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1、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)高中知識點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)LOGOPart 1Part 1 動詞語態(tài)時態(tài)主動動詞時態(tài)（謂） 時時 時態(tài)時態(tài) 體體現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來過去將來過去將來標(biāo)志標(biāo)志一般一般V/三單Vp.will Vwould V進(jìn)行進(jìn)行am/is/arev-ingwas/werev-ingwill bev-ingwould bev-ingbe v-ing完成完成have/hasp.phadp.pwill havep.pwould havep.phave p.p完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeen v-inghave been v-ing被動動詞時態(tài)（謂） 時時 時態(tài)時態(tài) 體體 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來過去

2、將來過去將來標(biāo)志標(biāo)志一般一般進(jìn)行進(jìn)行be v-ing完成完成have p.p完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行have been v-ing一般體：表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí) 狀語從句主將從現(xiàn) 條件 if/unless/even if 時間 when/before/until/as soon as/the moment/once 讓步 no matter wh-/wh-ever 一般過去時 表示“剛才，在過去”，暗示現(xiàn)在“已不在這樣” 一般將來時 will be going to + V be about to + V be to + V 一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時亦可表示按計

3、劃、安排好的將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) 一般過去將來時 表示過去的將來發(fā)生的事情，是以過去為參照點(diǎn)一般將來時will表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；事情的固有屬性或必然趨勢； Tom will come back next week. Fish will die without water.be going to+ V 表示“計劃、打算要做某事”；表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象，對未來進(jìn)行推斷； He is going to speak on TV this evening. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.be about to + V 表

4、示“立即的將來”因此，該句型很少與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用，但可以和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用； The train is about to start.一般將來時 be to + V 1、表示“按計劃或安排要做的事” When are you to leave for home? She is to be married next month.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也用于過去。was/were to do sth.表示曾經(jīng)計劃要做的事，但不表明計劃是否被執(zhí)行，或表示命運(yùn)（即命中注定要發(fā)生的事），而非計劃was/were to have done sth.表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計劃 一般將來時 I felt ne

5、rvous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很緊張，因?yàn)槲液芸炀鸵状坞x開家了。 They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他們告了別，不知道以后再也不會見面了。 We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我們本來想告訴你的，但是你不在家。一般將來時 2.表示“應(yīng)該”，相當(dāng)于should,ought to You are to report to the police

6、. What is to be done? 3.表示“必須”，相當(dāng)于must, have to The letter is to be handed to him in person. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 4.表示“想，打算”，相當(dāng)于intend, want If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 5.用于第一人稱，表示征求對方意見。 Am I go on with the work? What are we to do next? 一般將來時 6

7、.用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相當(dāng)于mustnt The books in this room are not to be taken outside. You are not to smoke in the reading-room. 7.表示“可以，可能”，相當(dāng)于may, can The news is to be ound in the evening paper. Such people are to be found everywhere. She is nowhere to be found. 8.were to do sth.用于even if/even though從句中，表示對

8、未來的假設(shè) If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.一般將來時 9.be to blame(該受責(zé)備，對某件壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任）與be to let(待出租)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義 Which driver is to blame for the accident? This house is to let.進(jìn)行體 My brother fell whi

9、le he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east t

10、o west when he saw it. 1、一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，長動作往往用進(jìn)行體，、一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，長動作往往用進(jìn)行體，短動作用一般體。短動作用一般體。進(jìn)行體 I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. （暫時性） Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. （未完性） Selecting

11、a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. （“變化”尚未完成） 2、表示動作的未完性、暫時性、表示動作的未完性、暫時性。進(jìn)行體 Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my Mum. 3、表示計劃、安排要做的事、表示計劃、安排要做的事。 I first met Lisa years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time. 4、表示

12、現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況、表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。 He is always thinking of others first. He is always making the same mistake. 5、表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，、表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，常與常與always, continually, constantly連用連用 6、瞬間動詞的進(jìn)行體可以表將來。、瞬間動詞的進(jìn)行體可以表將來?，F(xiàn)在完成時 In the past few years, great changes have take

13、n place in my hometown. He has written 8 books so far. 1、一個動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止。、一個動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止。 表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語有：表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語有：lately, recently, in the last/past days/years, since then, up to now, so far, by now等。等?，F(xiàn)在完成時 He has turned off the light. = The light is off now. The

14、concert has started. = The concert is on now. I have already seen the film. = I konw the film now. 2、一個發(fā)生在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，注意這時說話者說話的、一個發(fā)生在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，注意這時說話者說話的重心在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。常用的狀語有重心在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。常用的狀語有already, just, yet, never, before等。等。現(xiàn)在完成時3、This / It is the first/second.time + that從句。從句。 從句

15、用現(xiàn)在完成時。 4、在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時間以前已完成的動、在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時間以前已完成的動作。作。I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 5、瞬間動詞（非延續(xù)性動詞、終止性動詞） 瞬間動詞一般不用完成時態(tài)，也不可以接表示一段時間的狀語，若要瞬間動詞一般不用完成時態(tài)，也不可以接表示一段時間的狀語，若要接表示一段時間的狀語，需要做一些相應(yīng)接表示一段時間的狀語，需要做一些相應(yīng) 的變換。但是否定式可用完的變換。但是否定式可用完成時，可以接表示一段時間的狀語。成時，可以接表示一段時間的狀

16、語。判斷正誤He has come to Kunming since last year.He has lived in Kunming since last year.He has joined the army for 3 years.He has served in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.He has been a soldier for 3 years.It is 3 years since he joined the army.He has joined the army.現(xiàn)在完成時句型轉(zhuǎn)換He lef

17、t his office 3 hours ago. He his office for 3 hours. It 3 hours since he left his office.He has been dead for 4 years. He ago. It is he died.過去完成時 She had learned some English before she came to the institute. He said that he had been aborad for 3 years 1、一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另外一件事情先于它（即表、一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另外一件事情先于它

18、（即表“過去的過過去的過去去”），那么發(fā)生在前的事情的動詞須用過去完成時。），那么發(fā)生在前的事情的動詞須用過去完成時。過去完成時 By then he had learned English for 3 years. Until the he had konwn nothing about it yeat. 2、表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作、表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作。 常用的時間狀語有：by then, by that time, by the end of, before 2000, by the time + 句子等。過去完成時 3、

19、Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when.; No sooner had.done.than.when和than從句里用一般過去時，表示“剛剛.就.” Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 4、It was/had been+一段時間+since從句。 since從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時 It was ten years since we had had suc

20、h a nice time. 5、That/It was the first/second.time+that從句。 that從句要用過去完成時過去完成時 I had hoped to see more of Kunmming. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 6、表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如:hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其過去完成時表示

21、過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。將來完成時 By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 將來完成時表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成。 常用的時間狀語為“by+將來的某個時間”完成進(jìn)行體 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示一個動作開始始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。 完成進(jìn)行體是完成體和進(jìn)行體的組合，因此它具備完成體和進(jìn)行體的“未完性、暫時性、感情色彩等”的特點(diǎn)。 He has been learning English for 6 years. 強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還

22、在學(xué) It has been raining for 3 days. 強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空It wont be long before such a thing (happen).The careless driver has just been fined $10 for stopping his car at a sigh that (read)NO PARKING.-Watch!-I (watch)but I (not see)anything unusual.Helen (leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband (come) home.- Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yeasterday?-No, but we (try) to get in touch with them ever since.THANK YOU!