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1、UNIT 10 IVE HAD THIS BIKE FOR THREE YEARS.Part : Text Review & Knowledge TestPart : Key Words, Phrases & SentencesPart : Grammar FocusReading ExtentionYard Sale A garage sale(also known as yard sale, tag sale, moving sale) are events in the U.S. and Canada where people sell old things that they no l

2、onger want, on the grass of their yard. People often hold yard sales in spring when they clean out their houses. When they plan to hold a yard sale, theyll put up notices around their community and put up signs to point the way to their house.Part : Text Review & Knowledge TestLook at the things at

3、the yard sale. Do you have any of these things at home? How long have you had them?SA1aExercise1. _ have you been married? For twenty years. A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon2. If you sit in a chair _ a long time, your back may begin to hurt. A. at B. in C. on D. for3. I often have ham

4、burgers for lunch. Youd better not. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ateCDB4. The house has a small _(院子). 5. All these facts were stored (儲存) in his _(記憶).6. Put your _(玩具) away nowits time for bed.yardmemorytoysRead and retell the article.3a-3bText StructureYard

5、Sale: 5 thingsThe girl wants to sell certain toysThe boy wants to sell a train and railway set.Their father wants to give up football shirts. The authors family is going to have a _. They decided to sell things they _ and gave the _ to a childrens home. At the beginning, his son was sad, because he

6、has owned the train and railway set since his _. And he also liked the toy monkey he has had since his birth. His daughter was more _, although she also felt sad to _ certain toys. The author will give up his _ because he hasnt played _. yard saleno longer usemoneyfourth birthdayunderstandingpart wi

7、thfootball shirtsfor a whileExercise. Choose the best answer from the given choices.1. Jim is a(n) _ young man. Thats true. He always tells the truth. A. friendly B. shy C. honest D. lively2. Look! Some people are running the red lights. We should wait _ others are breaking the rule. A. if B. unless

8、 C. although D. becauseCC. Complete the blanks according to the tips.1. Dad was _(清潔) up in the kitchen.2. The cinema is _(不再) used.3. To be _(separate) from him even for two days made her sad.4. For _(某種) reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.5. I only stayed for a short _(一會兒). clearingno

9、 longerseparatedcertainwhile. Complete the following sentences.1. 我好長時間沒見到他了。 I havent seen him _.2. 至于你，你應(yīng)該感到慚愧。 _, you ought to be ashamed of yourself.3. 說實話，我認(rèn)為我們沒有獲勝的可能。 _, I dont think we have a chance of winning. for a whileAs for youTo be honestCheck () the places or things you can find in yo

10、ur town or city.SubjectivitySB1aCheck ListMuseumParkPrimary SchoolHillBridgeLibraryZooRiverOthersExercise1. 盡管在下雨，他還是出去了。 He went out _.2. 花園里萬紫千紅。 The garden _ colourful flowers.3. 安全的問題怎么辦? _ the question of security?4. 我媽媽不會讓我去酒吧的。 My mother wouldnt _ the bar. 5. 修理你的汽車至少要100美元。 Repairing your ca

11、r will cost _ $100. even though it was rainingis full ofWhat aboutlet me go toat least Read the article, match the expressions in the passage with the ones below.2a-2bCheck Listlook for search forconsider think, regardacross from oppositein ones opinion according togo back returnchanges developments

12、area place Home is a harbor for heart, with peace and warm. No matter where we have moved and how far away we are, we cant get away from homesickness. We get homesick because there are things that we love and care about.Complete the blanks according to the passage.2c Many Chinese people these days l

13、eave their _ to work in the _. They usually _ to their hometowns one or two times a _. Zhong Wei hasnt been back in close to three years. He has been working in a _ factory in Wenzhou for the past 13 years.hometownscitiesreturnyearcrayon People like him are _in how their hometowns are changing. New

14、buildings are often built by the _. Zhong Wei thinks these changes are _ because things need to change in order to become better. But he also thinks some things _ change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood _.interestedgovernmentgoodwill nevermemoriesWrite three paragrap

15、hs about your favorite things according to the notes and tips.3a-3bPattern1stWhat: My favorite thing from childhood is.Ive had it for/since.gave it to me.2ndWhy: I like.so much because.Its special to me because.I think.3rdDetails: .has given me many memories.I remember when. My favorite thing from c

16、hildhood is a toy puppet. I have had it for more than ten years. My father gave it to me as my fifth birthdays gift. I like the puppet so much because it was made by my father by hand, so it conveyed care and love. Its special to me because I regarded it as my friend and shared happiness and time wi

