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2019-2020年高考英語一輪 課時作業(yè)(四十) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 新人教版選修8 閱讀理解----A[xx山東卷] One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire，” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane. Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was pleted. The 12 volumes defined 414，825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 16. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary________． A. came out before Minor died B. was edited by an American volunteer C. included the English words invented by Murray D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary 17. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary? A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. C. He provided a great number of words and quotations. D. He went to England to work with Murray. 18. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford? A. He was shut in an asylum. B. He lived far from Oxford. C. He was busy writing a book. D. He disliked traveling. 19. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because________． A. they both served in the Civil War B. they had a mon interest in words C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor 20. Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor? A. Brave and determined. B. Cautious and friendly. C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Unusual and scholarly. 21. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The history of the English language. B. The friendship between Murray and Minor. C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. B In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States，many Americans are turning to Japan，a country of high academic achievement and economic success，for possible answers.However，the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find.In most Japanese preschools，surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.In one investigation(調(diào)查)，300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers，child development specialists，and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education.Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents(答問卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.On the contrary，over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices.To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence(毅力)，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent parison of Japanese and American preschool education，91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.Sixtytwo percent of the more individually oriented(強調(diào)個性發(fā)展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices.A stress on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into primary school education. Like in America，there is diversity(多樣性) in Japanese early childhood education.Some Japanese kindergartens have clear aims，such as early musical training or potential development.In large cities，some kindergartens are attached to universities that have primary and middle schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a universitybased program，it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to toprated schools and universities.Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing(智力化) in some Japanese kindergartens. 22．We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________． A．Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents B．Japans economic success is the result of its scientific achievements C．Japanese preschool education attaches greater importance to academic instruction D．Japans higher education is better than theirs 23．In Japans preschool education，the focus is on ________． A．preparing children academically B．developing childrens interests in music C．discovering childrens potential D．shaping childrens character 24．Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________． A．lighten childrens study load B．encourage childrens creativity C．broaden childrens views D．enrich childrens knowledge 25．Why do some Japanese parents send their children to universitybased kindergartens? A．They can have no problems in their future studies. B．They can have clear aims in life. C．They can succeed in developing in every way. D．They can have better chances of getting a firstrate education. Ⅲ.書面表達 假如你是李華，你校學生會于2013年2月15日下午舉行“校園書市(a campus book fair)”活動。請你寫封email給你的美國筆友Peter，告訴他此次活動的有關情況。 1．活動目的：(1)給同學們提供一個交換圖書的機會； (2)更好地利用讀過的書。 2．具體內(nèi)容：(1)把你不想保留的書拿到書市上出售； (2)購買你喜歡的書；(3)交換圖書。 3．談談你的感想、收獲和體會。 注意：1.文章開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 2．詞數(shù)：120左右。 Hello Peter！How are you going these days? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to hearing from you! Love， Li Hua 參考答案 課時作業(yè)(四十) Ⅱ.A 這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了第一本牛津詞典的編寫過程，以及Minor對詞典的編寫工作所作出的巨大貢獻。 16．D　細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的“Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was pleted.”看出A選項是不正確的；從第二段的“Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England.”看出牛津詞典是集體智慧的結晶；由第一段最后一句中“It would include every English word possible”可知，C項不正確。故選D。 17．C　細節(jié)理解題。從第三段的“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray”看出，Minor提供了大量詞匯和引文。故選C。 18．A　細節(jié)理解題。從第四段的“Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”看出，是由于Minor患精神病被關進醫(yī)院里，所以沒有辦法去牛津。故選A。 19．B　細節(jié)理解題。從第二段Minor自愿加入編詞典這個活動可知，他對此很感興趣，與Murray有著共同的興趣，再從文章倒數(shù)第三段的“Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years.”可找到答案。故選B。 20．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中Minor在患精神病住院期間還堅持詞典的編寫工作看出他的不尋常；從文章倒數(shù)第三段的“Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years.”看出他的學者風范。故選D。 21．C　主旨大意題。文章一開始主要介紹由來自英國、美國和英國殖民地的志愿者參加牛津詞典的編寫工作，后半部分主要寫編者Minor對詞典的編寫工作所作出的巨大貢獻。故選C。 B 這是一篇講述日本學前教育的材料，文章指出日本學前教育的側重點和對集體主義的重視，以及教育內(nèi)容的豐富多樣性。 22．C　事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段“…the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.”可知，美國人的看法應該是日本的學前教育非常重視專業(yè)技術知識的傳授，因此C項是正確答案。 23．D　事實細節(jié)題。由第一段倒數(shù)第二句“To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.”可知，在日本的學前教育中，老師并不教孩子讀寫和數(shù)學，而是重視培養(yǎng)孩子的素質(zhì)，教育孩子們學會持之以恒、集中精力，并能融入集體之中。所以D項正確。 24．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“…introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.”可推測free play是用來減輕學生學習壓力的，所以A項正確。 25．