完形填空專講專練 Friends or Exams 教學目標 1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習，靈活應對各種完形填空題。 名師點撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學習的過程中，語料的積累至關重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學習和提升打下良好的基礎。 親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 一、高頻詞 【課前檢測學生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標記出學生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)—良—差）】 單詞 詞性及詞義 示例 備注 掌握情況 promise v./n.承諾 Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 相關詞：promising disappointed adj. 失望的；遺憾的 Tina was disappointed and angry. 相關詞：disappoint; disappointment surprised adj.驚訝的 She looked up and was surprised to see… 相關詞：surprise; surprising hold v.1)抓住;握住 2)堅持住 3)舉行 4)認為 she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. cheat v.1)欺騙 2)作弊 Lily would get a good grade by cheating. fair adj. 公平的 相關詞：unfair collect v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走 相關詞：collection fail v.1)失敗，未能做到 2)衰退 3)使失望 she was going to fail again! Her eyesight is failing. point n.點；觀點；要點 v.指向；指引 Mr. Reed picked up Lily’s exam paper, pointed to the door and… leave v. 1)離開 2)留下 3)丟下 leaving hints to my parents I left my bag on the bus. stop v.1)(使)停止;結束 2)阻止 n.1)停止 2)車站 When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her. understand v.理解 相關詞：understanding; understandable forgive v.原諒 save v. 1)救助 2)攢錢 support v. 1)支持 2)支撐 3)養(yǎng)活 相關詞：supporter regretful adj.后悔的；遺憾的 相關詞：regret silently adv.悄悄地；無聲地 相關詞：silent patiently adv.耐心地 相關詞：patient; patience boring adj.無聊的 相關詞：bored; boredom fortable adj.舒服的；舒適的 相關詞：fort; fortably instruction n.1)指示 2)用法說明 相關詞：instruct refuse v.拒絕 believe v.相信 相關詞：belief praise v./n.贊揚；贊美 look up 抬頭往上看；查閱；尊敬 think of 認為；考慮 pick up 1)拿起；撿起 2)偶然學會 3)開車去接 stare at 盯著看；凝視 二、長難句 【課前檢測學生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。可以根據(jù)提示分析句子結構完成句子翻譯。】 1. While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five. 結構分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句前半句含有“狀語從句省略結構”，后半句含有“find + it(形式賓語)+adj.+ to do(真正的賓語)”結構，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)做…很…”。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 在參加考試時，Tina發(fā)現(xiàn)第五題很難回答。 仿句練習：在學習過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)成好的習慣很重要。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ While studying, I find it important to develop good habits. 2. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. 結構分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有“when”引導的時間狀語從句，表示“當…時”，從句中含有“see sb. doing sth.”結構。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 當她看到Lily在桌子底下拿著手機時，Tina正在做最后一題。 仿句練習：我看見他正在街上散步。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ I saw him walking in the street. 3. I knew it was stupid, but I was reading 39 from my mom to see how it was going. 結構分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句大的結構是“but”連接的并列句，前半句含有省略that的賓語從句；后半句含有“to do”表目的的結構和how引導的賓語從句。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 我知道這么做很愚蠢，但是當時我正在讀來自我媽媽的_____去了解事情進展的怎樣。 仿句練習：為了能夠被重點大學錄取，我們需要好好學習。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ We need to work hard to be accepted by the key universities. 方法篇 “方法得當, 事半功倍。”只有語料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、完形填空解題步驟 第一步 通讀全文，把握脈絡 跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調的重點是but后面的內容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。 第二步 瞻前顧后，上下求索 聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞。【具體的解題策略會在下一部分詳細描述】 第三步 再讀文章，核查答案 代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到： 結構正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。 二、完形填空解題策略 方法 方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法 解釋 “詞匯復現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結和分解關系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。 例題 例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！? 例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _________. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working 【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】 方法 方法二：上下文推理法 解釋 “上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。 例題 例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B?！? 方法 方法三：邏輯推理法 解釋 “邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。 例題 例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉折關系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！? 方法 方法四：文化背景常識法 解釋 “文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關，有些內容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調動相關知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。 例題 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。 第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！? 方法 方法五：固定搭配法 解釋 完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。 例題 例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D。】 例2：…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D?！? 語篇精講 障礙閱讀 【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導學生在障礙閱讀的前提下領悟文章的主要意思，防止學生理解跑偏】 （海淀二模）Friends or Exams Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. But for two weeks, Lily didn’t answer any of her calls or messages. Tina was disappointed and angry. While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily holding her 32 under the table and reading from it. Lily would get a good grade by cheating. It wasn’t fair! Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher. But what would everyone else think of her? Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadn’t 33 it and she was going to fail again! At lunch time, Tina wanted to talk to Lily but couldn’t find her. Tina thought about 34 the teacher, but everyone would hate her if she did that. “It wasn’t fair!” she thought. Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed…” Tina 35 him. That afternoon, Tina was sitting behind Lily in the history exam. Lily didn’t take her phone out. Maybe she didn’t need to cheat at history. Tina felt a little 36 that she had told Mr. Reed. But it was too late now. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didn’t hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. Mr. Reed picked up Lily’s exam paper, pointed to the door and told her to go outside. Everyone was staring at Lily and Tina felt really sorry now. When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her “Tina, I’m really sorry I didn’t answer your calls, but my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and he’s in hospital. He had a big operation today and I was very worried. I knew it was stupid, but I was reading 39 from my mom to see how it was going. Mr. Reed caught me. He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. I’m sorry I didn’t tell you what was happening. I know you’re a good friend. Will you forgive me?" 文章大意為（只給出關鍵詞即可）________________________________________________________________ 參考關鍵詞：Tina; Lily; friend; exam; phone; cheat; dad; operation 參考答案： While taking exams, Tina found her friend Lily holding her phone. She felt it was unfair so she told this to her teacher and in the next exam, the teacher caught Lily. But after the exam she knew that Lily didn’t cheat and she was just reading messages form her mother, because her father was having a big operation in hospital. 【注：程度比較好的學生可以進行無選項填空訓練】 語篇練習 話題 體裁 詞數(shù) 建議用時 實際用時 正確率 難度 人物故事類 記敘文 399 12-15分鐘 __/10 （海淀二模）Friends or Exams Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. But for two weeks, Lily didn’t answer any of her calls or messages. Tina was disappointed and angry. While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily holding her 32 under the table and reading from it. Lily would get a good grade by cheating. It wasn’t fair! Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher. But what would everyone else think of her? Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadn’t 33 it and she was going to fail again! At lunch time, Tina wanted to talk to Lily but couldn’t find her. Tina thought about 34 the teacher, but everyone would hate her if she did that. “It wasn’t fair!” she thought. Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed…” Tina 35 him. That afternoon, Tina was sitting behind Lily in the history exam. Lily didn’t take her phone out. Maybe she didn’t need to cheat at history. Tina felt a little 36 that she had told Mr. Reed. But it was too late now. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didn’t hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. Mr. Reed picked up Lily’s exam paper, pointed to the door and told her to go outside. Everyone was staring at Lily and Tina felt really sorry now. When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her “Tina, I m really sorry I didn’t answer your calls, but my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and he’s in hospital. He had a big operation today and I was very worried. I knew it was stupid, but I was reading 39 from my mom to see how it was going. Mr. Reed caught me. He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. I’m sorry I didn’t tell you what was happening. I know you’re a good friend. Will you forgive me?" 31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name 32. A. book B. dictionary C. camera D. phone 33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built 34. A. telling B. asking C. leaving D. watching 35. A. saved B. supported C. stopped D. served 36. A. wonderful B. useful C. harmful D. regretful 37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently 38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. fortable 39. A. instructions B. papers C. signs D. messages 40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises 語篇精講： 參考答案：31—35 BDAAC 36—40 DCADB 文章大意：While taking exams, Tina found her friend Lily holding her phone. She felt it was unfair so she told this to her teacher and in the next exam, the teacher caught Lily. But after the exam she knew that Lily didn’t cheat and she was just reading messages form her mother, because her father was having a big operation in hospital. 答案解析： 31. 通過上文“Physics was first and she hated physics”可知她不喜歡物理，因此可知物理是她最不擅長的科目。另外可根據(jù)physics 是subject的下義詞，判斷出來選B。 32. 通過后文第四段“Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.”，根據(jù)再次出現(xiàn)的phone，故選D。 33. 通過上文“Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers.”和下文“she was going to fail again!”，可知老師開始收考卷，而她又感覺會再次不及格，可推斷出她并沒有完成考卷。故選A。 34. 通過語境可知Tina發(fā)現(xiàn)Lily考試的時候拿手機，再結合上文“Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher.”，可推斷出Tina想把這件事告訴老師，故選A。 35. 通過上文“Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed…””，可知老師從她身邊走過，她叫住老師，讓老師“停下”。故選C。 36. 通過上文可知Tina把Lily考試時看手機的事情告訴了老師但是“Lily didn’t take her phone out.”，因此可推斷出Tina的感受應該是后悔的。故選D。 37. 通過上文可知Tina再次發(fā)現(xiàn)Lily考試時看手機并點頭示意老師，再結合生活常識可知老師去抓“作弊”的學生時應該是“靜悄悄地”； 另外也可根據(jù)“…didn’t hear Mr. Reed”可以判斷出走路聲是很小的。故選C。 38. 通過下文“My dad had a heart attack and he’s in hospital.”可知Lily的父親心臟病發(fā)作住院了，因此可推斷出她家正出于比較糟糕的時間。故選A。 39. 通過上文“He had a big operation today”和下文“…to see how it was going”，可知Lily父親在做手術，她看手機是為了通過媽媽發(fā)來的信息了解父親手術的情況，故選D。 40. 通過上文“He thought I was cheating. ”和連詞轉折連詞“But ”，可知老師也誤會她作弊但是老師已經(jīng)理解她了，并且通過“and”可知此空的詞匯應該和“and”后的“understand”在感情色彩上保持一致，故選B。 精講筆記 【學生在教師的指導下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】 語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運用（鼓勵學生用所學詞匯造句） realize … 語篇中的學到的方法 【根據(jù)具體教學情況歸納總結】【至少掌握2個】 方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法 如：本篇文章中的32. (phone)… 方法二：上下文邏輯推理法 方法三：邏輯推理法 方法四：文化背景常識法 方法五：固定搭配法 能力提升 基礎過關 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 單詞 詞性及詞義 備注 1 __________ v./n.承諾 2 __________ adj. 失望的；遺憾的 3 __________ adj.驚訝的 4 __________ v.1)抓住;握住 2)舉行 5 __________ v.1)欺騙 2)作弊 6 __________ adj. 公平的 反義詞：__________ 7 __________ v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走 名詞：__________ 8 __________ v.失敗，未能做到 9 __________ v.指向；指引 10 __________ v.離開 11 stop v. __________ n. __________ 12 __________ v.理解 名詞：__________ 13 forgive __________ 14 save __________ 15 support __________ 16 regretful __________ 17 silently __________ 18 __________ adv.耐心地 19 __________ adj.無聊的 20 __________ adj.舒服的；舒適的 21 instruction __________ 22 __________ v.拒絕 23 __________ v.相信 24 __________ v./n.贊揚；贊美 25 look up __________ 26 think of __________ 27 pick up __________ 28 stare at __________ 二、句子翻譯 1. 她的朋友Lily承諾說幫助她學習準備物理考試。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 在參加考試時，Tina發(fā)現(xiàn)第五題很難回答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 她抬頭看，吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)Lily的手在桌子底下拿著手機。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 當她看到Lily在桌子底下拿著手機時，Tina正在做最后一題。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Mr. Reed 拿起Lily的試卷，指著門口，讓她走出去。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 完形練習 （海淀二模）Ever since I was very young, I have looked to my parents and grandparents, friends and teachers for guidance. I ask them for answers to everything. Afraid to make a 31 ，I’ve asked countless times, “What should I do?” Maybe I was 32 to take my first baby step on my own. I decided I only wanted to do things the “right” way, even if it meant not doing something. Sometime during my high school years, I 33 . Maybe it was when I decided to try for the lead in “Beauty and the Beast”. Never mind that I would have to memorize lines and movements, I would take the chance that I might fail. The day of tryouts my heart was beating fast. My hands were 34 badly when I got up to sing. But something happened. When I opened my mouth to sing, the sound was loud, powerful and sweet. I reached for the high notes that sometimes were beyond my reach. With no break in my voice, I was trying to do my best even though I might 35 . But I didn’t. I realized that if I wanted to live life to the fullest, I had to take chances. Now, I do take these chances with baby steps every day, 36 my opinions in class discussions or debates, performing in other school plays. I have finally learned to 37 myself. I’m taking a tough science course right now. Some of my friends are talking about auditing (旁聽) the class so a low grade won’t affect their opportunities for college. I’m taking the chance that if I try 38 enough, I’ll get a good grade so that it won’t lower my strong grades in other subjects. I have e to realize that even though my parents and grandparents, friends and teachers don’t always have the 39 to “What should I do?”, they will be there to support me when I try. “Life is learning to deal with Plan B,” my mother told me. But I now know that the Plan A I make for my life will bee easier with every 40 I take. 31. A. wish B. mistake C. noise D. promise 32. A. afraid B. ready C. happy D. lazy 33. A. travelled B. regretted C. changed D. waited 34. A. knocking B. moving C. aching D. shaking 35. A. miss B. doubt C. turn D. fail 36. A. hiding B. voicing C. choosing D. guessing 37. A. fort B. excuse C. push D. enjoy 38. A. fast B. hard C. early D. well 39. A. answer B. plan C. letter D. hope 40. A. break B. minute C. chance D. class 參考答案 基礎過關一、詞匯/短語翻譯 單詞 詞性及詞義 備注 1 promise v./n.承諾 2 disappointed adj. 失望的；遺憾的 3 surprised adj.驚訝的 4 hold v.1)抓住;握住 2)舉行 5 cheat v.1)欺騙 2)作弊 6 fair adj. 公平的 反義詞：unfair 7 collect v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走 名詞：collection 8 fail v.失敗，未能做到 9 point v.指向；指引 10 leave v.離開 11 stop v.1)(使)停止2)阻止n.1)停止 2)車站 12 understand v.理解 名詞：understanding 13 forgive v.原諒 14 save v. 1)救助 2)攢錢 15 support v. 1)支持 2)支撐 3)養(yǎng)活 16 regretful adj.后悔的；遺憾的 17 silently adv.悄悄地；無聲地 18 patiently adv.耐心地 19 boring adj.無聊的 20 fortable adj.舒服的；舒適的 21 instruction n.1)指示 2)用法說明 22 refuse v.拒絕 23 believe v.相信 24 praise v./n.贊揚；贊美 25 look up 抬頭往上看；查閱；尊敬 26 think of 認為；考慮 27 pick up 1)拿起；撿起 2)偶然學會 3)開車去接 28 stare at 盯著看；凝視 二、句子翻譯 1. Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 2. While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five. 3. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily holding her phone under the table. 4. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. 5. Mr. Reed picked up Lily’s exam paper, pointed to the door and told her to go outside. 完形練習31—35 BACDD 36—40 BCBAC