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1、WORDS content: (1)n. the contents of a room the content of your essay food with a high fat content (2)adj. be content with/to do sth. (3)v. content oneself with sth. contented contentment alternative: (1)adj. find alternative means of transport (2)n.You have the alternative of marrying or remaining

2、single. affect: v.(1)=have an influence on:The change in climate may affect your health. (2)=infect: Cancer had affected his lungs. (3)=touch: We were deeply affected by the news of her death. effect=influence summarise/summary represent/representative violence/violent willing/willingness response/r

3、esponsible/responsibility defend/defence/defensive prosper/prosperity/prosperousEXPRESSIONS: put an end/a stop to: The government is required to put an end to terrorism. put an end to ones life go to the ends of the earth make both ends meet at/by/in the end end up end up with end in in harmony with

4、:His tastes are in harmony with mine. out of harmony with wipe out: (1)This vase wasnt wiped out properly before it was put away. (2)wipe out our debts (3)Whole villages were wipe out in the war. hardly/scarcelywhen: Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. react to:People can react bad

5、ly to certain food additives. She reacted to the insult by turning back on him. react against be aware of: (1)be aware of the risk(danger,threat) (2)be aware that: She became aware that sth. was burning. at stake: The decision puts our lives at stake. stakes switch off: (1)switch off the gas,power (

6、2)Long lectures really switch me off. switch on switch over/round all too often: all too soon all too few make a difference: (1)It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. (2)The sea air has made a difference to her health. make a difference between She makes no difference between

7、 her two sons. make progress: (1)The walkers were making slow progress up the rocky path. (2)The patient is making good progress after her operation. in progress Please be quiet-recording is in progress. give a speech earth summit take actions draw a conclusion global warming sustainable development

8、 make an outline make use of be harmful to as a result of from time to time be prepared for meet the demand have no effect onwater pollutionair pollutiondeforestationpoverty / starvationgarbagesand stormearthairwaterthe most seriousproblemsWhat causes the problem?Help1.Water pollution and air pollut

9、ion are caused by factories and cars2.Garbage is because we buy products that use too much wrapping and then throw away the garbage, often in the streets or in nature3.Starvation is mainly caused by the uneven distribution of wealth and sometimes by natural disastersAS A RESULT,MORE PEOPLE WILL DIE

10、OF HUNGER.We will have standing room only.LISTENING IN P661.Why is she giving this speech?2.What does she think the most serious problem is?3.What does she say we should do about it?She is giving the speech to celebrate Earth Day.She thinks that water pollution (protecting our water) is the most ser

11、ious problem.We must learn to take better care of our water. We must stop polluting our water. We must learn to save water in our daily life.Part 1PART 2 OUTLINE OF THE SPEAKERS ARGUMENTS Argument 1: we should _ _. We must _ _. We must _ _ If we _ _, we _ _. take better care of our water be more car

12、eful when we use our water use the knowledge and technology that some countries have already developed to solve the problem. work together and share what we know will be building a better future for all of us.Argument 2 _ Problem: _ _ _Solutions: _ _ _ _ _ _ _We must stop polluting our water. We are

13、 polluting water at an alarming pace. Cars, factories, and air conditioners pollute the air and the water.We must change the way we think and the way we live.Lets not drive if we can walk or ride a bike.Lets try not to use air conditioners more than what is absolutely necessary.Lets not buy products

14、 that cause pollution.Lets make new rules and use new technology to make sure that factories are green and clean. LISTENING IN P137 Problem: the water channels are not functioning properly. Cause: _ _ _ Effect: the fields are not getting enough water. Test: the people on the project _ _ _ _. Result:

15、 the farmers knew _ but did not _ the channels often enough. The channels are being used as rubbish bins and too many plants grow where the water should flow. thought that the farmers simply did not understand the situation and that they could solve the problem by educating them.about the problem cl

16、eanPart 1PART 21.Why did the farmers act in this way?2.How did the government react to the result of the survey?3.What did the government decide to do?The government was surprised.The government decided to show the farmers that they were serious about the problem.Because they thought the government

17、was responsible for the channels and they only cleaned it up when there was too much rubbish. The farmers felt that this was unfair and did not believe what he government said.1.Farmers and the government will _ _.2.The farmer will form a group to oversee the _.3.A special channel _ _ will be chosen

18、.4.The farmers and the government will _ the costs. The farmers will pay for the _ _ and the government will pay for _ _ _ away.work together work cleaning day share cleaning equipment taking the rubbish KNOWLEDGE POINTS What is the biggest problem facing the earth? (1)I want to have a room whose wi

19、ndow faces the street. (2)Shes finding it difficult to face up to the possibility of an early death. (3)Faced with the hard situation, he used to stay clear consciousness. (4)Lets face it,we wont win whatever we do. Coal is a valuable resource that can be used to produce energy,but it can also cause

