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1、Part 2 Of 210. run out of 用完,耗盡 (=use up) We have run out of petrol. 我們的汽油已用完了。 What can we use as fuel if we run out of all the energy? 如果所有的能源都用完了,我們能用什么 作燃料？run out (某物)用完,沒有了run across 偶然碰見run at 向沖去,突然攻擊run away 逃走,迅速離開run over 壓過,復(fù)習(xí)Oh, my ink is running out.哦！我的墨水快用完了。I ran across some old let

2、ters when I was looking for something else.當(dāng)我在找別的東西時(shí),我無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾封舊信。He ran at me and grasped my hair and my shoulder.他朝我直撲過來,揪住我的頭發(fā),抓住我的肩膀。He has run away with (stealing) my most valuable books.他偷了我一些非常珍貴的書跑掉了。The water ran over the edge of the basin.水從盆邊上溢出來了。Youd better run over these texts before yo

3、u go.你走之前最好把這些課文粗略看一遍。1. 逃學(xué)的兒童很少。 Few boys _ school.2. 我們的啤酒很快就喝完了。 We are fast _ beer.3. 讓我們把今天的課再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一遍。 Lets _ todays lessons.run away fromrunning out ofrun over11. 有關(guān)break的短語break away (from sb. / sth.) 脫離,掙脫break down (因故障等)失靈,失效break in 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入屋內(nèi),打斷break into 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入某處break out 突然發(fā)生break through 突破,強(qiáng)行

4、穿過break up 解散,瓦解They broke away from the guards.他們擺脫看守逃跑了。The machine broke down. 機(jī)器壞了。Listen attentively; dont break in so often.注意聽,別老是插嘴。We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.我們把鑰匙丟了,只好破門而入。A fire broke out near here yesterday.昨天此地附近發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。Scientists say they are beginning to bre

5、ak throughin the fight against cancer.科學(xué)家們說,他們?cè)诜乐伟┌Y方面開始有所突破。The policeman broke up the fight.警察制止了這場(chǎng)斗毆。英語中表示“爆發(fā),發(fā)生,進(jìn)行”等意義的詞或詞組均屬于不及物,因此均不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常用的有：burst (感情等)突然發(fā)作；burst forth 向前迸發(fā)；burst out 突然發(fā)作(后常接doing)；burst into 突然發(fā)作(后常接名詞)；break out 爆發(fā)；happen 發(fā)生；take place 發(fā)生；go on 發(fā)生,進(jìn)行；get on 進(jìn)行。1. 這時(shí)我乘坐的汽

6、車壞了。 Then the car I was in _.2. 你必須改掉這樣的壞習(xí)慣。 You must _ such bad habits.broke downbreak away from12. go through通過,穿過 It took us a whole week to go through the great forest. 我們花了整整一星期才穿過一大片森林。 The rain has gone through my coat. 雨水濕透了我的上衣。仔細(xì)查閱,詳細(xì)討論 The police went through the pockets of the thief. 警察仔

7、細(xì)搜查了小偷的口袋。 Lets go through the argument again. 讓我們將這些論據(jù)再詳細(xì)討論一遍。經(jīng)歷,遭受 She went through a lot of suffering when she was ill. 她生病時(shí)受了不少罪。 The old man went through the sufferings during the war. 這老人在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間經(jīng)歷過很多苦難。完成,用光 He went through his salary in three days. 他3天內(nèi)把工資花光了。 Since we have started it we shall

8、have to go through with it. 既然我們已經(jīng)開始干,我們就要干到底。get through 完成；及格,過關(guān)get through (to sb.) (與某人)(電話)聯(lián)系上put sb. through (to sb.) 為某人接通(打給某個(gè)人的)電話get through with sth. 完成(工作等)look through sth. 快速檢查/閱讀某事物look sth. through 仔細(xì)檢查某事物 see through sb. / sth. 看穿、識(shí)破某人/事see sb. through sth. 幫助、支持某人(渡過難關(guān)等)sweep throu

9、gh 蔓延,席卷用through的相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Her courage and good humour _ her _ the bad times.2. I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt _.3. I _the newspaper but didnt find any ads for that product.4. Youd better _ the letters you received yesterday.sawthroughget throughlooked / went throughgo

10、 through13. back away from, back down (off), back out 與back up back away from 因害怕或厭惡而后退 Dont back away from this chance. 不要放棄這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。back down (off) 放棄,屈服 He proved that he was right and his critics had to back down. 他證明了他是正確的,而那些為難他的人不得 不收起他們那一套。back out (of sth.) 不履行(協(xié)議,承諾等) He has decided to back ou

11、t of the scheme. 他決定退出這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。back sb. / sth. up 支持或鼓勵(lì)某人/某物 If I tell the police I was with you that day, will you back me up? 假若我對(duì)警方說那天我和你在一起,你肯為我 這個(gè)說法作證嗎？1. But its worth waiting for. 但是這值得等待。 be worth doing 值得做 The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 be worth后面要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng) 意義。 注意以下句型： be worth doing=b

12、e worthy to be done =be worthy of being done This problem is not worth worrying about. =This problem is not worthy to be worried about. =This problem is not worthy of being worried about. 這個(gè)問題不值得擔(dān)心。be worth 5 dollars 值5美元be well worth doing 非常值得做1. 這部電影很值得再看一次。 _2. 這個(gè)問題不值得討論。 _This film is well wort

13、h seeing a second time.The problem is not worth discussing.2. many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true. 他們中的許多人認(rèn)為馬可寫的有關(guān)中國(guó) 的故事太離奇而不可信。 too to 太以至于不能，表示否 定(可以用so that來改寫)。原句可改寫為：many of them thought that Marcos stories aboutChina were so fantastic that they we

14、re not true. The book is too difficult for him to read. (=The book is so difficult that he can not read it.) 這本書對(duì)他來說太難讀了。too not to do “太而不能不”,表肯定。 You are too angry not to say it. 你在氣憤之下，不免會(huì)說出這樣的話來。 He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么細(xì)心，不會(huì)沒有注意到這一點(diǎn)的。not/never tooto “并非太而不能”， 表示肯定。 It is ne

15、ver too late to learn. 諺學(xué)習(xí)在任何時(shí)候都不會(huì)晚。 (活到老，學(xué)到老。)can not/nevertoo無論怎樣也不過分 You cant praise Einstein too much. 你無論怎樣贊揚(yáng)愛因斯坦都不為過。1.盒子太小不能裝下所有的東西。The box is _ _ _ _ all the things.2.他非常聰明，一定能解決這個(gè)問題。He is _ _ _ _ _ the problem.3.我們是無論怎樣感激你也不算過分。We _ _ you too much.too small to holdtoo wise not to solvecant

16、appreciate3. I do not think I can write more. 我認(rèn)為我再也不能寫了。 I dont think (that) 我認(rèn)為不 當(dāng)主語是第一人稱,謂語動(dòng)詞think / expect / suppose / believe / be sure / fancy / guess / imagine等后接的賓語從句出現(xiàn)否定時(shí),只能將 否定前移到主句,即I dont think / expect/ suppose / believe (that) I dont think he will be that foolish, will he? 我想他是不會(huì)那么愚蠢的,

17、會(huì)嗎?1. 我想他今晚不會(huì)來了,會(huì)嗎? _2. 我想她不會(huì)拒絕你的邀請(qǐng)的。 _I dont think he will come tonight, will he?I dont suppose she will refuse your invitation.利用復(fù)合句提高句子檔次利用復(fù)合句提高句子檔次 有的學(xué)生在作文中使用過多簡(jiǎn)單句，成了簡(jiǎn)單句堆砌；有的寫復(fù)雜句時(shí)，動(dòng)輒用so, and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用一些表示從屬關(guān)系的連接詞，如 who, which, that, becau

18、se, since, although, after, as, before, when, whenever, if, unless, as if等利用復(fù)合句來豐富句型，同時(shí)還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。在應(yīng)試寫作時(shí)，應(yīng)盡可能地運(yùn)用復(fù)合句以使文章更有邏輯性，同時(shí)也提高了文章的檔次。如：【例【例1】Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is

19、 a widely accepted fact. 這段文字用簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。如果使用連接詞，將簡(jiǎn)單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達(dá)得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。 It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true. 【例【例2】 Th

20、e Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in springtime it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered. 此句用and把三個(gè)分句一貫到底，單調(diào)乏味。如果使用了關(guān)系代詞which，語義就會(huì)更連貫，語言也會(huì)更流暢。 The Mississippi River, which is one of the longest rivers in the world, often overflows its b

21、anks in springtime, endangering the lives of many people. 此外，要寫好復(fù)合句，一定要注意所寫復(fù)合句符合英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)及復(fù)合句中句子成分的完整。 如“聽到喊聲，他跑出了屋子?！保绻灰粚?duì)譯，則容易誤譯為： When heard the cry, he ran out of the house. 從句與簡(jiǎn)單句一樣，須講究句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，只不過從句前有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)從句的連詞而已。在when heard中，很明顯，缺少主語，需在when后加上he。一、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 1. I am very interested in _ he has

22、improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 2. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 3. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. howthatunless 4. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.5. _ you have done might do harm to other people.thatW

23、hat 二、把下列每組句子轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)合句1. This is our only request. This problem should be settled as soon as possible._2. I have spare time. I will go to see you._ This is our only request that this problem should be settled as soon as possible. If I have spare time, I will go to see you. 3. You study hard. You will p

24、ass the exam. (only if)_4. All his friends came to the party. This made Tom pleased._ Only if you study hard will you pass the exam. All his friends came to the party, which made Tom pleased.三、按括號(hào)中的提示翻譯下列句子1. 只要我們不失去信心，我們會(huì)找到克服困難的方法。(狀語從句)_2. 成功屬于那些努力工作的人。(定語從句)_ As long as we dont lose heart, well f

25、ind a way to overcome the difficulty. Success belongs to those who apply themselves to work. 3. 據(jù)報(bào)道這個(gè)國(guó)家三分之一的城市缺水。(主語從句)_4. 所有的這些都表明，我們的國(guó)家越來越富強(qiáng)。(賓語從句)_ It is reported that onethird of the cities in the country are short of water supply. All these show that our country is becoming stronger and stronger.