻譯模式令我極為悲傷的是大量的圓規(guī)一大群麻雀traditio

2、nal translation patternsto ones great sorrowloads of compassesa large crowd of sparrows年輕人們總是很關(guān)注環(huán)境問(wèn)題。年輕人們總是很關(guān)注環(huán)境問(wèn)題。Adolescents are always concerned with environmental issues.concern vt.1.關(guān)于；對(duì)關(guān)于；對(duì)有關(guān)系有關(guān)系A(chǔ)ttend to what concerns you. 注意與你有關(guān)的事物。注意與你有關(guān)的事物。This concerns us deeply. 這事對(duì)我們關(guān)系極大。這事對(duì)我們關(guān)系極大。This

3、concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.這事對(duì)孩子們的健康成長(zhǎng)關(guān)系極大。這事對(duì)孩子們的健康成長(zhǎng)關(guān)系極大。2.擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂(yōu)；掛念擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂(yōu)；掛念Were rather concerned about fathers health. 我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。3.常與常與with, about, in連用）關(guān)心；關(guān)照連用）關(guān)心；關(guān)照to concern oneself with public work 關(guān)心公眾事務(wù)關(guān)心公眾事務(wù)Were rather concerned about fathers health. 我們

4、相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。n.1.有利害關(guān)系；所關(guān)切的事有利害關(guān)系；所關(guān)切的事Its no concern of mine. 這事與我無(wú)關(guān)。這事與我無(wú)關(guān)。The managing directors only concern was how to improve the quality of their products. 總經(jīng)理心里想的全是如何提高產(chǎn)總經(jīng)理心里想的全是如何提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。品質(zhì)量。2.關(guān)心；關(guān)懷；關(guān)照關(guān)心；關(guān)懷；關(guān)照a nurses concern for a sick man 護(hù)士對(duì)病人的關(guān)心護(hù)士對(duì)病人的關(guān)心3.擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂(yōu)擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂(yōu)She showed gre

5、at concern about you. 她很為你擔(dān)心。她很為你擔(dān)心。煙酒和毒品都能使人自動(dòng)上癮。Cigarettes, alcohol and drugs can all make people automatically addicted to drugs 你的判斷必須建立在你對(duì)基本事實(shí)的理解力基礎(chǔ)上。這些癮君子們冒著感染艾滋病的危險(xiǎn)給自己注射毒品。These addicts are injecting drugs into their bodies at the risk of getting infected with AIDS.Your judgment must be based

6、 on your comprehension of some basic facts. 沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示蚊子會(huì)傳播艾滋病。There is no evidence that mosquitoes can spread HIV.覆水難收。It is no use crying over split milk.他在伸手拿最后一包煙。He is reaching for the last packet of cigarettes.工人們把當(dāng)代藝術(shù)品都裝上了船要運(yùn)往國(guó)外去。The workers loaded the ship with the contemporary arts to send them

7、 abroad. 研究一下近年來(lái)的高考試卷研究一下近年來(lái)的高考試卷可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，含可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，含 it 的句型幾乎年年的句型幾乎年年考到?？梢?jiàn)考到?？梢?jiàn) it 句型的重要性和使句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。現(xiàn)根據(jù)其用法特點(diǎn)用的普遍性?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)其用法特點(diǎn)可歸納為下列幾個(gè)句型?？蓺w納為下列幾個(gè)句型。 1. 1. It is + It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + + that .that . 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that that 之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)，賓

8、語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，語(yǔ)如果是人，that that 可以由可以由 who who 換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子。這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子。這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. and an ho

9、ur hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. 2. It is not until + It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + + that .that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

10、主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ) “直直到到才才”，可以說(shuō)是，可以說(shuō)是 not . until . not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 He didnt find he had his wallet stolen until he got off the bus. Not until he got off the bus did he find he had his wallet stolen. It was not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet

11、 stolen. Was it not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen? When was it that he found he had his wallet stolen? 3. 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certainIt is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that ) that 該句型中該句型中it it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是 that that 引導(dǎo)

12、的主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為常譯為 “ 清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）”是主語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)是主語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. 4. It is

13、 important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .that . that that 后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + should + 動(dòng)詞原形），動(dòng)詞原形），should should 可省去?？墒∪?。建議記住該句型中的形容詞建議記住該句型中的形容詞。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is important t

14、hat we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. 5. It is said (reported, learnedIt is said (reported, learned) that ) that 該句型中的該句型中的it it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是 that that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為句。該結(jié)構(gòu)

15、常譯為“ 據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another man-made satellite has been It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbitput into orbit7. 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .It is a pity (