17、th it together. The toy puppet has given me many memories. I enjoyed myself with it in my spare time. Now I can remember when I was down, or lonely, or scared it would always be my loyal companion. My forever love, my unforgettable memory!Exercise1. His grade in the exam put him _ the top students i

18、n his class. A. between B. over C. among D. above2. The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around, _ in winter. Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists. A. especially B. generally C. probably D. mainlyCA3. I dont know where to go this summer holiday. Why not _ visiting Xia

19、n? There are many places of interest here. A. suggest B. wonderC. consider D. regard4. 據(jù)約翰說，你上星期去旅游了。 _ John, you went to travel last week.5. 真遺憾你明天就得回美國了。 _ you have to go back to US tomorrow.According toIts a shame thatC1. How long have you had that bike there? I have had it for three years. 你擁有那邊

20、那輛自行車多長時間了？ 我已經(jīng)擁有它三年了！ (1)how long為疑問副詞，意為“多長時間”，用來對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問。 How long have you lived in Beijing? For two years. 你在北京住了多長時間了？ 兩年。Part : Key Words, Phrases & Sentences(2)for后跟一段時間, 謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞, 常用于完成時中。 I have lived here for ten years. 我已經(jīng)住在這里十年了。Extention: for & since Anna has worked in the

21、 factory for two years. 安娜在這家工廠工作兩年了。（時段） There have been many changes since the war. 自從戰(zhàn)爭以來發(fā)生了許多變化。（時點） We have been friends since we came here. 自從我們來這里我們就已經(jīng)是朋友了。（句）ItemsUsagesfor后跟時間段，表示時間的持續(xù), 句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。since作prep.“自從以來”，后接表示時間點的詞或詞組。作conj.，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句一般用一般過去時。Extention & Contrast(1)How long多

22、久；多長(時間)。對時間段提問：for+時間段；since+過去的時間點。 How long have you worked in Beijing? For five years. 你在北京工作多久了？5年了。(2)How soon多久以后。對“in+時間段”提問，常用于一般將來時，其答語常用“in+時間段”。 How soon will Mr. Lee be back? In a week. 李先生多久以后會回來？一周內(nèi)。 (3)How often多久一次。對頻率提問，其答語為once/twice/.+時間段, always, usually等。 How often do you exerc

23、ise? Once a day. 你多久鍛煉一次？每天。(4)How far多遠(yuǎn)。對距離提問，其答語是表距離的內(nèi)容。 How far is it from here to your school? Three kilometers. 從這到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)？3km。Exercise1. _ have you stayed in New York? For about two weeks. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far2. I have had the bike _ I was 15 years old. A. for B. since

24、C. in D. onCB2. Jeffs family is having a yard sale. sale n.出售，銷售 on sale出售；上市 for sale待售；供出售（尤指從主人手里出售） Chickens are on sale in the market. 小雞在市場上出售。 Im sorry, its not for sale. 抱歉，它不出售。3. Because I dont read it anymore. 因為我不再看它了。 anymore adv.亦可寫作any more，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再（不）； (不）再”。 not.anymore=not.a

25、ny longer You can have it, for I dont need it anymore.= You can have it, for I dont need it longer. 你可以把它拿走，因為我不再需要它了。 The doctor told me not to play computer games anymore. 大夫叫我別再玩電腦游戲了。4. Ive had this magazine for a couple of months. 這本雜志我買 了幾個月 了。 a couple of：表具體的數(shù)量“兩個”，指兩個相同的人或物體；表數(shù)量不定的“少數(shù)幾個”（虛指

26、），具體意思視上下文和具體的語境而決定。 You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely. 你得等上一兩個小時讓這些衣服完全干燥。 Look! There are a couple of boys waiting for you at the door. 瞧!門 口有兩三個男孩正在等你。5. The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyre still interesting.里面的故事有點舊但仍很有意思。 a bit=a little/a bit o

27、f+u.n. 一點兒；稍微。 修飾adj./adv.。 not a bit=not at all一點也不一點也不 not a little=very非常非常 There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有點兒水。 She is not a bit happy. 她一點兒也不快樂。 He is not a little tired.=He is very tired. 他非常累。6. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. 請檢查一下這些送給孩子們的玩

28、具和棋盤。 check vt.檢查；審查 n.支票；賬單 check out查查看；觀察 If you finish it, check it by yourself first. 如果你完成了，就自己先檢查一下。 Check out all the books for children. 查看一下所有的兒童書籍。7. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. 我們已經(jīng)決定每人賣掉不再使用的五種物品。 no longer“不再；不復(fù)”，位于系動詞之后，實義動詞之前，相當(dāng)于not.any longer，常用來修