20、 serious pollution. (1)valuable: =of value valuable information =worth a lot of money a valuable collection of paintings (2)be used to do sth. be used to doing be used for sth. used to do sth. (3)cause: A dog ran into the road,causing the cyclist to turn suddenly. reason/cause You want to do what is

21、 best for everybody. Im all for WELCOME TO WELCOME TO THE EARTH THE EARTH SUMMITSUMMIT A: a meeting between the heads of two or more governments; B: the top, esp. the highest part of a mountain;Pre-readingIntroductionIntroductionDefinition of the Earth SummitBody Body Major problems facing the world

22、ConclusionConclusionEarth SummitWhat we can do to solve the problemsearth summit IntroductionIntroduction Body BodyConclusionConclusionScan and divide:Definition of the Earth Summit What we can do Para . 1Para.1Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 Para.6Para.7impor-tanceMajor problems facing the world1.From

23、the Earth Summit, we know that the earth is facing some serious problems.2.As a result of several Earth Summits, much progress has been made to save the earth.3.The “big three” refers to contaminated water, poverty and air pollution.4.In rural areas, peoples deaths have nothing to do with air pollut

24、ion because these areas are far away from cities.T T F F 5. According to Premier Zhu Rongji, global development means that richer countries become richer while the poorer countries poorer.6. Small changes mean a big difference, and a big difference means that the environmental conditions of the eart

25、h will improve.7. More and more common people in society learn “earth issue”.8. Without better education, man cant build a better society, as a result of which he can neither go in harmony with nature, nor can he put an end to the death and suffering caused by the big three.F T F T Para 1Para 1l Wha

26、t is the purpose of holding the Earth Summit?The United Nations hold the meeting in order to share ideas about ways to take better care of the earth.l the 2002 Earth summitTime:Place:One of the main themes: in 2002 in Johannesburg in South Africa sustainable development or the question how we can co

27、ntinue developing the world without damaging the environment.Listen and skin:Para 2Para 2the “big three”-the three biggest killersl What is the passage about? contaminated drinking water poor sanitation air pollutionl What are they?l How is that serious? 7million every year 20%;3millionl Where did t

28、hese deaths happen mostly?Poor sanitationPoor sanitationairair pollutionpollutionContaminated Contaminated drinking waterdrinking waterIn rural areas, where people burn wood and coal to cook food and stay warm.poverty war violenceOther issuesPara 3Para 3l Whats the main idea of this passage?l What a

29、re they?l What is global development?It means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer.l What is Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongjis attitude towards the global development? He stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.Rich countries have a responsibility towards poor countri

30、es and must do whatever they can do to help others.l How can sustainable development be possible? With international cooperationPara 4Para 4l Why are conferences like the Earth Summit important?Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problem and that there i

31、s still time to take action.l What do words said by a visitor mean?She said that hearing the speakers made her realize that she could make a difference by changing her behaviour.Para 5Para 5Para 6Para 6l Why is the Earth Summit important? Meetings like the Earth Summit can tell us what we can do to

32、help. A better understanding of the environment is necessary,as is the willingness to act.Para 7Para 7Conclusion:l Whats the passage about?The Earth Summit is not just about problems.In fact, it is a place to find solutions for the future.l What is the Earth Summit a place to find solutions for the

33、future?1.Education is the key to the future.2.Build a better society in harmony with nature.3.Put an end to the death and suffering caused by the big three.4.Wipe out the poverty.5.Less violence and fewer wars.Better future less unfair better education less poverty less violence fewer warsWhat do yo

34、u think our better future will be like?？? Multiple choices: 1. Which is TRUE about the Earth Summit? A. Its held every 3 years in Stockholm, Sweden. B. So far it has been held twice: in 1972 and in 2002. C. “Sustainable development” is the only theme of the summit. D. At the summit people discuss ho

35、w to take good care of the earth. 2. In the text, the “big three” are _. A. water, health and air B. poverty, war and violence C. contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation and air pollution D. sustainable development, contaminated drinking water, and pollution Multiple choices: 3. According to th

36、e text, air pollution alone causes about _ of all the deaths in the world. A. 6.5% B. 15% C. 20% D. 40% 4. Most of the deaths caused by air pollution happen in the countryside mainly because _. A. the environment is badly being damaged B. wood and coal are widely used in the rural areas C. a large p

37、art of forests has been cut down D. its a big problem in developing countries Multiple choices: 5. At the summit, Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji probably mentioned the following EXCEPT _. A. international cooperation B. sustainable development C. ways of preventing AIDS from spreading D. equality an