16、 a shame . ) that . 1 1。該句型中，。該句型中，that that 后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + should + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形），原形），should should 可省去可省去, ,表示出乎意料，常譯為表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然竟然”。 2 2。注意：沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。注意：沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) h

17、appen in your class.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！他生病了，真遺憾！ 6. 6. It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that .It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that . 主句表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，主句表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that that 從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should +

18、 should + 動(dòng)詞原形），動(dòng)詞原形），should should 可以省。可以省。 “ 據(jù)建議；有命據(jù)建議；有命令）令）”。 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we arrive there in two hours. It was ordered that we arrive there in two hours. 8. 8. It is time ( abo

19、ut time , high time ) that .It is time ( about time , high time ) that . 該句型中該句型中that that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 常用常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示表示虛擬虛擬 有時(shí)也用有時(shí)也用should + should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形，should should 不能省。常譯為不能省。常譯為“是（正是）是（正是）的時(shí)侯的時(shí)侯”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is time that children should go to

20、 bed. = It is time that children went to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. 9. It is the first ( second It is the first ( second ) time that ) time that 該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。該句型中的該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。該句型中的 that that 從句不用虛從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that that 可以省去；可以省去；it it 有時(shí)用有時(shí)用 this this

21、 替換，常譯為替換，常譯為“是第一（二）是第一（二）次次”。 It is the first time I have been here. It is the first time I have been here. = = This is the first time I have been here. This is the first time I have been here. It is ten years since he returned to his hometown.It was ten years ago that he returned to his hometown.I

22、t was 1990 when he returned to his hometown.It is in 1990 that he returned to his hometown.He went abroad in 1980. It was ten years before he returned to his hometown. 10. It is since . 該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，又要和表示一段時(shí)間該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，又要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的問(wèn)題。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ)，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的問(wèn)題。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ)，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成

23、時(shí)，完成時(shí)，since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is . when . 該句型中的該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的 it 指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，的時(shí)候，是是”。 It was 5 oclock when he

24、came here. 12. It be . before . 該句型主句中的該句型主句中的 it 指時(shí)間指時(shí)間, 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是將來(lái)一般時(shí)或過(guò)主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是將來(lái)一般時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語(yǔ)多是去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)。常譯為等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)。常譯為“之后之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens that. 主句

25、中的主句中的happen是不及物動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧碰巧 14. It takes sb. to do sth. “做做要花費(fèi)某人要花費(fèi)某人”。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( n

26、ot any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 該句型中該句型中whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語(yǔ)，該句型常譯為引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語(yǔ)，該句型常譯為“不論（是否）不論（是否） 沒(méi)關(guān)系沒(méi)關(guān)系。 It doesnt matter if they are old. 主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。常見(jiàn)主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的有的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的好心的),

27、 honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教養(yǎng)的有教養(yǎng)的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤的)等。等。 這個(gè)句型可這個(gè)句型可以改寫(xiě)為：以改寫(xiě)為：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由for 引起，形容詞通常表示引起，形容詞通常表示

28、重要性，緊迫重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：情況。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有： 如：如：It is important for her to come to the party. It is important that she (should ) come to the party 19. It seems/appears that 看來(lái)看來(lái) It seems/appears that he will be back in a few days. It looks ( seems ) as if . 該句型中該句型中it 無(wú)意義。無(wú)意義。 as if

29、 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為，“看看起來(lái)好象起來(lái)好象 如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）真的病了） It seemed as if he were dying.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣) 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)。作形式賓語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、that that 從從句作賓語(yǔ)，又有自己的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要句作賓語(yǔ)，又有自己的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要 用用it

30、 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)后置。如：的賓語(yǔ)后置。如：Marx found it important Marx found it important to study the situation in Russiato study the situation in Russia. .The fisherman made it a ruleThe fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net that he never cast his net more than four times a daymore tha

31、n four times a day. .The ancient people took it for granted The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was that the earth was flatflat. .We think it necessary We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to reading aloud every morning to improve our Englishimprove our English. .能夠用于形

32、式賓語(yǔ)句型的動(dòng)詞有能夠用于形式賓語(yǔ)句型的動(dòng)詞有think, make, find, think, make, find, consider, feel, takeconsider, feel, take等。等。owe it to owe it to sbsb. that. that把把歸功于歸功于 leave it to leave it to sbsb that that把把留給某人去做留給某人去做 take it for granted that take it for granted that 想當(dāng)然想當(dāng)然 keep it in mind thatkeep it in mind that 例例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.