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1、Unit 3 Language in use現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(二)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 當(dāng)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定影響時(shí),我們一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。同時(shí),可分別用just,already或yet加以強(qiáng)調(diào)或說明。如: I have already finished my work. 我已經(jīng)完成了我的工作。 I havent learnt the word yet.我還沒有學(xué)這個(gè)單詞。I have just finished my homework.我剛剛做完家庭作業(yè)。 2. 常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞的用法常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞的用法 1)already意
2、為“已經(jīng)”,常用于肯定句中,與完成時(shí)連用。一般位于助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,也可用于句末。already用于疑問句時(shí),有驚訝之意。如: I have already eaten lunch. 我已經(jīng)吃過午餐了。 I have been there already. 我已經(jīng)去過那兒了。 Youre not leaving already, are you? 你已經(jīng)不打算走了,是嗎? (2)yet意為“已經(jīng);還”,常用于疑問句和否定句中,在口語(yǔ)中一般置于句末。如: Has Betty had her supper yet? 貝蒂吃過晚飯了嗎?(3)ever意為“曾經(jīng)”,位于助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前
3、。如: It was the best vacation weve ever had. 這是我們度過的最好的假期。(4)just意為“剛剛”,多用在肯定句和一般疑問句中,位于助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。如: My father has just reached London. 我爸爸剛到倫敦。 (5)before意為“以前”,表示現(xiàn)在看來的以前,不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,常單獨(dú)用于句末。如: She has been to China before. 她以前去過中國(guó)。(6)never意為“從不”,主要與肯定性動(dòng)詞連用而不與否定性動(dòng)詞連用。如: Ive never been to Paris.
4、我從未去過巴黎。(7)so far意為“至今”,表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)時(shí)間段。如: We have learnt 2,000 new words so far. 到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了2 000個(gè)新單詞。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,即對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等;而一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí),不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如: He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998年游覽過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間) 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:.year(s)ago ,
5、 yesterday , the day before yesterday,last week, in 2000,just now, at the age of 9等。 (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,不與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如: Jill has bought a new computer. 吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:ever, already, never, yet, for+時(shí)間段, recently, since, in the last/past five years, twice等。試比較: H
6、ave you seen the film? (A) Did you see the film? (B) 你看過這部電影嗎? A句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對(duì)劇情是否了解;而B句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過,并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) 他在北京住了8年。 A句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是到目前為止,他在北京住了8年,可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去;B句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他在北京住過8年,現(xiàn)在不在北京住了。【話題呈現(xiàn)話題呈現(xiàn)】 本模塊的話題是關(guān)于人類對(duì)太空的探索。要求學(xué)生能正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在
7、完成時(shí)和already, just, yet談?wù)撟罱l(fā)生的事情,簡(jiǎn)短地報(bào)道太空之旅,內(nèi)容包括人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)及感受?!炯丫渌C萃佳句薈萃】What are you up to? 你在干什么呢?I havent started yet because Im not sure how to make it.我還沒開始呢,因?yàn)槲也淮_定怎么做。Have you heard the latest news?你聽說最新消息了嗎?Has it arrived yet?它已經(jīng)到達(dá)了嗎?It has already arrived.它已經(jīng)到達(dá)了。Thats why its on the news.這就是它上
8、新聞的原因。No one has been to Mars yet.還沒有人去過火星。Mars is very far away, much farther than the moon. 火星非常遠(yuǎn),比月球遠(yuǎn)得多。Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.為了有一天能把宇航員送上火星,許多科學(xué)家正在努力工作。How can I get information on space travel?我怎么獲取有關(guān)航天旅行的信息?You can go online to search f
9、or infor-mation. 你可以上網(wǎng)查詢信息。There has been life on the earth for hun-dreds of millions of years.地球上的生命已經(jīng)存在幾億年了。The earth goes around the sun.地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。None of them has an environment like that of the earth. 它們中沒有一個(gè)有像地球那樣的環(huán)境。The sun and its planets are called the solar system. 太陽(yáng)和它的行星稱為太陽(yáng)系。There are bil
10、lions of stars in the Galaxy.在銀河系有好幾十億的恒星。They are far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us. 它們非常遠(yuǎn),它們的光要很多年才能到達(dá)我們。However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.然而,還沒有宇宙飛船能行駛足夠遠(yuǎn)到達(dá)我們銀河系的其他恒星。Are we alone? 我們是孤獨(dú)的嗎?Is there life out there in s
11、pace?太空中還有其他生命存在嗎?Why has no one communicated with us?為什么還沒有人和我們交流?【寫作任務(wù)寫作任務(wù)】 神州十一號(hào)載人航天飛船成功在太空遨游了33天。宇航員景海鵬和陳冬順利完成了各項(xiàng)空間實(shí)驗(yàn),并凱旋而歸。相信你一定為他們感到驕傲和自豪。假設(shè)你是黎明晰,對(duì)太空有著濃厚的興趣,擁有航天夢(mèng)想,也想成為航天員,請(qǐng)給你的偶像景海鵬和陳冬寫一封信,表示祝賀,并表達(dá)自己的愿望和決心。 要求:1. 語(yǔ)言通順,行文連貫,內(nèi)容充實(shí);2. 80詞左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。【寫作指導(dǎo)】 現(xiàn)在來完成文章的提綱和主要內(nèi)容。文章可以分為三部分:Beginni
12、ng表示祝賀:Congratulations to you!Bodyyour thought: China has successfully launched Shenzhou 1 and you two have stayed in space for more than 30 days. Youre so great. I am 2 you!your dream: I 3 the un-iverse. I have a dream of being an 4 .What to do: Ill learn a lot about the5 and study 6 .Ending表達(dá)愿望:I
13、hope my dream can come true.spaceshipproud ofam interested in astronaut universehard【自主創(chuàng)作】 Dear Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, Yours,Li Mingxi【范文展示】 Dear Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, Congratulations to you!China has successfullylaunched Shenzhou spaceship and you two have stayed in space for more than 3
14、0 days. Youve finished a lot of experiments. Youre so great. I am proud of you!I am very interested in the universe, and I always have a dream of being an astronaut like you. So I will learn from you. I will learn a lot about the universe and study hard. I hope my dream can come true one day.Yours,Li Mingxi