《甘肅省蘭州新區(qū)舟曲中學(xué)高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《甘肅省蘭州新區(qū)舟曲中學(xué)高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)課件（118頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、高中語法綜合高中語法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解復(fù)習(xí)全解objectiveTo learn to use the modal verbs correctly【2011北京卷北京卷,32】Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave【解析解析】句意為句意為“Bob已經(jīng)去了加利福已經(jīng)去了加利福尼亞。尼亞。噢，你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候離開噢，你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候離開的？的？”Bob has gone to California，去的動(dòng)，去的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過，說

2、明他離開的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過，說明他離開的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此使用一般過去時(shí)。選去，因此使用一般過去時(shí)。選B。【2011天津卷天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced【解析解析】句意為句意為“在過去的幾年時(shí)間里，在過去的幾年時(shí)間里，全世界制作了成千上萬部電影。全世界制作了成千上萬部電影?！眎n the last few years在過去的幾年時(shí)間里

3、，其實(shí)在過去的幾年時(shí)間里，其實(shí)是從過去算到現(xiàn)在，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。是從過去算到現(xiàn)在，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。選選B 【2011天津卷天津卷,4】On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years.A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been【解析解析】句意為句意為“等到下次生日的時(shí)候，等到下次生日的時(shí)候，Ann結(jié)婚有二十年了。結(jié)婚有二十年了?！県er next birthday是將來的時(shí)間，是將來的時(shí)間，for twenty years是個(gè)時(shí)間段。將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將是個(gè)時(shí)間段。將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來某

4、時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，故選來某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，故選D。【2011重慶卷重慶卷,21】That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing【解析解析】句意為句意為“那首樂曲聽起來相當(dāng)熟那首樂曲聽起來相當(dāng)熟悉。是誰在樓上彈鋼琴？悉。是誰在樓上彈鋼琴？”在聽的過程中在聽的過程中才發(fā)出誰在彈鋼琴的疑問，才發(fā)出誰在彈鋼琴的疑問，sound用的是用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，交代的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，故選現(xiàn)在時(shí)，交代的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，故選D。10全國全國Linda ma

5、ke sure the table _before the guests arriveA. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting解析解析Set a table擺放桌子擺放桌子, tables為主為主語語, 故用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。故用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。make sure后一般接賓后一般接賓語從句。語從句。時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。、考查在語境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常考的時(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過

6、去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。The present simple tense 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句肯定句: 主語主語+am/is/are+表語表語 主語主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(

7、+其它其它) 否定句否定句: 主語主語+am/is/are +not+表語表語 主語主語+dont (doesnt)+實(shí)義實(shí)義 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(+其它其它) 疑問句疑問句: Am/Is/Are+主語主語+表語表語 Do (Does)+主語主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形原形(+其它其它) (2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1) 表示不隨時(shí)間的變化而變化的事實(shí)、表示不隨時(shí)間的變化而變化的事實(shí)、真理、格言、警句等。真理、格言、警句等。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。熟能生巧

8、。 Tomorrow is Monday. 明天星期一。明天星期一。2) 表示目前表示目前, 現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 習(xí)慣習(xí)慣, 或存在的狀態(tài)。常與下列表示次數(shù)的或存在的狀態(tài)。常與下列表示次數(shù)的頻率副詞連用頻率副詞連用: OFTEN, USUALLY, ALWAYS, SOMETIMES, SELDOM, EVERY DAY (WEEK, YEAR, NIGHT), ONCE A WEEK等。等。 Class begins at eight every morning. 每天早晨八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。每天早晨八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。 He always works at night. 他經(jīng)常

9、在晚上工作。他經(jīng)常在晚上工作。3) 表示表示“預(yù)定預(yù)定”或是或是“安排好安排好”要發(fā)生要發(fā)生的的, 不會(huì)輕易改變的未來動(dòng)作不會(huì)輕易改變的未來動(dòng)作, 事情。事情。常用于此類用法的動(dòng)詞有常用于此類用法的動(dòng)詞有COME, GO, MOVE, STOP, LEAVE, ARRIVE, BE, FINISH, CONTINUE, START, BEGIN等。等。 The plane arrives at 8 oclock. 飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)到。飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)到。 School begins on September 5. 九月五日開學(xué)。九月五日開學(xué)。4) 用于戲劇、電影等的劇本解說用于戲劇、電影等的劇本解說, 體體育

