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1、SocietyBook 8 Unit 24基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)排查重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)突破句法與語(yǔ)法突破五年高考 最新模擬重點(diǎn)單詞突破1基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)排查基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)排查1.govern vt.統(tǒng)治，管理統(tǒng)治，管理2.accumulate v.積累積累3.vacant adj.未住人的，空置的未住人的，空置的 e into being形成，存在形成，存在5.wind sb.up故意惹惱故意惹惱(某人，尤指開(kāi)玩笑某人，尤指開(kāi)玩笑)6.resign vt.&vi.辭職辭職 重點(diǎn)識(shí)記詞匯7.delete vt.刪除刪除 8.virtue n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處9.show off炫耀，夸耀炫耀，夸耀 10.elect vt.選舉，

2、推選選舉，推選11.knock into sb.撞上某人撞上某人 12.cast vt.&n.投下投下13.turning point轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn) 14.undertake vt.著手做，從事著手做，從事15.break into闖入闖入 16.fine n.罰款罰款17.on principle根據(jù)原則根據(jù)原則 18.abolish vt.廢除廢除19.consequently adv.所以，因此所以，因此20.homelessness n.無(wú)家可歸無(wú)家可歸homeless adj.無(wú)家可歸的無(wú)家可歸的21.voluntary adj.自愿的自愿的volunteer n.志愿者志愿者22.a

3、bundant adj.大量的大量的abundance n.大量；豐盛大量；豐盛23.signature n.簽名簽名sign v.簽簽(名名)24.adjustment n.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)adjust vt.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)25.diverse adj.各種各樣的各種各樣的diversity n.多樣性；差異多樣性；差異26.bare adj.赤祼的赤祼的barely adv.僅僅；幾乎不僅僅；幾乎不27.spiritual adj.宗教的，教會(huì)的；精神的宗教的，教會(huì)的；精神的spirit n.精神精神28.sentence n.& vt.判決判決sentence sb.to de

4、ath判某人死刑判某人死刑29.burden n.重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)；重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)；vt.(使使)擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)負(fù)be burdened with加負(fù)擔(dān)于；使負(fù)重?fù)?dān)加負(fù)擔(dān)于；使負(fù)重?fù)?dān)1.As a society，its high time that we took these issues more seriously.作為整個(gè)社會(huì)來(lái)講，到了我們應(yīng)該更加認(rèn)真地考慮這作為整個(gè)社會(huì)來(lái)講，到了我們應(yīng)該更加認(rèn)真地考慮這些問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。些問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。2.Id rather you didnt mention that.我寧愿你不提起那件事。我寧愿你不提起那件事。 必背經(jīng)典句式3.What if some married

5、 people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外戀怎么辦？要是一些已婚的人有了婚外戀怎么辦？4.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著胡同的入口，這樣做使他們?nèi)菀妆O(jiān)他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著胡同的入口，這樣做使他們?nèi)菀妆O(jiān)視人們的舉動(dòng)。視人們的舉動(dòng)。-ation/-ion/-tion decoration /dekreIn/n.U&C裝飾；裝潢；裝

6、飾品裝飾；裝潢；裝飾品description /dIskrIpn/n.C&U描寫(xiě)；形容；描寫(xiě)；形容；敘述敘述destination /destIneIn/n.C目標(biāo)；目的地；終目標(biāo)；目的地；終點(diǎn)點(diǎn)devotion /dIvn/n.U獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng)；熱心獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng)；熱心 構(gòu)詞記憶2重點(diǎn)單詞突破重點(diǎn)單詞突破1voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；無(wú)償?shù)淖栽傅模恢驹傅?；無(wú)償?shù)膐n a voluntary basis在自愿的基礎(chǔ)上在自愿的基礎(chǔ)上do voluntary work參加志愿工作參加志愿工作volunteer for自愿參加自愿參加volunteer to do自愿做自愿做voluntee

7、r as志愿當(dāng)志愿當(dāng)Morality is moral only when it is voluntary.只有出于自愿時(shí)，道德才是道德的只有出于自愿時(shí)，道德才是道德的。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空She works there a voluntary basis.Why do you want to volunteer our organization?The young man volunteered stop the drunken men from fighting.(2)定于下個(gè)月開(kāi)始實(shí)施的方案是自愿性質(zhì)的。定于下個(gè)月開(kāi)始實(shí)施的方案是自愿性質(zhì)的。(翻譯句子翻譯句子)_onfort