38、d fairness in the world 6. “A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.” (Para. 6) The underlined word can be replaced by _. A. which B. so C. and D. but Multiple choices: 7. One visitors words are quoted in the text in order to show _. A. that the Earth Sum

39、mit is very popular among ordinary people B. that we can help save the earth by changing our way of life C. how we can develop the world without damaging the environment D. how people can stop the death and suffering caused by the “big three”ANALYZE SOME SENTENCES AND RECITE: One of the main themes

40、of the summit was “sustainable development”,or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment. (1)or=that is (2)how (3)continue: A.He continued reading when I spoke to him. B.After that,he continued to devote himself to researching work. C.The weather continue

41、d cold and wet. last go on to do/doing sth. Rich countries have a responsibility towards poor countries and must do whatever they can . (1)have a responsibility towards (2)whatever they can (3)to help others Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems a

42、nd that there is still time to take action. (1)thatand that (2)there exist(stand,appear,seem) (3)there is still time to take action. If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create. (1)be to do sth. be going to do sth. be do

43、ing sth. will/shall do sth. be about to do sth. (2)take part in: How many countries will be taking part in the World Cup? take ones part His mother always takes his side. take sth. in good part He took the joke in a good part. play a part in She played an active part in local politics. With better e

44、ducation,people will be able to build a better a society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to the death and suffering caused by the big three. (1)in harmony with (2)put an end to (3)suffering And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated,there is a good chance that w

45、e will see less violence and fewer wars. (1)less of problem Can we have a bit less of that noise? (2)be better educated (3)There is a good chance that There is a good chance that Ill finish the work tomorrow. The chances are that She chanced to be in when I telephoned. It chanced that she was in whe

46、n I telephoned. take a chance by the chance=perhaps by chance=accidentally chance of doing sth./to do sth. Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation. We wont be able to improve the situation until we know more. It is not until we know more that we will be able to improve the si

47、tuation. Without international cooperation,developing countries cannot proper,nor will sustainable development be possible. Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rong Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would n

48、ever have bought one. A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act. (1)a better understanding (2)as=soINTEGRATING SKILLSVOICES OF THE EARTH SUMMITLISTENING IN P71Speech 1Problem:most _ dont _Governments of the world must: make sure that all people from develop

49、ing countries have free access to _; limit the number of _ per family; stop _ _ without replacing them.People of the world must: make use of alternative _, such as _, _ and car-pooling; reduce, _ and _ as much as possible.We need _! leaders listenclean drinking water carsdown trees transportationwal

50、king bikingreuse recyclecuttingactionSpeech 2The Earth Summit is not just about good _ and big _; it is about _ _ _ the _ we are facing.I have brought a bag of _.You may think that _ is useless, but I will tell you how we can use _ to make the future _, cleaner and _, and to _ _.speecheswords doing

51、something about problems rubbish rubbish rubbish greener better make moneyLiao MingyuShe is _ years old in 2002.She is from _. 11Shenzhen What was she doing?She was giving a speech about environmental protection in the Earth Summit.Integrating skillsLIAO MINGYUS JOURNEYLIAO MINGYUS JOURNEYPUT THE TH

52、INGS LIAO MINGYU DID IN THE RIGHT TIME ORDER 1. Traveled to the Earth Summit in Johannesburg ,South Africa. 2. Made a speech at the opening ceremony of the Summit. 3. Enter the primary school 4. Interviewed by China Daily 5. Learn to protect the environment 3-5-1-2-4MULTIPLE CHOICES Which is wrong a

53、ccording to the writers ideas on how to protect the environment? A.Only by taking action can we improve the situation. B.What we do in our daily life affects environment pollution little, but it can make a difference. C.More and more meetings like the Earth Summit can solve environment problems. D.O

54、ur future is at stake, so we must act right now to save the earth. Mingyu expressed her idea except_. A.She hoped the government only tried to provide access to clean drinking water. B.She hoped the adults would like to care more about environment. C.She is sure that the government will take action

55、to care more for the environment. D.She is full of hopes and fears about the future.GrammarGrammar倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)歸納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)歸納（Inverted Order）在近幾年的高考試題中，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的頻率越來(lái)越高在近幾年的高考試題中，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的頻率越來(lái)越高. 為了方便為了方便大家復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)考，現(xiàn)幫助大家總結(jié)歸納如下：大家復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)考，現(xiàn)幫助大家總結(jié)歸納如下：按按“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”這種順序排列的句子是陳述語(yǔ)序這種順序排列的句子是陳述語(yǔ)序. 如果排列順序如果排列順序變?yōu)樽優(yōu)椤爸^語(yǔ)（或謂語(yǔ)的一部分）謂語(yǔ)（或謂語(yǔ)的