29、飾表示狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性動詞。 Alice no longer lives here. 艾麗斯不住在這里了。ItemsUsagesno longer著重表示時間或持續(xù)狀態(tài)的動作的不再延續(xù)，意為“如今不再”。no more著重表示數(shù)量或程度的減少，意為“再也沒有更多(大)的數(shù)量(程度)”，no more等于not.any more。Extention & Contrast He was no longer a thief. 他不再是小偷了。 We couldnt stand it any more. 我們不能再忍受了。Practice1. 她的父親去世了, 此后她就不再上學(xué)了。 Her father

30、died, and after that she _ _ went to school.2. 現(xiàn)在她再也不害怕了。 Now she _ afraid _ _. 2. Will you give this message to Mike, please? Sorry, I cant. He _. A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer work here C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longerno longerDany moreisnt8. My daugh

31、ter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school. high school=secondary school中學(xué)（英國） *在美、加尤指senior high school高中 junior high/junior high school初中 senior high/senior high school高中 start school入學(xué)；上學(xué) finish school結(jié)束學(xué)業(yè)；畢業(yè)9. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with

32、 certain toys. 我女兒更能理解我，雖然她對送走某些玩具也很傷心。(1)although和though同義，一般情況下可互用。但though較普遍，常用于非正式的口語或書面語中，而although則較為正式。另外although語氣比though重，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)“讓步”。(2)part with不情愿地與分手；將之送給或賣給他人 part v.分離；離開 He gave me the letter and we parted. 他給了我那封信，我們就告別了。 Dont part with your dream.不要放棄你的夢想。(3)certain1 adj.某種；某事；某人。通常作

33、定語，后接名詞。 certain2 adj.確實的；無疑的Extention be certain to do sth.一定或肯定要做某事 be certain of/about (doing) sth. 對（做）某事確定或有把握 be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事 be certain+that確信 He decided to sell his certain books. 他決定賣掉他的某些書籍。 Its certain that the earth is round. 毫無疑問, 地球是圓的。 Ann is certain to help us. 安一定會幫助我

34、們。 Im certain of his success. 我確信他會成功。Practice1. Amy is certain _ _(come) on time. Dont worry. 2. It is certain that he can pass the exam.(改為同義句) He is certain _ _ the exam.to comeof passing*or (/to pass)10. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not playe

35、d for a while now. 于我而言，我不想放棄我的球衣。但是，說實在的，現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)有段時間沒玩了。(1)as for至于；關(guān)于 And as for us, we are fortunate. 可對我們來說，我們是幸運(yùn)的。(2)give up/give in放棄；讓步 give up指行為者碰到某種困難或原因而自己主動放棄；give in指行為者屈于某種壓力而被迫按別人的要求去做，側(cè)重于屈服。(3)to be honest說實話；說實在的。常用于句首，單獨(dú)使用，作插入語。 honest adj.誠實的 dishonest adj.不誠實的 to tell the truth老實說；

36、說實話 to be frank坦率地說 *honest的首字母h不發(fā)音，因此其開頭音素為元音音素。故冠詞用an。 An honest man does not tell lies. 誠實的人不會說謊。 Bob is an honest boy. 鮑勃是一個誠實的男孩。 To be perfectly frank, I think thats a crazy idea. 坦白相告，我認(rèn)為那是個荒唐的主意。(4)while1 n. 一段時間；一會兒 while2 conj.“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。 They chattered away happily for

37、 a while. 他們高興地閑扯了一會兒。 He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation. 他在度假期間仍與我們保持聯(lián)系。Practice1. 說實在的, 你是一位非常好的老師。 _ _ _, you are a very good teacher.2. Peter is _ honest boy and a good friend of mine. A. a B. an C. the D. /To be honestB11. Among these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and fath

38、er.(1)among prep.“(其)中；之一”用于三者或三者以上。其賓語通常是表示一個籠統(tǒng)數(shù)量或具有復(fù)數(shù)(集體)意義的n./pron.。 between prep.在兩者之間 Tom sits among the students. 湯姆坐在學(xué)生之間。 Tom sits between Mary and Frank. 湯姆坐在瑪麗和弗蘭克之間。ContrastItemsUsagesbetween“兩者之間”（*后接三者或三者以上事物或人時指“每兩者之間”）between.and.在和之間among“在中間”，用于三者或三者以上的中間(2)a 46-year-old husband and

39、 father意為“一位46歲的丈夫和父親”，相當(dāng)于a husband and father of 46 years old。 該類作定語的復(fù)合形容詞的特點：一是數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞之間要用連字符連接；二是數(shù)詞后的名詞用單數(shù)形式。 復(fù)合形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+連字符連字符+名詞名詞；數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+名詞的所有名詞的所有格格。 a 10-year-old boy=a boy of 10 years old. 一個10歲的男孩 a two-month holiday=a two months holiday 一個為期兩個月的假期 ten-minute walk/drive/ride=ten minutes

40、 walk/drive/ride 步行/開車/騎車10分鐘的路程Practice1. This game is very popular _the boys in my class. A. between B. over C. among D. above2. The workers will build a new railroad _ the two cities. A. since B. betweenC. as D. duringCB12. Its a shame, but l just dont have the time. 實在是遺憾，但我就是沒吋間 Its a shame.是一種

41、常見的口語表達(dá)，表示一種不如人愿的情形（an unhappy situation),意為“真遺憾；多可惜啊”。shame還可表示“羞愧；慚愧羞愧；慚愧”。 Its a shame+to do/that. Its a shame that you have to leave so soon. 真遺憾你這么快就要走了。 His face burned with shame. 他的臉因羞愧而發(fā)燙。Extention to ones shame令人感到羞愧的是 feel shame at.因而感到羞愧 have no shame無羞恥心 in shame羞愧的13. consider v.考慮=thi

42、nk aboutconsider doing sth.考慮做某事consider+n./pron.(to be) adj./n.認(rèn)為是consider sb./sth. as把某人或某事當(dāng)作consider+object clausesconsider+“疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式”Notice consider后接n./v.-ing作賓語，不接動詞不定式，也不存在consider sb. to do的結(jié)構(gòu)。 I am considering changing my job. 我正在考慮換份工作。 I consider her to be my best friend. 我把她當(dāng)作我最要好的朋

43、友。 Most of people consider that the government should take effective measures to control the price. 大部分群眾都認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施調(diào)控物價。 He has never considered how to talk with him. 他從未考慮過如何和他談話。Extention: the verbs/phrases can only be followed by v.-ing consider考慮 enjoy喜愛 practice練習(xí) keep (on)繼續(xù)（一直） mind介意 fini

44、sh完成 have fun高興 feel like想要 look forward to盼望 cant help禁不住 give up放棄Practice1. 約翰考慮周末去遠(yuǎn)足。 John _ _hiking at the weekend. 2. 他們認(rèn)為吃飯的時候出聲是不禮貌的。 They _ _ impolite _ _a noise while you eat.considers goingconsider itto make14. Even though its old, its full of interesting places to see and things to do.(1

45、)even though和even if兩者均可用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其細(xì)微區(qū)別是： even if引導(dǎo)的從句是往往是假設(shè)性的，意為“即使；縱然；就算；哪怕”。 even though引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容往往是真實的，主要用于引出不利于主句情況的信息，意為“盡管；雖然”。 *在實際語言運(yùn)用中，even if與even though有時也可不加區(qū)別地混用。 Even if it rains tomorrow, we wont change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我們也決不改變計劃。 Hes the best teacher even though he has the least expe

46、rience. 他盡管經(jīng)驗最少，但教得最好。 Even if/Even though she laughs at him, he likes her. 盡管她嘲笑他，他還是很喜歡她。 Extention: although & (even) though although和(even) though均可用于句首或從句之首。though多用于非正式文體中，較為通俗。 Although/Though/Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 雖然我們已盡了最大的力量，但還是輸了。 We lost the game although/t

47、hough/even though we tried our best. 我們輸了，然而我們已盡了最大的力量。(2)be full of=be filled with充滿；裝滿 The bottle is filled with water. 瓶子里裝滿了水。 The room is filled with heavy smoke. 滿屋濃煙。 Champagne is full of bubbles. 香檳酒有很多氣泡。PART : GRAMMAR FOCUSPRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH SINCE & FOR1. Concept 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)

48、在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，或開始于過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。 常和for, since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，如“for+時間段”、“since+過去時間點”、“since+過去時的從句”、“since+一段時間+ago”，且for與since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。謂語動詞多用延續(xù)性動詞。2. Structure: S+have/has+P.P+.deformationa. 否定式: havent, hasntb. 一般疑問句: Have/Has+S+P.P+.? Yes, S have/has. No, S h