8、oThe scheme，due to begin next month，will be voluntary.122 abundant adj.大量的；豐盛的；大量的；豐盛的；充裕的充裕的( (plentiful) )多詞一義abundant，enough，sufficient，adequatebe abundant in富于富于，很豐富很豐富have an abundant supply of有充足的有充足的供應(yīng)供應(yīng)abundance n.豐富，大量，多豐富，大量，多in abundance大量，富裕大量，富裕There is an abundant supply of cheap labou

9、r.廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力供應(yīng)充足。廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力供應(yīng)充足。Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.高大的植被中有著大量的鳥(niǎo)類。高大的植被中有著大量的鳥(niǎo)類。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)Indonesia (在在方面富方面富有有) petroleum deposits.(2)Wild flowers grow (大量地大量地) on the hillsides.is abundant inin abundance153 burden n.( (義務(wù)、責(zé)任等的義務(wù)、責(zé)任等的) )重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)( (duty；responsibility) )；v.( (使使) )擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)負(fù)(

10、(沉重或艱難的任務(wù)、職沉重或艱難的任務(wù)、職責(zé)等責(zé)等)( )(give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.) )應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句法功能的考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句法功能的考查bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden承受承受/擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)負(fù)/減輕減輕/減少減少/分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)burden sb./oneself with sth.加負(fù)擔(dān)于某人或自己加負(fù)擔(dān)于某人或自己be burdened with sth.負(fù)重負(fù)重His invalid father is becoming a burden to him.他父親體弱多病，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)漸漸成了累贅。他父親

11、體弱多病，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)漸漸成了累贅。I dont want to burden you with my problems.我不想讓我的問(wèn)題給你增加負(fù)擔(dān)。我不想讓我的問(wèn)題給你增加負(fù)擔(dān)。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)Too much homework _(對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)講是對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)講是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)).(2)She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night._(用用burden.with改寫(xiě)句子改寫(xiě)句子)_(用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子)is a burden to studentsShe burden

12、ed herself with five children and she had to work day and night.Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.4vacant adj.空著的空著的( (empty) )；無(wú)人；無(wú)人用用的；的；( (職位職位) )空缺的；茫然的；空缺的；茫然的；失神的失神的a vacant seat空座空座a vacant expression茫然的神情茫然的神情In every major city there are more vacant buildings than th

13、ere are homeless people.各大城市里空置的樓房比無(wú)家可歸的人都多。各大城市里空置的樓房比無(wú)家可歸的人都多。The post of chairman has been vacant for some time.主席之位已經(jīng)空缺一段時(shí)間了。主席之位已經(jīng)空缺一段時(shí)間了。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)Are there any rooms empty in this hotel？_emptyvacant5 elect v.選舉；推選；選擇；決定做某事選舉；推選；選擇；決定做某事elect sb.as.選舉某人擔(dān)任選舉某人擔(dān)任elect sb.to.選舉某人到選舉某人到( (職位職位)

14、 )win/lose an election在選舉中獲勝在選舉中獲勝/失敗失敗run for election參加競(jìng)選參加競(jìng)選23She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成為第一個(gè)被選進(jìn)參議院的黑人婦女。她成為第一個(gè)被選進(jìn)參議院的黑人婦女。He was elected as MP for Oxford East.他被選為牛津東區(qū)的議員。他被選為牛津東區(qū)的議員。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空(1)Those _ (elect) to smoke will be seated at the rear.(2)In Ame

15、rica，presidential _ (elect) are held every four years.(3)Besides，in November they may elect him _ president.(4)If we all get behind Mr.Smith we can easily elect him _ that office.electingelectionsasto6 undertake v.著手做；從事；承擔(dān)著手做；從事；承擔(dān)；許諾，答應(yīng)；許諾，答應(yīng)undertaken./pron.承擔(dān)承擔(dān)undertake to do.著手做著手做，答應(yīng)做答應(yīng)做undert

16、ake for.為為負(fù)責(zé)負(fù)責(zé)26Ill leave you to undertake an important mission.我要讓你承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)重要使命。我要讓你承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)重要使命。She undertook responsibility for the changes.她承擔(dān)了這些變革的責(zé)任。她承擔(dān)了這些變革的責(zé)任。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)He undertook that he would finish the job by Friday._(改為簡(jiǎn)單句改為簡(jiǎn)單句)He undertook to finish the job by Friday.7sentence v.& n.判決，宣判判決，宣判serv

