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動(dòng)詞不定式 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析 考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”，否定形式是在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式及其賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。 1．作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用動(dòng)名詞替換且常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“It＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋動(dòng)詞不定式”。 Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō))保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。 2．作表語(yǔ) My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。 3．作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (1)接to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。 (2)接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。 (3)在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have和感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, look, smell等的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。 4．作定語(yǔ) I have a lot of homework to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。 ★動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。 The cat is easy to take care of.這只貓很容易照顧。 5．作狀語(yǔ) Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女兒。(目的) Were glad to meet you here.我們很高興在這兒見(jiàn)到你。(原因) He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果) 6．“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問(wèn)詞who, what, when, where, how, which等后接動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。 He didnt know where to go(＝where he should go)．他不知道去哪里。 7．含動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型與短語(yǔ) too... to...太……而不能…… Why dont you do sth.？為什么不做某事？ had better do sth.最好做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 be made to do sth.被迫做某事 1．(xx湖北咸寧中考改編)Remember some fruit when you come back. A．buying B．to buy C．buy D．bought 2．(xx湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考改編)—The weather report says its going to have a shower this afternoon. —It does? Wed better now, just in case. A．to leave B．leaving C．leave D．left 3．(xx甘肅張掖中考)My two cousins decide a business together. A．to start B．starting C．start D．started 4．(xx黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helps 5．(xx黑龍江綏化中考改編)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America. A．shaking B．to shake C．shake D．shook 6．(xx貴州中考)Parents should always tell their kids with strangers. A．not to talk B．not talking C．to not talk D．not talk 7．(xx四川成都中考改編)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport. A．to pick up B．picking up C．picked up D．pick up 8．(xx四川達(dá)州中考)—Id love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ． —If you dont go, ． A．to do; so do I B．to do; nor will I C．doing; so will I D．do; neither am I 9．(xx四川樂(lè)山中考改編)—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street. A．a(chǎn)nswering B．a(chǎn)nswer C．to answer D．to answering 10．(xx廣東中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world. A．build B．not build C．to build D．not to build 11．(xx貴州安順中考)—You should do what you can your English, Li Ming. —OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu. A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．improved 考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 1．動(dòng)名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu) (1)只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。 (2)have＋n.＋(in) doing have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。 (3)to doing 結(jié)構(gòu)，to是介詞 be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。 2．有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不同。 stop forget remember try regret 1．(2019預(yù)測(cè))Have you forgotten $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tomorrow? A．borrowing; to bring B．to borrow; to bring C．borrowed; bringing D．borrowing; bringing 2．(xx黑龍江龍東中考改編)—Would you mind here? —Of course not. Ill my cigarette at once. A．not smoking; put away B．not smoking; put out C．not to smoke; put off D．not to smoke; put out 3．(2019預(yù)測(cè))Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty the problem. A．working out B．having worked out C．to have worked out D．to work out 4．(xx湖北黃岡中考)—Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. —Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid products made in China. A．to buy B．buying C．bought D．buy 5．(2019預(yù)測(cè))My brother keeps me with my work. A．to help B．help C．helping D．helped 6．(2019預(yù)測(cè))Ive enjoyed to talk with you. A．to be able B．being able C．to been able D．of being able 7．(2019預(yù)測(cè))Mr. Wang came into the office without the door. A．knock B．knocking at C．to knock at D．knocking to 8．(xx重慶中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes his homework on time. A．do B．did C．does D．doing 9．(xx重慶渝北中考)There are some people soccer in the park. A．play B．plays C．playing D．to play 10．(xx江蘇常州中考)—Why doesnt the Surgeon stop lunch? —Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room. A．to have; to save B．having; to save C．to have; saving D．having; saving 11．(xx江蘇淮安中考)The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harvest is very important. A．helping B．to help C．help D．helped 考點(diǎn)三 分詞 1．現(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。 The crying girl cant find her mother.那個(gè)正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語(yǔ)) The story is interesting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。(表語(yǔ)) I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。(狀語(yǔ)) 2．過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成意義，在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。 She is very tired.她很疲勞。(表語(yǔ)) The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那個(gè)男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。(定語(yǔ)) She found the village greatly changed.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)村莊變化很大。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 3．現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或者進(jìn)行。 a sleeping child一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子 a developing country一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家 boiling water正在沸騰的水 a surprising look一個(gè)令人吃驚的表情 (2)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或者完成。 the novel written by Lu Xun 魯迅寫(xiě)的那篇小說(shuō) a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉絲包圍的歌手 fallen leaves 落葉 a snowcovered city被雪覆蓋的城市 1．(xx黑龍江龍東中考改編)—I saw Jim into that new building just now. —Oh, its our new library. It to the public for a week. A．walk; has opened B．walking; has been open C．walking; has opened D．walks; has been open 2．I heard him an English song when I passed his room last night. A．sing B．singing C．sung D．to sing 3．(2019預(yù)測(cè))The novel is great.Its well worth ． A．read B．reads C．reading D．reader 4．(2019預(yù)測(cè))A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel by Charles Dickens. A．written B．was written C．wrote D．write 5．(xx四川內(nèi)江中考)Bad luck! The film star had her leg while playing a part in the film. A．to break B．breaking C．break D．broken 參考答案 【語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析】 考點(diǎn)一　1～5 BCABB　6～11 AABCDB 考點(diǎn)二　1～5 ABABC　6～11 BBDCCA 考點(diǎn)三　1～5 BBCAD