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1、定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí) 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句（定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。等。關(guān)系副詞有：關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why等。等。先行詞是先行詞是物物先行詞是先行詞是人人定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間時(shí)

2、間狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主主賓賓主主賓賓關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞which thatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞wherewhen注：注：1.介詞提前時(shí)一般只用介詞提前時(shí)一般只用which和和whom。 2.whose+名詞名詞=the+名詞名詞+of which/ of whomThis is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shak

3、espeare was born in. (1) 如果先行詞是如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用代詞一般只用that，不用，不用which。例如：。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we r

4、emembered in our school.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that 和和which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(3) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用詞常用that, 不用不用which, who，或，或whom。例如：。例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before .這

5、是以前從未上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇。這是以前從未上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我們必須要考慮啟動(dòng)我們工作的第一件事。我們必須要考慮啟動(dòng)我們工作的第一件事。 2. 2. 宜用宜用whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的介詞提前時(shí)，要用當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的介詞提前時(shí)，要用which。The house in which th

6、ey lived last yearhas been rebuilt.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用which。He bought a railway ticket for the woman,which helped her a lot.as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 由由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和和which可可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或或and that。As一般放一般放在句首，在句首，which在句中。在句中。 As we know, smoking is har

7、mful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. heIt rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. itas 和和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩

8、個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有有“正正如如，正像，正像”的意思的意思(2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；

9、若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。(3)當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用修飾時(shí)，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：注意：當(dāng)先行詞由當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。所

10、引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子?；槎Y上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一：方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物及物動(dòng)詞后

11、面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯(cuò)判斷改錯(cuò)1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. Thi

12、s is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.FFTT方法二：方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、主、謂、賓、定、狀定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the

13、 one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one例例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌鹤優(yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌鹤優(yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)

14、，既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句而句2中中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因，又因 in the museum詞組，可詞組，可用介詞用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞

15、(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)) 。 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句1定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句(2)

16、 The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句2定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just d

17、ied is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonde

18、rful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. Exercises1.Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy.A. what B. that C. who D. which2. Loo

19、k at the watch. Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day? A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that 3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 4. The weather turned out to be very good, _ w

20、as more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _ he grew up as a child. A.which B. where C. that D. when 6. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think i

21、t is C. which I think it D. I think which is7. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. which B. it C. she D. he8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What9.Is this the only reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that he explained B. what he explainedC. why he explained D. which he explainedHomework Summarize the rules of attributive clause.