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2019-2020年高考英語一輪 語法專題10 數(shù)詞和主謂一致01 譯林牛津版 高考預練 1、 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. A. in B. below C. beside D. against 答案：D 解析：考查介詞，句意為：“累了，吉姆背倚著樹，很快就睡著了。”against此處意為：“倚著，靠著”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁邊”；in“在……里面或（時間）……之后”。 2、 Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice. m A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes 答案：Ａw_ 解析：考查系動詞辨析。與上句中的eat with their eyes相對，后句應該為點看起來很好吃的東西。故正確答案為A。 3、 On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine 答案：C 解析：考查代詞。take a photo of sb意為給某人照相，此處應用人稱代詞的賓格。正確答案為C。 4、Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left． A．took up B．got up C．shut up D．set up 答案：Bw 解析：考查動詞詞組。get up意為“起床，起立”。句意為“Jenny正在找一個座位，正在那時，很幸運地，一個人站起來離開了?！惫蔬xB。1意為“從事，占據(jù)時間或空間”；C意為“閉嘴”；D意為“建造，搭起”。 5、We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work． A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think 答案：D 解析：考查倒裝。seldom為否定副詞放句首，用部分倒裝，故選D。句意為“我們因笑話而笑，但很少去思考笑話怎樣讓我們笑?！? 6、After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision A．that B．which C．when D．where 答案：B 解析：考查定語從句。此處應為which引導的非限制性定語從句，which代替前邊整個句子。句意為：“大學畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時間去旅游，這結果證明是一個明智的決定?！? 7、In many people’s opinion，that pany，though relatively small，is pleasant ． A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with 答案：Aw 解析：考查不定式主動表被動。在某些形容詞后經(jīng)常用不定式的主動形式表被動，此時，不定式動作和句子的主語存在動賓關系。又如：The apartment is fortable to live in. 8、The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ． A．small B．few C．1arge D．many 答案：C 解析：考查形容詞的用法。the number of 意為“……的數(shù)量”，其后的形容詞應為大小，不用多少。又據(jù)句意學校被移出了市中心，應該是學生的數(shù)量變得太大了，故選C。 9、一I’m sorry．That wasn’t of much help． 一Oh， ．As a matter of fact，it was most helpful． A．sure it was B．it doesn’t matter C．of course not D．thanks anyway 答案：A 解析：考查日常用語。后句中的As a matter of fact, it was most helpful,可知是對前句表意的否定，所以A項合適。句意為：“對不起，那幫助不太大。當然不是了，實際上，它很有用?！? 10、How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives． A．what B．who C．how D．why 答案：B 解析：考查介詞后的賓語從句。根據(jù)句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知應是和誰去，故選B。句意為“一個人旅游多么享受很大程度上取決于他和誰去，無論是他的朋友還是親戚。” 一、數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞分為兩種：基數(shù)詞（表示數(shù)目）和序數(shù)詞（表示順序）。 考點一　dozen與score的用法 1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）與具體數(shù)詞或與many，several 等連用時，后不加s，所修飾的名詞前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋，many dozen pencils好多打鉛筆；dozen，score的復數(shù)形式后接of時，表示“許多”，是概數(shù)。如：dozens of eggs幾十個雞蛋，scores of pencils幾十支鉛筆。此外，有“數(shù)詞＋score＋of＋名詞”這種用法。如：two score of eggs 40個雞蛋，three score of people 60個人。 2．當所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these，those，my，your等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格them，us，you時，這時需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。 考點二　分數(shù)的表達法 分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，若分子大于1，則分母用復數(shù)。如：onefourth（a quarter）1/4 twofifths 2/5 Twothirds of the money was spent on food. 考點三　年齡的表達法 表示某人的確切年齡，用“基數(shù)詞＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基數(shù)詞”，也可直接用基數(shù)詞；表示某人幾十多歲時，用“in ones＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”來表達。 She is still in her twenties.她才二十幾歲。 考點四　年代的表達法 表示“幾十年代”時，在阿拉伯數(shù)字后加s或s。 My grandpa was born in 1910s. 二、主謂一致 謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個句子主謂語是否一致時，要遵循下列三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z法一致”也就是平常說的從語法形式上取得一致，即主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞亦為復數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致問題。主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞依意義而定，也采用復數(shù)形式。“就近一致”是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語保持一致。 考點一　謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 1．主語為表示時間、距離、金錢、度量、容量、書名等整體概念的名詞時。 Ten miles is not a long way for me. 2．由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語，前面由不定代詞every/each/no修飾時。 Every student and every teacher is in the classroom. 3．a(chǎn)nd連接的兩個詞是指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，因而兩個名詞共用一個冠詞時。 The writer and artist has e. Bread and butter is her favourite food. 4．the number of＋復數(shù)名詞作主語時。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800. 5．動名詞（短語）、不定式、從句等作主語時。 What he said is very important for us all. 6．one and a half＋復數(shù)名詞；more than one＋單數(shù)名詞；many a＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時。 More than one student has gone to Beijing. 7．“the＋形容詞”表示一類抽象的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 The new is sure to replace the old. 考點二　謂語動詞用復數(shù)的情況 1．有些集合名詞，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主語，后面的謂語動詞多用復數(shù)形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. 2．“the＋形容詞或分詞”表示某一類人時動詞用復數(shù)。 The old are living a happy life now. 3．由and或both...and...連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，指的是復數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式（不可數(shù)名詞同樣）。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 考點三　謂語動詞單復數(shù)視情況而定 1．集合名詞如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主語時，如果看成一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果側重其成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 The family which is not big like watching football games. 2．主語是單復數(shù)同形的名詞如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等時，視其表達的意義而判斷謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。 A new means has been used by our government. Many means have not e into effect. 3．代詞none，neither，all等作主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。 All our hope has gone. All the students have e on time. 4．population表示“人口”，即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。當它前面有分數(shù)或百分數(shù)時，population是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民，它作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。 The population of Canada is about 29 million. Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers. 考點四　“名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語”作主語時的主謂一致 1．有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語，該短語對謂語動詞不產(chǎn)生影響。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 2．當主語后面跟有with，together with，along with，acpanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等連接的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要與它們前面的主語取得一致。 The singer together with his agent has arrived. 考點五　“名詞（或代詞）＋of＋名詞”作主語時的主謂一致 1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分數(shù)、百分數(shù)＋of＋名詞”等短語作主語時，謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。一般來說，如果of后面所接名詞為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞為復數(shù)；如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語就用單數(shù)形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. Over 30% of the work has been finished. 2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名詞＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等構成的同類型短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 3．“a large amount of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 “l(fā)arge amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。 “a large quantity of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 “a large quantity of＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。 “l(fā)arge quantities of＋不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。 “a good/great deal of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 考點六　就近原則 1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，采用就近一致原則，即謂語動詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. Are either you or your brother going to the party? 2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。 There are some envelopes and paper for you. 考點七　定語從句中的主謂一致 1．在定語從句里，關系代詞that，who，which 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 2．“one of＋復數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結構中，從句中謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad. 3．“the only one of＋復數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結構中，從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.