17、e a sentence服刑服刑a life sentence終身監(jiān)禁終身監(jiān)禁pass sentence on sb.對(duì)某人判刑對(duì)某人判刑sentence sb.to sth.給某人判給某人判刑；宣判某人刑；宣判某人罪刑罪刑The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.這個(gè)犯人已服刑期滿，明天將釋放。這個(gè)犯人已服刑期滿，明天將釋放。The judge sentenced the murderer to death.法官判處那個(gè)殺人犯死刑。法官判處那個(gè)殺人犯死刑。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空(1)The jud

18、ge will pass sentence him.(2)A military court sentenced him death in his absence.onto3重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)突破重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)突破1 come into being( (existence) )形成；開(kāi)始存在；產(chǎn)生形成；開(kāi)始存在；產(chǎn)生come into force( (法律法律) )實(shí)施，生效實(shí)施，生效come into effect生效生效come into power當(dāng)權(quán)當(dāng)權(quán)come into office就職就職come into use/service開(kāi)始使用開(kāi)始使用come into the habit of養(yǎng)成養(yǎng)成的

19、習(xí)慣的習(xí)慣This decision，which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free，will come into effect next year.這個(gè)決定旨在使所有的室內(nèi)公共區(qū)域都變成無(wú)煙區(qū)，這個(gè)決定旨在使所有的室內(nèi)公共區(qū)域都變成無(wú)煙區(qū)，從明年開(kāi)始生效。從明年開(kāi)始生效。 (廣東廣東基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作)How words came into being is unknown.單詞是怎樣形成的并不為人所知。單詞是怎樣形成的并不為人所知。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)The new law _(將生效將生效) next month.(2)The bi

20、g hotel _(已經(jīng)投已經(jīng)投入使用入使用).(3)Ive _ (養(yǎng)成養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣的習(xí)慣) reading novels in my spare time.will come into force/effecthas come into use/servicecome into the habit of2 show off炫耀炫耀show.out領(lǐng)領(lǐng)出去出去show sb.around/round領(lǐng)某人參觀領(lǐng)某人參觀show.in帶或領(lǐng)帶或領(lǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)進(jìn)來(lái)( (lead/guide.in) )show up出席；到場(chǎng)出席；到場(chǎng)on show在展出在展出Peter is keen to show of

21、f his new car.彼得喜歡炫耀他的新車(chē)。彼得喜歡炫耀他的新車(chē)。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)用用show off，show up的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空He promised to come but did not in the end.Mary was her engagement ring.(2)請(qǐng)你把參觀者領(lǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)，好嗎？請(qǐng)你把參觀者領(lǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)，好嗎？(翻譯句子翻譯句子)_show upshowing offShow the visitors in，will you?363 keep an eye/ones eyes on留神注意；留意；照看留神注意；留意；照看( (take care of)

22、 )fix ones eyes on/upon注視，凝視注視，凝視( (stare at) )have a good eye for sth.對(duì)對(duì)有鑒賞眼光有鑒賞眼光look sb.in the eye直視直視( (正視正視) )某人某人have/get ones eye on sb./sth.看中某人看中某人/物物catch ones eye引起某人的注意；吸引某人的目光引起某人的注意；吸引某人的目光37Please keep an eye on the baby for me.請(qǐng)?zhí)嫖艺湛匆幌聥雰骸Ｕ?qǐng)?zhí)嫖艺湛匆幌聥雰骸?夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空(1)Could you do me a fav

23、or and keep an eye my luggage?(2)Gail has a good eye fashion.(3)Can you look me the eye and tell me youre not lying?(4)Ive got my eye a nice little sports car that Im saving up for.onforinon4句法與語(yǔ)法突破句法與語(yǔ)法突破句型公式 What if.？1 What if some married people have affairs？如果有？如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么辦呢？些已婚人士有婚外情怎么辦呢？40W

24、hat if.？“如果如果將會(huì)怎樣；即使將會(huì)怎樣；即使又有又有什么關(guān)系？什么關(guān)系？”為省略結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于為省略結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于What shall we/I do if.？。？。what if中中what可看作是可看作是what should sb.do或或what does it matter或或what would happen的省略。的省略。what if用于提出假設(shè)時(shí)，其后句用于提出假設(shè)時(shí)，其后句子可用陳述語(yǔ)氣子可用陳述語(yǔ)氣( (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) )，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣( (一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形) )。What for？為何目的，為何理由？為

