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1、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 The Present Perfect Tense一 構(gòu)成:have/has+動詞動詞過去分詞過去分詞 (pp)(pp)肯定 主語+have/has + pp否定 主語+have/has not + pp疑問 Have/Has + 主語+ pp+其他 Yes, 主+have/has. No, 主+havent/hasnt.I have finished my homework.I have not finished my homework.Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have./No, I havent.She has b

2、een to Europe.She hasnt been to Europe.Has she been to Europe?Yes, she has./No, she hasnt.1. 規(guī)則動詞：與過去時變化相同。(1) 一般+-ed work-worked-worked(2) 以“ e ”結(jié)尾, + - d 。 live-lived -lived(3) “輔音字母 + y” 結(jié)尾，y 變 i, + -ed。 cry-cried-cried(4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾(輔元輔)，雙寫后+-ed 。 drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不規(guī)則動詞，見不規(guī)則表（p120）動詞動詞過去分詞過去

3、分詞 (pp)(pp)變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則二 含義及用法1 表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事情，過去發(fā)生的動作或事情， 對現(xiàn)在的影響影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果結(jié)果。 yet(否否/疑疑), already 已經(jīng)已經(jīng)ever/never 曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)/從來不從來不 just 剛剛剛剛before 以前以前recently, lately 最近最近in the past/last 5 years 過去五年過去五年by now, so far, up to now, till now 迄今迄今 once, twice 一次一次all/in ones life 某人一生某人一生 （1）already肯定句肯定句: “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)”一

4、般疑問句一般疑問句: 句末句末(表示驚訝的語氣表示驚訝的語氣) “難道難道” Have you had breakfast already？(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))Ive already had breakfast. (更常見) = Ive had breakfast already. 注: 有already的句子在時態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時,判斷時要看該詞后是否有動詞的過去分詞.Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.(2) yet否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒沒)”疑問句疑問句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Have you

5、 had breakfast yet?I havent had breakfast yet.注意：注意：當(dāng)在肯定句中含當(dāng)在肯定句中含alreadyalready或或justjust，變否定時，在句末加，變否定時，在句末加yetyet。 I havent seen the film yet. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet. I have already seen the film. (3) ever肯定句肯定句/疑問句疑問句 : 句中句中 “曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)” Ive ever been to B

6、eijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? (4) never否定句否定句: 句中句中 “從來沒有從來沒有” Ive never been to Beijing.注注: 帶帶ever的肯定句變否定句時的肯定句變否定句時, 將將ever變變neverHe has ever made meal.Have they ever travelled by train?No, never.He has never made meal.帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時可用“No, never.”(5) just用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“剛剛剛剛”Ive just ha

7、d breakfast. What have they just done?(6) before用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前”Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ? BEFORE與與AGO，JUST與與JUST NOWbefore表示現(xiàn)在看來的表示現(xiàn)在看來的“以前以前”，常單獨用于現(xiàn)在完，常單獨用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，成時中，一般不與表示一段時間的詞語連用一般不與表示一段時間的詞語連用，而，而ago表示表示在過去某時間的在過去某時間的“以前以前”，常用，常用“一段時間一段時間+ago”的形式，的形式，與過去時連用；與過去時連用；

8、just常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，多用于句中常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，多用于句中助助動詞之后動詞之后修飾謂語動詞，修飾謂語動詞，just now多與一般過去時連用，多與一般過去時連用，一般用于一般用于句末句末。如：。如： Have you met him before? 你以前見過他嗎？你以前見過他嗎？ My brother met her in the street two days ago. 我哥哥兩天前在街上遇到了她。我哥哥兩天前在街上遇到了她。 I have just had breakfast. 我剛吃過早餐。我剛吃過早餐。 She had breakfast just now. 她剛吃了早餐。

9、她剛吃了早餐。 A: _ your brother _ a new watch? (buy )B: Not yet.Has bought yet A: _ you ever _ to the park? ( be )B: Yes, I have. Have been yet ever I _ never _ of anything like that. (hear )have heard yet ever never Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work )has worked yet ever never

10、 since A: How long _ you _ in this school? (teach )B: For 6 years. have taught yet ever never since for I _ just _ the desk, you can take it to your classroom . (mend )have mended yet ever never since for just _ you _ the Forbidden City (紫禁城) before ? (visit ) Have visited yet ever never since for j

11、ust before He _ already _ a job. (find) has found yet ever never since for just before already We _ only _ the first five questions so far. (discuss ) have discussed yet ever never since for just before already so far They _over 20,000 fruit trees up to now . (plant ) have planted yet ever never sin

12、ce for just before already so far up to now Great changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years. (take place ) have taken place yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years He _ a lot of good things in his life. (do ) has done yet ever never since for just before al

13、ready so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life I _ her lately. ( not see ) havent seen yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately I _ him recently. (not hear from ) havent heard from yet ever never since for just before already so f

14、ar up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently He _ in this city ever since then. (live ) has lived yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently ever since then He _ in this high school till now. (teach ) has taught yet