10、比賽及其他活動(dòng)現(xiàn)場解說或圖片育比賽及其他活動(dòng)現(xiàn)場解說或圖片的說明等。的說明等。 He passes the ball to John. 他把球傳給約翰。他把球傳給約翰。 There are five people in the picture. 在這幅畫中有五個(gè)人。在這幅畫中有五個(gè)人。 We will have an exam when we finish the textbook. 我們學(xué)完課本后將會(huì)進(jìn)行一次測試。我們學(xué)完課本后將會(huì)進(jìn)行一次測試。 I will tell him that as soon as I see him. 我一見到他就會(huì)告訴他那件事。我一見到他就會(huì)告訴他那件事。 W

11、e have to wait here before he comes. 在他回來前，我們不得不等。在他回來前，我們不得不等。5) 在表時(shí)間和條件的狀語從句中在表時(shí)間和條件的狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。代替將來時(shí)。 常見引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的詞匯有常見引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的詞匯有: when, while, whenever, before, after, till, until, by the time, as soon as. 常見引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞匯有常見引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞匯有: if, unless, as long as, so long as, in case (

12、that), provided (that). 1. I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it. (2010 遼寧遼寧) A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done 2. Planing so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year.(2011 全國全國) A.made B.is making C.makes D.has madeThe present conti

13、nuous tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句肯定句: 主語主語+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句否定句: 主語主語+am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 分詞分詞 疑問句疑問句: Am/Is/Are+主語主語+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 (2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1) 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的, 目前正在發(fā)目前正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。此種用法時(shí)生的動(dòng)作。此種用法時(shí), 常帶有表示常帶有表示目前時(shí)刻的時(shí)間副詞目前時(shí)刻的時(shí)間副詞, 如如: now, at the (very) moment, for the time

14、being, at present, 及及Look! Listen!等詞匯。等詞匯。 Look! The big bird is flying away. 看看, 那只大鳥正在飛走。那只大鳥正在飛走。 He is watching a movie now. 他現(xiàn)在正在看電影他現(xiàn)在正在看電影。 2) 表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行, 但但說話時(shí)可能沒有進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。說話時(shí)可能沒有進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我現(xiàn)在正通過遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語。我現(xiàn)在正通過遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語。3) 與與alwa

15、ys, constantly, forever, all the time等副詞連用等副詞連用, 表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí)表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí) 慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說話者的強(qiáng)烈慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說話者的強(qiáng)烈 情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的“責(zé)備責(zé)備”或或“表表 揚(yáng)揚(yáng)”之意。之意。 You are always changing your mind. 你總是主意不定。你總是主意不定。(太煩人了。太煩人了。) He is always helping others. 他總是幫助別人。他總是幫助別人。(他真是個(gè)好人。他真是個(gè)好人。) 4) see, return, leave, start, visit

16、, go, come, fly, stay等動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)等動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。表將來。 He is leaving on Wednesday. 他將于周三離開。他將于周三離開。 They are going to Canada next week. 他們將下周去加拿大。他們將下周去加拿大。1. I hear you in a pub. whats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. (2011 江江蘇蘇)A.are working B.will work C.were workin

17、g D.will be working2. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who the piano upstairs? (2011 重慶重慶)A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing2. John, what in your hand? Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma. (2011 湖南湖南)A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold3. Ill go t

18、o the library as soon as I finish what I . (2011 遼寧遼寧)A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing4. Teenagers_their health because they play computer games too much. (2008 重慶重慶)A.have damagedB.are damagingC.damaged D.will damage5. Have you got any job offers?No.I_. (2008 遼寧遼寧)A.waited B.

19、had been waitingC.have waited D.am waitingThe present perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(一一) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法：1. 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories.2. 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, 強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、 影響等。影響等。 Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”? Ive

20、spent 3 years in the countryside. 3. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, 并且一直持續(xù)并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在, 甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去, 句中句中使用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞使用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 且常有表示一段時(shí)且常有表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語。間的時(shí)間狀語。We havent seen each other for ten years.Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用在條件或時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用在條件或時(shí)間狀語從句中從句中, 表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已

21、經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。完成的動(dòng)作。 Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it. (二二) 使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + since + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(名詞、短語、名詞、短語、從句，其中從句用一般過去時(shí)從句，其中從句用一般過去時(shí))2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + for + 段時(shí)間狀語段時(shí)間狀語 3) It / This is the first / 其他序數(shù)詞其他序數(shù)詞 / las

22、t time + that 從句中，從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。從句中，從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1) Mary has been ill since three days ago. 2) Mary has been ill for three days. 3) It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 注意注意: 在下面的句子中在下面的句子中, 主句的謂主句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：語動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：It is three years since I beg

23、an to work on the farm.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響，強(qiáng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；一般過調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；一般過去時(shí)只表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去發(fā)生或存在過，去時(shí)只表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去發(fā)生或存在過， 與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。系，它可以與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。( (三三) )現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別: :He has read that book. (說明他

24、現(xiàn)在知道那本書的內(nèi)容。說明他現(xiàn)在知道那本書的內(nèi)容。)He read that book last year. (只說明他去年讀過那本書。只說明他去年讀過那本書。 )He has gone to America. (他現(xiàn)在不在此地，他現(xiàn)在不在此地， 在美國。在美國。)He went to America. (只說明他去過美國。只說明他去過美國。)1. Tom in the library every night over the last three months.(2011 北北京京)A.works B. worked C. has been working D. had been worki

25、ng2. I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it. (2011 安徽安徽)A. does it landB. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed3. His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. (2011 陜西陜西)A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has recei

26、ved4. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2011 湖南湖南)A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended5. When you are home , give a call to let me know you _ safely. (2010 全全國國)A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arriveThe present pe

27、rfect continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(一一) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成： I / we / you / they have been doing sth.he/ she / it has been doing sth. (二二) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國有中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）將繼續(xù)下去）1. 表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)表示從過

28、去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn) 在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。年了。2. 表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。（動(dòng)作不我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。（動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)下去）再繼續(xù)下去）3. 有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

29、時(shí)的句子等同于有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。I have been writing a book. 我一直在寫一本書。我一直在寫一本書。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）I have written a book. 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）4. 大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等 同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。I have known him for years.我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。5. 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在

30、完成 進(jìn)行時(shí)。進(jìn)行時(shí)。這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：詞還有：love愛，愛，like喜歡，喜歡，hate討厭，等。討厭，等。1. Tom in the library every night over the last three months. (2011 北京北京)A.works B. worked C. has been working D. had been workingPast tensesThe simple past tenseThe past continuous tense過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)The past perfect tense

31、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)主要用來表示在特定過主要用來表示在特定過 去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài)。在的狀態(tài)。如如: We visited the factory last Friday. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)常用的狀語有常用的狀語有yesterday, last night, two days ago, at that time或或since從句等。從句等。Past tenses注意：注意： 1) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已 成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。 H

32、e lived in Shanghai but now he lives in Beijing. (現(xiàn)已不在上海了現(xiàn)已不在上海了) He has lived in Shanghai for 2 years. (可能還在上?？赡苓€在上海)2) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)還可用于虛擬語氣還可用于虛擬語氣 中的非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用于中的非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用于 特定句型中表示現(xiàn)在和將來時(shí)間。特定句型中表示現(xiàn)在和將來時(shí)間。 Its time you had a holiday. I wish you lived closer to us.If only he didnt drive so fast!

33、If I had the money, Id buy a car. - Can I smoke here? - Id rather you didnt.1. 我昨天在街上遇到了我昨天在街上遇到了Tom。 2. 他過去常常乘公共汽車上班。他過去常常乘公共汽車上班。3. 他進(jìn)來，坐下來，拿出了一本書。他進(jìn)來，坐下來，拿出了一本書。4. 他說如果他得到了消息會(huì)讓我知道。他說如果他得到了消息會(huì)讓我知道。1. I met Tom in the street yesterday.2. He used to go to work by bus.3. He came in, sat down and took

34、 out a book.4. He said he would let me know if he got any news.2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)正進(jìn)主要表示過去某時(shí)正進(jìn) 行的動(dòng)作。行的動(dòng)作。 What were you doing yesterday at seven p.m.?注意：注意： 1) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可與也可與always; constantly; continually; for ever; all the time等狀語連用表示感情等狀語連用表示感情 色彩。色彩。 He was making trouble all the time. 2) 過去

35、進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在一定上下文中也在一定上下文中也 可表示按照計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的過可表示按照計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的過 去將來時(shí)態(tài)。去將來時(shí)態(tài)。 The summer vacation was drawing near, but nobody knew where they were going for the holiday. 3) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比 較：較：a: I was reading a novel yesterday. (未讀完未讀完) I read a novel yesterday. (已讀完已讀完) b: He was working al

36、l through the night. (過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作的持續(xù)時(shí)間過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作的持續(xù)時(shí)間)1. 火災(zāi)爆發(fā)時(shí)，他們正在開會(huì)。火災(zāi)爆發(fā)時(shí)，他們正在開會(huì)。2. 我第一次見到他是在他在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)。我第一次見到他是在他在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)。3. 他過去總是惹事。他過去總是惹事。4. 他說下個(gè)月來看你。他說下個(gè)月來看你。1. They were having a meeting when the fire broke out.2. When he was studying in London, I met him for the first time.3. He was always making t

37、rouble in the past.4. He said that he was coming to see you the next month.3. 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)主要用于表示：主要用于表示： 1) 完成用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一完成用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一 事件前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。事件前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I had written the article when they came.By December last year, he had worked in Beijing for five years.2) 未完成用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一未完成用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一 事件前

38、已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一事件前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一 過去時(shí)間，而且到那時(shí)還未結(jié)束，過去時(shí)間，而且到那時(shí)還未結(jié)束， 仍有繼續(xù)下去的可能性。仍有繼續(xù)下去的可能性。1. 當(dāng)我到車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)離開了。當(dāng)我到車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)離開了。2. 他告訴我他從未去過北京。他告訴我他從未去過北京。3. 到上個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)到上個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了習(xí)了2000個(gè)單詞。個(gè)單詞。 4. 他睡覺以前，已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作了他睡覺以前，已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作了12個(gè)小個(gè)小時(shí)。時(shí)。1. When I arrived at the station, the train had left.2. He told me h

39、e had never been to Beijing.3. We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.4. Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.1. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)主要用于表示某個(gè)時(shí)刻主要用于表示某個(gè)時(shí)刻 或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)態(tài), 更多的用于帶有條件分句的主句更多的用于帶有條件分句的主句中。中。 He will come back next week. Ill ask her as soon as she comes. Future t

40、enses注意注意：1) 在主句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示在主句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)的用法：一般將來時(shí)的用法：在表示車、船、飛機(jī)等按照固定的時(shí)刻在表示車、船、飛機(jī)等按照固定的時(shí)刻表進(jìn)出站、港時(shí)，尤其是特別描述某一表進(jìn)出站、港時(shí)，尤其是特別描述某一車次、輪次和航班的進(jìn)出時(shí)間時(shí)，可用車次、輪次和航班的進(jìn)出時(shí)間時(shí)，可用此用法，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常為此用法，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常為leave, start, go等等。The next train leaves at seven oclock. 2) 在從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將在從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)的用法：在以來時(shí)的用法：在以after, whe

41、n, while, as, before, once, as soon as, if, unless 等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中多用此用法。等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中多用此用法。Ill call you back as soon as I arrive in Paris.1. 你長大后打算做什么？你長大后打算做什么？2. 他明年他明年30歲。歲。3. 我正打算外出，天開始下雨了。我正打算外出，天開始下雨了。4. 我應(yīng)該先讀哪一段？我應(yīng)該先讀哪一段？ 5. 你今晚你今晚7點(diǎn)在家嗎？點(diǎn)在家嗎？1. What are you going to do when you grow up?2. He will be th

42、irty years old next year.3. I am about to go out when it to rain. 4. Which paragraph shall I read first?5. Will you be at home at seven this evening?2. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 1) 用于表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段里用于表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段里 正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning? 2) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常帶有這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常帶有“自然要發(fā)生自然要發(fā)生”的的 含義。含

43、義。 You can use my bike. I wont be needing it tomorrow.1. 他們說不久將來看望我們。他們說不久將來看望我們。2. 他們說他們下周打算去野餐。他們說他們下周打算去野餐。3. 我們正要打電話給你，你來了。我們正要打電話給你，你來了。1. They said they would drop in on us before long.2. They said they were going to have a picnic next week.3. We were on the point of calling you when you came.

44、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以態(tài)的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時(shí)為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are + given 【例句例句】The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practiceand is based on pictures and topics.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：was/were + given【例句例句】These computers we

45、re made in our own country.一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：will/shall be + given【例句例句】Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?Sir Denis, who is 78, has made itknown that much of his collection _ tothe nation. (CET-4 1996) A. has left B. is to leaveC. leaves D. is to be left本句意思為：本句意思為：78歲的歲的Denis先生聲明他將先生聲明他將把他

46、的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國家。所以把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國家。所以leave應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般將來時(shí)可以用來將來時(shí)可以用來be to do來表達(dá)，因此答來表達(dá)，因此答案為案為D。過去將來時(shí)：過去將來時(shí)：would be + given【例句例句】The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being + given【例句例句】Trees are being planted over there by them. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

47、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being + given【例句例句】The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been + given【例句例句】Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)：had been + given【例句例句】 The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War II.將來完成時(shí)：將來完成時(shí)：w

48、ill/shall have been + given【例句例句】The book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過去分詞過去分詞This problem can be solved. 這問題可解決。這問題可解決。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。覆水難收。1. 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變

49、為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語(指人指人的賓語）。的賓語）。一些特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)They didnt offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 2. 在使役動(dòng)詞在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官以及感官動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)橐÷?，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加被

50、動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to。They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.3. It + be + 過去分詞過去分詞 + that從句從句 (=主語主語+ be + 過去分詞過去分詞 + to do sth.)表示：據(jù)說表示：據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等據(jù)信等 據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試。性的測試。It is said that the boy has passed thenational exam. The boy is said to have pass

51、ed thenational exam.但：但：It _ that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案：答案：A. happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，是不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4. be supposed to suppose vt. 推想推想; 假設(shè)假設(shè); 猜想猜想 supposed adj. 假定的假定的; 推測的推測的; 意圖的意圖的(1) 據(jù)說據(jù)說 (=be said to) 如：如：Lets go and see that

52、film. Its supposed to be very good.我們一起去看那電影好嗎我們一起去看那電影好嗎? 人們都說它人們都說它不錯(cuò)。不錯(cuò)。(2) 計(jì)劃、安排計(jì)劃、安排Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 oclock. Im supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.(3) be not supposed to 不允許不允許You are not supposed to park here.這兒不允許停車。這兒不允許停車。1. 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義

53、。cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write1. The dish tastes delicious. 2. The theory proved right at last.3. The book is so interesting that it sells well. 不可以變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況不可以變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sells”此處為不及物動(dòng)詞此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來銷售起來; 有銷有銷路路”的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞

54、為的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣賣; 出售出售”This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗耐洗) 2. need + V- ing 表示表示“主語承受動(dòng)詞主語承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。，表示被動(dòng)意義。我的車需要修理。我的車需要修理。My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired). beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, have, lack, resemble (相似相似), suit等。等。This new English-Chine

55、se dictionarycost me ten dollars.3. 某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。The war broke out.但不能說：但不能說：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。 “be + 過去分詞過去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是態(tài)與系表

56、結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：試比較下面的句子：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

57、 系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不定式語法不定式語法 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表所示。動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動(dòng)式講與不定式被動(dòng)式講與練練語態(tài)語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式 to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)

58、行式 to have been doing/當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。進(jìn)行作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞， 有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng) 作之后。作之后。 He seems t

59、o know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成時(shí)完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng) 詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作 正在進(jìn)行。正在進(jìn)行。 They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs. H

60、e seems to be eating something.4 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作是在謂語動(dòng)：表示動(dòng)作是在謂語動(dòng) 詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。 They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法: :(1) 作主語作主語It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2

61、) 作賓語作賓語She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一、當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所一、當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。要采用被動(dòng)形式。(3) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語The books are not allowed to be taken out of the ro

62、om.(5) 作定語作定語Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作狀語作狀語She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等，It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized. She preferred to have been g

63、iven heavier work to do.(主語主語) (賓語賓語)v-ing形式的形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)V-ing形式由形式由 “do + ing” 構(gòu)成，其否定構(gòu)成，其否定形式是形式是 “not doing”，V-ing可以帶賓可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成語或狀語構(gòu)成V-ing 短語，沒有人稱短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。V-ingV-ing形式形式語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not) havingbeen

64、 done當(dāng)非限定性動(dòng)詞當(dāng)非限定性動(dòng)詞-ing的邏輯主語的邏輯主語是是-ing所表示的動(dòng)作對象時(shí)要用所表示的動(dòng)作對象時(shí)要用-ing的被動(dòng)形式，包括其一般形式的被動(dòng)形式，包括其一般形式“(not) being + -ed分詞和完成形式分詞和完成形式“(not) having been + -ed分詞分詞”。什么情況用什么情況用V-ingV-ing形式的被動(dòng)式呢？形式的被動(dòng)式呢？ 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作形式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就要用動(dòng)詞的承受者時(shí)，就要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)語態(tài)。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的主形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，在

65、句中可以作主語、賓語、動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語。定語、狀語。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.用作主語用作主語1. He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.2. I remember having been told the story. 用作賓語用作賓語V-ing形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 也可作也可作介詞的賓語。介詞的賓語。 The bird escaped _ (catch

66、). He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being abandonedbeing caught 在在avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on等后接等后接V-ing形式作賓語。形式作賓語。注意注意1.The problem being discussed now is very important.2. The house being built will be our library upon its completion. 用作定語用作定語1. Being asked to answer the question, she couldnt refuse.2. Having been given such a good chance, how