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句“…it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to toprated schools and universities.”可知，孩子們參加universitybased項目可以有更好的機會得到高等教育。故D項正確。 Ⅲ.One possible version： Hello Peter！How are you going these days? In order to provide us students with an opportunity to exchange books and make better use of our used books, our Students Union held a campus book fair on the afternoon of February 15，xx. At the book fair, students could sell unwanted books, buy books they needed or simply trade books with each other. Like other fairs of this kind, prices were typically very low. Happily, I not only got rid of several books but also bought a few books I really wanted. As far as Im concerned, I like this activity, which is beneficial to us students. On the one hand, I felt my social skills had been well practiced and improved. On the other hand, this activity also gave us an excellent opportunity to feel a bit of the real world. I wish more events like this book fair would be held in our school. Looking forward to hearing from you! Love， Li Hua 良好的人際關系是構建和諧社會的關鍵。假設你是李華，最近你校組織學生圍繞“中學生如何交友？”這一話題展開討論。請根據(jù)下表的提示，為某英語報的“Voice Your Opinions”欄目寫一篇稿件，反映你們討論的情況，并談談你對如何交友的看法。 為何交友 建立良好的人際關系，構建和諧社會 交友對象 學習上 互相學習，共同進步 生活上 互相幫助，擺脫煩惱 情感上 互相交流，同甘共苦 如何交友 （提出你的建議） 注意：1．對所給要點逐一陳述，適當發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯； 2．詞數(shù)120左右，開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)； 3．參考詞匯：和諧的harmonious Recently we students had a heated discussion on how to make friends.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 參考范文： Recently_we_students_had_a_heated_discussion_on_how_to_make_friends.As well all know，good relationship plays an important role in building a harmonious society. Many of us think we should make friends with those who can help us with our studies so that we can learn from each other and make greater progress.Others believe they should have friends who can help them deal with some problems in life.Still others hold that they should have friends who are willing to listen to them and share their joys and sorrows. In my opinion，to make friends，we should be friendly and helpful to others.Besides，we should learn to care about others and listen to them patiently.In brief，true friends are like sunshine that brightens our life. ***********************************************************結束 閱讀理解 The crops we produce in the UK and around the world could change with climate.The weather is an important part in farming and changes in temperature will strongly affect crops’ growth. For the UK，temperature rises look likely to mean the crops normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown further north.The UN believes there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.This would be similar to the south of England in 2060，having the kind of weather the Loire Valley，in France，experiences now. Due to an increase in drought and heat waves，the types of crops grown in the UK will have to change，which doesn’t have to be a bad thing for us.Products which haven’t been farmed over here before，such as sweet corn，sunflowers，and maize for cereals，could all provide new business for farmers—certainly in the southeast. However，if farming practices do change in this country，procedures will have to be put in place beforehand as introducing something new to farmland involves a lot of preparations.Also，irrigation systems may need to be improved so that rain from winter can be stored for summer as it is hot. Researchers are already finding those pests，such as aphids，which are starting to hatch earlier in the year.In the last 10—15 years they’ve been arriving in spring time and the population of aphids appears to be growing，too. Aphids are a real problem as they can cause so much damage to crops，and if they’re arriving earlier in the year especially when the crops are fragile，they can cause more damage than they used to. 16．It is quite possible that the author es from ________. A．the UK B．the UN C．France D．Scotland 17．The underlined word “This” in the second paragraph means________. A．the kind of weather the Loire Valley，in France，experiences now B．the south of England in 2060 will have the kind of weather C．the UN’s belief that there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming D．the UK’s temperature rises meaning the crops growing in the south will be able to be grown further north 18．The main idea of this passage is that________. A．the crops raised in the south will be transplanted to the north in 2060 B．temperature rises will bring about either good or bad effects C．the climate has a strong influence on crops D．global warming causes more positive effects than negative ones 19．To go well with the changes of farming practices as a farmer，________. A．one must be prepared beforehand for farming procedures B．one can do nothing but beg for the God’s mercy C．one should build more irrigation systems D．one will have to kill more pests，for example，aphids 20．Which is the correct order of the following things according to the article? a．The temperature goes up. b．The aphid hatches earlier. c．The aphid population increases. d．The fragile crops are eaten up. A．a(chǎn)，b，c，d B．b，c，a，d C．a(chǎn)，c，d，b D．a(chǎn)，b，d，c Ⅲ.書面表達 假如你是李華，負責接待來你校訪問的英國教育代表團。請你用英文完成一篇口頭通知，告知他們今明兩天的安排。內(nèi)容如下：今天上午由你帶著參觀學校；中午在餐廳和同學們一起吃午飯；下午由代表團的英國老師John為高二四班上一節(jié)英國地理課。明天上午代表團團長Taylor先生在報告廳作關于英國教育情況的講座；下午參觀邯鄲市博物館和叢臺公園。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，必須包含以上所有要點； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭已寫好，但不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：代表團 delegation Ladies and gentlemen，may I have your attention please？_________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A 參考范文 Ladies and gentlemen,may I have your attention please? Wele to our school! Here is a arrangement for your visit.This morning,I’m going to show you around our school.During lunch time,you will have dinner with some students in the school dining hall,where you can have a free talk with students from different classes.This afternoon,students of Class 4,Grade 2 will enjoy a lesson about British geography,given by Mr.John.Tomorrow morning,Mr.Taylor,leader of the delegation,will give a lecture about the education of Britain in the lecture hall.After lunch,we will visit the Handan Museum as well as the Congtai Park.That’s all.Thank you.Any questions?