49、avent/hasnt.c. 特殊疑問句: 疑問詞+have/has+S+P.P+. How long have you had this phone? 你的手機(jī)用多久了？ 3. for & since(1)Sentence Patternsa. It is/has been+時間段時間段+since+the adverbial of time/clauseb. This is the first (second.) time that+clause *that從句通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時 It is four days since last Friday. 從上周五到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)四天了。 This i

50、s the first time that Jenny has been to China. 這是珍妮第一次來中國。(2)Similarities between for and sincea. or與since都能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用b. 二者可轉(zhuǎn)換：for+一段時間一段時間=since+一段時間一段時間+ago He has been here for five years. =He has been here since five years ago. 他到這兒已經(jīng)有五年了。c. 均須與延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以與非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式連用 I havent bought anything for

51、 two months. =I havent bought anything since two months ago. 我已經(jīng)2個月沒買東西了。 I have learnt English for ten years. =I have learnt English since ten years ago. 我學(xué)了10年英語了。d. 二者引出的時間狀語往往用how long提問 How long have you had this book? For two weeks./Since two weeks ago. 這本書你買多久了?買兩周了。(3)Differences between for

52、 and sincea. for+時間段 for其后只能接表示“一段時間”的名詞性短語，可用于多種時態(tài)，表示動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間段長短。 He usually sleeps for ten hours every day. 他通常每天睡10個小時。 I have lived in this city for five years. 我在這座城市居住了5年了。b. since+時間點 接表“時間點”的短語或從句（過去時）；接“一段時間+ago”，用于完成時態(tài)；用于句型“It is+時間段+since+一般過去時”，表過去某個時間發(fā)生并持續(xù)到說話時的動作或狀態(tài)。 He has studied Eng

53、lish since he was seven. 他從上初中開始學(xué)英語。 She has worked here for five years. =She has worked here since five years ago. 她在這工作5年了。 It is two years since I came to China. 自從我到中國以來已經(jīng)兩年了。c. since能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(主句現(xiàn)在完成時，從句一般過去時)，而for則不能。 He has taught here since he came to China. 自從他來到中國就在這兒教書。 We have been friend

54、s since we met in school. 我們從在學(xué)校見面起就成為了好朋友。4. Transition between Non-durative Verb and Durative Verb 由于現(xiàn)在完成時謂語動詞多用延續(xù)性動詞，也有用非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式，故通常需要將非延續(xù)性動詞（Non-durative Verb）轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞（Durative Verb）。(1)現(xiàn)在完成時，轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 arrivehave/has been in/at begin/starthave/has been on come/gohave/has been in/at diehave/h

55、as been dead finish/stophave/has been over fall asleephave/has been asleep get to knowknow get to sleepsleep joinhave/has been in have/has been a member of leavehave/has been away openhave/has been openSheet 1Non-durativeDurativeborrowkeepbuyhavecatch a coldhave a coldmarryhave/has been marriedopen

56、sth.keep sth. openput onwear(2)轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+adj./adv./prep./n.” get upbe up get to/arrive/reachbe (in) closebe closed openbe open come/gobe+.(come backbe back, come herebe here, go therebe there) finishbe over fall sleepbe asleep fall illbe ill leavebe away (from) joinbe in./be a member of.Sheet 2Non-dura

57、tiveDurativebegin/startbe onbecomebediebe deadgo/get outbe outget marriedbe marriedmake friendsbe friendsPractice. Fill in the blanks with for or since.1. We havent seen each other _ a long time.2. I have been here _ five months ago.3. The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4. Andrew has worked here _ he

58、 came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforforsinceforsincesince. Choose the best answer from the given choices. 1. My father _ home for nearly three weeks. A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away2. Mr. Green

59、has _ in China for a week. A. been B. got C. arrived D. reached 3. The old man _ on the chair all this morning. A. has been sat B. have sat C. sat D. has been sittingCAD4. How long _ Tom _ stamps? A. did, collecting B. has, collecting C. have, collected D. has, collected5. Tom, dont watch TV any mor

60、e. You _ it for three hours. A. have watched B. have watching C. watch D. watched6. Sanya is a beautiful city. I _ there twice. A. have gone B. have been C. have gone to D. have been toACB. Complete the following sentences.1. They have been here since 2000.(對劃線部分提問) _ _ have they been here?2. The ol

61、d man _ last year. He _ _ _ for a year.(die)3. This factory opened 20 years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ _ _ for 20 years.How longdiedhas been deadhas been opened4. Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ an hour ago.5. The Green family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.has left sinceIt issinceYesterday is history. Tomorrow is mystery. Today is a gift. Thats why it is called present!Thats all for today!