56、一部分）+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”，就是倒裝語(yǔ)序，就是倒裝語(yǔ)序. 倒裝句分倒裝句分為：為：（一）完全倒裝（一）完全倒裝Full Inversion：整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)移至主語(yǔ)前面的倒裝移至主語(yǔ)前面的倒裝句叫完全倒裝句句叫完全倒裝句.（二）部分倒裝（二）部分倒裝Partial Inversion：只把只把助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的倒裝句叫部分倒裝句放在主語(yǔ)之前的倒裝句叫部分倒裝句.1.在在there be/lie/stand/remain/live句型中句型中 There once lived an old fisherman in that house.There stands

57、 a tall tree in front of the house.There lies a riverFull Inversion2. 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)又比較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，當(dāng)一個(gè)句子沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)又比較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常將狀語(yǔ)提到句子前頭，同時(shí)把謂語(yǔ)放常將狀語(yǔ)提到句子前頭，同時(shí)把謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)前頭到主語(yǔ)前頭.From the distance came a cry! Thus began the war .Full Inversion3.有時(shí)把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面有時(shí)把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面. A:介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ). On the other side is Xinjiang B:形容詞

58、形容詞+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ). Especially popular are music and dance C: 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. Full InversionDown it flew! Here it is.4. 為使景象生動(dòng)，或使句子形象，生動(dòng)，平衡為使景象生動(dòng)，或使句子形象，生動(dòng)，平衡可以把可以把here,there,out , in, up, down, away,now, then等狀語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)前面等狀語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)前面. The door opened

59、and in came a teacher. Out rushed the boy. Here comes the bus.注意：若主語(yǔ)為代詞，語(yǔ)序不倒裝注意：若主語(yǔ)為代詞，語(yǔ)序不倒裝. Away they went!5.某些表示祝愿的句子也要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。某些表示祝愿的句子也要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 Long live our friendship!總結(jié)：在完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，提前總結(jié)：在完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，提前的動(dòng)詞一般是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞，象的動(dòng)詞一般是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞，象did,does,do, be等形式等形式.而而be doing,have done等結(jié)構(gòu)一般等結(jié)構(gòu)一般不會(huì)用在完全倒裝中不會(huì)用在完全倒裝中. Par

60、tial Inversion1.so/as, neither ,nor引起的表示同類(lèi)情況的句子引起的表示同類(lèi)情況的句子. -I like English. -So do I.注意區(qū)分：注意區(qū)分：-You must have forgotten to turn the light off. -Oh, So I did.3.Such +be +somebody. Such was Albert Einstein , a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.4. as 當(dāng)當(dāng)“盡管盡管”講時(shí)，心須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)講時(shí)，心須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).且若且

61、若表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,省略冠詞省略冠詞. Child as he is ,he knows a lot. Cold as the weather was ,the soldiers worked hard outside. 5.省略了省略了if 的虛擬條件從句的虛擬條件從句, 從句中的助動(dòng)詞從句中的助動(dòng)詞,系系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞前置動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞前置. Had they not been working so hard, they wouldnt have achieved so much. Were she here, she would support the motion.

62、 Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.6. 6. neitherneithernornor連接的連接的兩個(gè)句子都要倒裝兩個(gè)句子都要倒裝；not not onlyonlybut alsobut also連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，not onlynot only后后面的句子要倒裝面的句子要倒裝，但是，但是，but alsobut also后面的句子不后面的句子不倒裝。例如：倒裝。例如： a. a.NeitherNeither has he calledhas he called on her, on her, nornor wil

63、l he dowill he do so. so. b.b.Not onlyNot only shall we learnshall we learn from books, from books, but alsobut also we should learn form practice.we should learn form practice.7. never, seldom, little, nowhere, not, hardly 等否等否定詞位于句首時(shí)定詞位于句首時(shí)Never have I seen him before.Seldom do we go out.Little do

64、es he know what trouble he is in.8. Only + 狀語(yǔ)，位于句首狀語(yǔ)，位于句首Only in this way can you work out the problem.Only when the war was over, was he able to get back home. 9. No soonerthan Hardly when Scarcely whenHardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.位于句首位于句首10. not until so .that. N

65、ot Until yesterday did I know the news. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.位于句首位于句首總結(jié)：部分倒裝有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似于一般疑問(wèn)句式，提前的一般總結(jié)：部分倒裝有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似于一般疑問(wèn)句式，提前的一般是是 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞（do,did,does,have,has,had)、 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞(be)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,may,must)PRACTICE ABOUT INVERSION I finally got the job I dreamed abo

66、ut. Never in all my life_so happy. A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt Not a single song_at yesterdays party. A.she sang B.sang she C.did she sing D.she did sing _can you except to get a pay rise. A.With hard work B.Although work hard C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard -You forgot your purse when you went out. -Good heavens, _. A.so did I B.so I did C.I did so D.I so did _ snacks and drink, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest