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1、【1】 step up 加緊，加強，促進I stepped up my pace to follow my classmates.我加快腳步去追趕我的同學們。step aside/down 讓位，退位step into 進入step by step 逐步地take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事out of step 不合拍follow in ones steps 步某人的后塵The government _ its war against terrorism after the suicide bombing in the subway.A. stepped aside B

2、. stepped intoC. stepped down D. stepped up D句意：在地鐵里發(fā)生自殺性爆炸事件之后，政府加緊了反對恐怖主義的斗爭?！?】辨析due to, owing to, because of, thanks to這些詞組均表示“由于”之意。(1) due to 用于較莊重的書面語中，側重“起因于”，在句中多作表語，有時作狀語或定語。 Most of the problems were due to human error. 多數(shù)問題都是人為錯誤造成的。(2) owing to 可以與due to換用，但在句中多作狀語，也可作表語，可在句首或句末，用逗號隔開。

3、The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. 比賽因大雨取消了。(3) because of 著重某種原因的理由，在句中通常 作狀語。 Because of his wife being here, I said nothing about it. 他的妻子在場，我便沒提及這事。(4) thanks to 突出一種感激之情，含“多虧”意味。 Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you! 多虧了你，現(xiàn)在大家都知道了！ The poor man failed to survive in the accid

4、ent, _ the doctors careless operation.A. thanks to B. due toC. but for D. without They didnt attend the meeting held last Friday morning _ to the delay of the train.A. owing B. owedC. thank D. dued B句意：由于那個醫(yī)生的粗心的手術，那個可憐的男子沒能在那起事故中活下來。A幸虧；B由于；C要不是；D沒有。 Aowing to 由于?！?】 look into 朝里面看；調查；檢查 He looked

5、into the room but saw nothing.他朝房間里看了看但是什么都沒看到。The chief manager has promised to look into this matter carefully.總經(jīng)理承諾會仔細調查這件事情。look after 照顧；照料look back 往后看；回顧 (on/upon)look out 小心(口語)；往外看look on 旁觀look onas視為look up 查尋；抬頭看；尊重 (to)look down 往下看；輕視 (on/upon)look over 檢查；查看look through 瀏覽look forward

6、 to doing 期望/期待做look round/around 尋找；參觀；環(huán)視，四下察看 人們走出家門四處察看。_咱們今天下午游覽市區(qū)吧！_已成立一個工作小組來調查這個問題。_她考試前匆匆看了一下筆記。_People came out of their houses and looked around.Lets look round the town this afternoon!A working party has been set up to look into the problem.She looked through her notes before the exam!【4】

7、 make up 編造；補償，彌補；組成，形成；和解，調停；化妝This country is made up of many small islands.這個國家是由許多小島組成的。We must make up for the lost time.我們一定要把失去的時間補回來。We didnt mean to hurt each other.Lets make up.我們并不是要故意傷害對方的。我們和好吧。 make a face 扮鬼臉make a record 創(chuàng)紀錄；制作唱片make up ones mind 下定決心make ones way for 走向make progress

8、 取得進步make money 掙錢make fun of 取笑make out 分辨出來；理解，了解make sth. out of 由制成make off 迅速逃離，匆忙離開make ends meet 使收支平衡；量入為出make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人The box is made out of cedarwood.這盒子是用杉木做的。They make bottles out of glass.他們用玻璃做瓶子。 This years good harvest will _ last years bad one.A. make into B. make up forC.

9、 make it D. make out forHe made himself _ be a millionaire.A. out to B. up forC. to D. out forBmake up for 彌補。Amake sb. out to be sth. 把某人說成某物。【5】 run after 追逐；追求 He runs after every goodlooking woman in the village.他追求村子里的每個漂亮的女人。run away 逃跑run for競選run across/into/upon邂逅；偶遇run on 連續(xù)不斷、拖延run out (某

10、物)用完run short (某物)短缺run up 積欠(賬款)，趕制run up to 合計為；高達run through花光；用盡；略談 他13歲時離家出走。_我們把燃油用光了。_他快速瀏覽了一下名單。_ He ran away from home at the age of thirteen.We ran out of fuel.He ran through the names on the list.【1】 Police have not ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, but are also l

11、ooking into other possibilities.警察沒有排除賈斯汀被外星人帶走的可能性，但是他們也在調查其他的可能性。that Justin was taken by aliens是同位語從句，作possibility的同位語，說明此名詞的具體內容。同時that在同位語從句中只起連接作用，沒有實際意義，不作任何成分。 Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up after school? No problem.A. when B. thatC. whether D. whatBthat連接同位語從句，說明possibility

12、的內容，且that在從句中不充當任何成分，也沒有實際意義，只起連接作用。 【2】 Yetis are said to be heavily built and hairy.It is said that Yetis are heavily built and hairy.據(jù)說野人體格粗壯、多毛。 It be 過去分詞 that從句。常見的過去分詞有：said, reported, thought, considered, hoped, announced, decided, suggested, advised, told, heard, ordered, proved, remembered

13、, believed, expected, well known等。這種句式可以進行這樣的變化，即去掉It，把that從句的主語變成句子的主語，be動詞作相應的變化，that變成to，從句的謂語變成動詞原形放在to的后面，其余不變。It is said that he is studying abroad. He is said to be studying abroad.據(jù)說他正在國外學習?！咀⒁狻?it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (

14、主語從句，有that, 無逗號)據(jù)報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. (定語從句，無that，有逗號)據(jù)報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。若過去分詞為表示“建議”、“命令”、“愿望”，如suggested, ordered, requested等詞時，從句需用虛擬語氣。動詞形式：should動詞原形。It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance.有人請求王先生表演一個節(jié)目。It has been proved _ eatin

15、g vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. if B. becauseC. when D. thatMr Greens book is said to _ into several foreign languages so far.A. have translatedB. have been translatedC. be translatedD. have been translatingD句意：在童年時期吃蔬菜有助于保護你在余生中不得嚴重的疾病，這已經(jīng)得到

16、了證實?？疾橹髡Z從句。由句子結構可知，it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的從句。因為從句中成分完整，所以只能用只起連接作用而不作句子成分的連詞that。B句意：據(jù)說格林先生的書現(xiàn)已被譯成幾種外語了。由被動含義排除A、D。句中有so far謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時，故在動詞不定式后使用完成式。It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. said B. to sayC. saying D. being said A句意：人們常說人類天性會說話。此句型結構是it is 過去分詞 that如何寫好簡單句如何寫好簡單句

17、要想寫好簡單句，就必須記住簡單句的這要想寫好簡單句，就必須記住簡單句的這6種基本種基本句型。句型。 【句型1】主語謂語(vi.) (狀語) They worked day and night. 他們夜以繼日地工作?！揪湫?】主語 系動詞 表語My grandpa is seventy years old. 我爺爺70歲了。 本句型中的連系動詞以 be 為最多。此外還有少數(shù)其他的連系動詞，如 appear, become, get, grow, look, prove, remain 等?！揪湫?】主語 謂語(vt.) 賓語 (狀語)I havent decided whether to go

18、or not. 我還沒有決定去還是不去?！揪湫?】主語 謂語 (vt.) 間接賓語 直接賓語 Zhou Nan lent me some money. (some money to me.) 周楠借給我一些錢。 如果將間接賓語置于直接賓語之后，則需借助介詞to 或 for。 直接賓語和間接賓語之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關系。 【句型5】主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 We watched the train leaving the station. 我們看著火車離開車站。 本句型中的賓語和賓補之間有著邏輯上的主謂關系。 【句型6】 There be / stand / live主語 地點 狀語 The

19、re are several guests in the hall. 客廳里有幾位客人。 在本句型中，還可將謂語動詞be換成某些表示“來往，存在，發(fā)生”之類的不及物動詞，如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。按括號內要求將下列句子譯成英語：1. 歷史要發(fā)展。 (主語謂語)_ 2. 我有3年沒去看我的叔叔了。(主語謂語賓語)_3. 我把亨利當作最親密的朋友。(主語謂語雙賓語)_4. 我們現(xiàn)在必須對它保密嗎？(主語謂語復合賓語)_5. 這些玫瑰花聞起來很香。(主語系動詞表語)_6. 在他的臥室里只有一張床和一把椅子。(There be結構)_【答案】1. History advances.2. I havent visited my uncle for three years.3. I consider Henry my closest friend.4. Must we keep it a secret now?5. These roses smell sweet.6. In his bedroom there was only a bed and a chair.