15、 ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently ever since then till now 2. 表示一個從過去開始，一直持表示一個從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和通常和for或或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。連用。注意：動詞延續(xù)性注意：動詞延續(xù)性（1）for +I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3

16、years. She has worked for 10 hours.一段時間一段時間（2）since + (過去的)時間點時間點I have been here since 2000.He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago?Theyve lived in CQ since they married in 2000. 注1)：since 也可單獨使用, 表示“自那時起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加強(qiáng)語氣。I have been here (ever) since then. 注2)：對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問用how lo

17、ngI have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?注3)：短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，也不能用于how long問句中。 （誤）I have left for 5 years. (正)I have been away for 5 years. 短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換短暫性短暫性(短動詞短動詞)動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連

18、用,但是但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性延續(xù)性(長動詞長動詞)動詞動詞.leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married beSh

19、e has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？ been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inI have got to Paris for one week .been in

20、come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for

21、 3 days. been away for 3 days. come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot

22、tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes. been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been aw

23、ay borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on The concert has finished for half an hour. been over come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finis

24、h have/has been over His dog has died for two years . been dead come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has be

25、en dead She has married for six years . been married come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has been dead mar

26、ry have/has been married eg. a. He has borrowed my English book for two days. (False) b. He has kept my English book for two days. (true ) a. I have bought the new dress since last month. (false) b. I have had the new dress since last month. (true) a. They have left for half an hour . You should com

27、e earlier. (false) b. They have been away for half an hour. You should come earlier. (true) a. How long has the film begin? (false) b. How long has the film been on? (true) a. He is an unlucky boy. His mother has died for several years. (false) b. He is an unlucky boy. His mother has been dead for s

28、everal years. (true) a. He has joined the League since he came to the school. (false) b. He has been a league member since he came to the school. (true)注：注：非延續(xù)性動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時,表示動作已經(jīng)完成，它不能跟段時間。 但它的否定式否定式可以跟段時間狀語連用. Tom has left Beijing. He has borrowed a pen from me. Tom hasnt left Beijing since he came t

29、o this city in 2004. They havent bought any new house since they moved to Shanghai. She hasnt bought any new clothes for a year.三have/has gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回；(去去了未回來了未回來)have/has been to:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語；(去了已回來去了已回來)have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。(狀態(tài)狀態(tài))(曾經(jīng)在，現(xiàn)在還

30、在那里曾經(jīng)在，現(xiàn)在還在那里) Tom 在哪兒？ 他去書店買書了。 我在北京待了5年了。 Jack 去過上海兩次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice. 四四 特殊句型特殊句型1.It is/has been +一段時間一段時間+since+句子句子(一一般過去時般過去時)=一段時間一段時間+has passed +since + 句子句子(一一般過去時般過去時) e.g. It

31、is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.這本書我借了一個月了。I borrowed this book a month ago. (一一般過去時般過去時)It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.(句型句型1 its/been +時間時間 since + 一般過去一般過去)I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago. (現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時)A m

32、onth has passed since I borrowed the book. (句型句型2 時間時間+ passed since+ 一般過去時一般過去時)2. 被形容詞最高級所修飾的名詞后被形容詞最高級所修飾的名詞后的定語從句的定語從句(THAT 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo))中，一般中，一般用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。 This is the most delicious food (that) Ive ever eaten. 這是我所吃過的最美味的食物。 She is the most beautiful girl (that) Ive ever seen. 她是我見過的最美麗的姑娘 3.It i

33、s the first / second time+現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時This is +the最高級最高級+名詞名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。It is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful girlIt was the third time that the boy has been late. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

34、 典型例題(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have comeCORRECTING 1. I have borrowed the book for 3

35、 months. 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch 6. Ten ye

36、ars have passed since they got married. 7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 8.What time have the factory opened? 9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.hashas been indidopenbeen to五五 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時: : 強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，在的影響或結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 一般過去時一般過去時: : 僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)

37、生過這一動作，過這一動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 他已學(xué)英語五年了。他已學(xué)英語五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾學(xué)過五年英語。他曾學(xué)過五年英語。 He studied English for five years. （說明他還會繼續(xù)學(xué)下去）（說明他還會繼續(xù)學(xué)下去） （只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。）（只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。） Ive lived here for ten years. 我在這里住了10年。(現(xiàn)在仍住這兒) I lived here for ten years. 我在這里住過10年。(現(xiàn)在不住這

38、兒了) He has bought a house. 他買了一棟房子。(現(xiàn)在已擁有這房子) He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前買了一棟房子。(現(xiàn)在是否仍擁有這房子不清楚)一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語。顯的時間狀語。 遇到遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過過去某一年，去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般過去時等就用一般過去時 (表過去的時表過去的時間間)當(dāng)有當(dāng)有 so far, in/during/over the past/ last few days(在過去在過去/最近的幾年里最近的幾年里)，since接過去時間狀語或過去時的句子接過去時間狀語或過去時的句子等常用等常用現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 (不能與確定的時間不能與確定的時間)