25、何目的，為何理由？So what？那又怎么樣？那又怎么樣？What/How about.？怎么樣？怎么樣？Guess what？你知道？你知道嗎？嗎？Whats up？Whats the matter？怎么了？怎么了？42What if she finds out that you have lost her book?如果她發(fā)現(xiàn)你弄丟了她的書(shū)，怎么辦？如果她發(fā)現(xiàn)你弄丟了她的書(shū)，怎么辦？What if we fail/failed/should fail?萬(wàn)一我們失敗了，怎么辦？萬(wàn)一我們失敗了，怎么辦？43 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)如果下周的數(shù)學(xué)考試我不及格怎么辦？如果下周的數(shù)學(xué)考試我不及格怎么辦？(翻譯句子

26、翻譯句子)_What if I fail the math exam next week?2 The global population at present is about 6 billion with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above.現(xiàn)在全球現(xiàn)在全球人口大約人口大約60億，每?jī)|，每10人就有人就有1人的年齡在人的年齡在60歲或以上歲或以上。句型公式 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above為為“with復(fù)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)合賓語(yǔ)”作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)?！皐ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中多作狀語(yǔ)

27、，也可以作定語(yǔ)。常在句中多作狀語(yǔ)，也可以作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：( (1) )with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)doing( (2) )with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)done( (3) )with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)adj.( (4) )with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)adv.( (5) )with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)to do( (6) )with賓語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。他和衣躺在床上。She sat still in the chair，with her eyes closed.她一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐在椅子里，雙眼緊閉。她一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐在椅子里，雙眼

28、緊閉。 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空(1)With winter (come) on，its time to buy warm clothes.(2)With all the things she needed (buy)，she went home happily.(3)With nothing (do)，Tom sleeps at ingbought to do 3 單元語(yǔ)法單元語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空(1)Its high time that we (get) down to work.(2)I would rather you (come) tomorrow.(3)We demanded th

29、at we (need) more time to relax.got/should getcame(should) need(4)You ought to (do) your work yesterday，but you went out to call on your friends.(5)If I were you，I (go) abroad next year.have donewould go5五年高考五年高考 最新模擬最新模擬.短文改錯(cuò) (2012陜西) My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when w

30、e visit Beijing last month.It is in the downtown area，but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. 高考題組 We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath.What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.I als

31、o shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.答案53.寫(xiě)作常用句翻譯1.我們必須嚴(yán)格自愿地遵守交通規(guī)則。(voluntary)(2013江蘇書(shū)面表達(dá))_2.美麗的月亮掛在夜空中，我們坐在一

32、起吃著月餅和水果，分享著彼此的故事。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))(2013遼寧書(shū)面表達(dá))_We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules.With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.3.學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān)多年來(lái)一直是熱門(mén)話題，但是父母的學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān)多年來(lái)一直是熱門(mén)話題，但是父母的擔(dān)子很少引起關(guān)注尤其是子女的。擔(dān)子很少引起關(guān)注尤其是子女的。(burden)(2011江蘇江蘇書(shū)面表達(dá)書(shū)面表達(dá))

33、_The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，especially from their own children. 模擬題組.語(yǔ)法填空1.We would rather our daughter _ (stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.2.The old couple often take a walk

34、after supper in the park with their pet dog _ (follow) them.3.When _ (ask) for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.stayedfollowingasked4.Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _ (do) something instead of just talking.5.Tired，Jim was fast asle

35、ep with his back _ a big tree.6.She got off the bus，_ (burden) with two heavy suitcases.7.The plane is due to take off at 7：50 from the airport. _ if we fail to arrive there in time?Try to take another flight then.didagainstburdened What 8.What is the trouble with you?I dont know.The manager went ou

36、t of the office，with his eyes _ (fix) on me.9.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.10.How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except _ our car broke down twice on the way.fixedwiththat.單句改錯(cuò)1.Burdened such a big family，he had to work hard a

37、ll day long. _2.Be honest，which is virtue. _3.With her elected the committee，we are more confident._ Burdened后加上后加上withis后加上后加上aelected后加上后加上to5.I dont know when the Roman Empire came to being. _6.Dont take any notice of him.He is just showing around. _7.Nobody gets away insulting me like that._toin

38、toaroundoffaway后加上后加上with8.I would rather that you didnt smoke._9.Apart good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes._10.You must resign yourselves to wait a bit longer. _去掉去掉thatApart后加上后加上fromwaitwaiting .寫(xiě)作句式升級(jí)訓(xùn)練To my great surprise，he made such great progress._(用what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)句子)What surprised me most was that he made such great progress.