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Section Ⅱ　Language Points (Ⅰ) (Warmup & Lesson 1) [語 言 基 礎 自 測] [高頻詞匯必會] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞 1．His success is entirely(完全的) due to hard work. 2．You left out the possibility(可能性) that the train might be late. 3．If Im not mistaken(錯誤的)，thats the man we saw on the bus. 4．Failure(失敗) is the only highroad to success. 5．You can never predict(預測) what would happen next. 6．She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency． 7．The gifted young scientist was much in the public eye. 8．Do other people accuse you of being selfcentered? 9．His disability prevented him from going to college. 10．He gave a description of what he had seen. Ⅱ.拓展詞匯 根據(jù)詞性或漢語提示，寫出下列單詞 1．connect vt. 聯(lián)系；連接→connection n. 聯(lián)系；連接 2．gift n. 禮物；天賦→gifted adj. 有天賦的 3．describe vt. 描述→description n. 描述；形容 4．predict vt. 預言→prediction n. 預言；預測 5．associate vt. 聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系→association n. 聯(lián)想；協(xié)會 6．disabled adj. 殘疾的→disability n. 殘疾；無能力 Ⅲ.補全短語 根據(jù)提示補全下列短語 1．e up with 　　　　　 提出，想出 2．concentrate on 集中于；專注于 3．talk sb.into doing sth. 勸服某人做某事 4．draw up 起草 5．end up 最后落得……的結局(下場) 6．on the other hand 另一方面 7．in terms of 就某事來說；從某個角度上看 8．be willing to do sth. 樂意做某事 9．have attitude towards 對于……的態(tài)度 10．accuse sb.of 指責，控告 Ⅳ.選詞填空 用上述短語的適當形式填空 1．I dont know whether he is willing to e. 2．You will end up in debt if you keep on spending money like that. 3．She was accused of spying for the enemy. 4．The childrens attention was focused on the stage. 5．Never expect him to e up with a brilliant idea. 6．The two countries drew up a peace treaty after the war ended. v.＋ion→n. v.＋sb＋of→動詞短語 action　　 行為，活動 discussion 商討 appreciation 欣賞；感激 inform...of... 告知某人某事 rob...of... 搶某人某物 cure...of... 治愈某人某種疾病 [經(jīng)典句式必背] 背教材原句 記句式結構 仿寫促落實 1. It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. 人們普遍認為，高情商的人易于接受新的觀點，而且對生活有著積極的態(tài)度。 It is believed that...句型 人們相信我們隊會贏得這場比賽的勝利。 It is believed that our team will win the match. 2. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someones future success，their character，as measured by EQ tests，might actually matter more than their IQ. 薩洛維教授以自己的學術研究作為依據(jù)，認為預測一個人未來的成功，其性格(可用EQ來測量)，實際上比其智力(可用IQ測量)的作用更為重要。 過去分詞作狀語 李蕾得知母親生病了，馬上趕回了家。 Told that her mother was ill，Li Lei hurried home quickly. 3. At work，it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. 在職場上，你的智商決定了你能否被錄用，而情商則決定了你能否得到提拔。 強調句 是你的艱苦勞動成就了你的成功。 It is your hard work that contributes to your success. 4. On the other hand，there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations... 另一方面，毫無疑問的是，低情商的人經(jīng)常在與別人相處和處理困難形勢時有問題…… There is little/no doubt that...句型 毫無疑問，他這次一定會成功。 There is no doubt that he will succeed this time. [核 心 要 點 探 究] [全析重點詞匯] connection n. 聯(lián)系；連接 (教材P119)Police are looking for four people in connection with a crime. 警察正在尋找與一宗犯罪有關的四個人。 [歸納拓展] (1) be connected to　　　 把……連上 be connected with 把……與……連接起來 be connected by 被……連接在一起 (2) in connection with 關于 ①We connect the word “blue” with the color of the sky. 我們由“藍”這個字會聯(lián)想到晴空的顏色。 ②The whole world is connected by puters and it is being smaller and smaller. 整個世界被電腦連在了一起，世界變得越來越小了。 ③Please connect the puter to the Internet. 請將電腦連上網(wǎng)絡。 ④I am writing to you in connection with your job application. 此信是有關你求職一事的。 e up with想出，提出，提供；趕上，超過 (教材P8)Analyse your problems and e up with a plan to improve your grade. 分析你的問題并提出一項計劃來提高你的成績。 [歸納拓展] e about　　　　 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 e back 回來 e into 進入，得到 e across 偶然遇見 e on 到來；趕快；得了吧 e up 走近；發(fā)生；被提出 e to 蘇醒；總計；達到 e out 出來；出版 ①When will his new novel e out? 他新創(chuàng)作的小說什么時候出版？ ②We came across an old man lying in the road.我們碰見一位老人躺在路上。 ③A number of questions came up at the meeting. 會議上提出了許多問題。 concentrate vt. 集中；聚集 vi. 集中；聚集，全神貫注 (教材P8)．..concentrate on other courses. 把精力集中在其他課程上。 [歸納拓展] (1)concentrate on　　　　　　 集中于……；專注于…… (2)concentration n. 專心；專注 keep ones concentration 保持注意力 ①Its too hot to concentrate on books. 天太熱不能集中心思看書。 ②He was calm and concentrated on judging(judge) how to play against Harry. 他很沉著，聚精會神地考慮如何和哈利比賽。 ③I cant keep my concentration(concentrate) on my studies with all that noise going on. 吵鬧聲不絕于耳，我無法集中于學習。 talk sb.into doing sth.勸服某人做某事 (教材P8)Go and see your teacher and try to talk him or her into giving you a better grade. 去找你的任課老師，想法說服他(她)給你提高分數(shù)。 [歸納拓展] 類似的常用表達有： persuade sb.to do sth.＝persuade sb.into doing sth. 說服某人做某事 persuade sb.not to do sth.＝persuade sb.out of doing sth. 說服某人不做某事(成功說服) advise sb.to do sth.＝try to persuade sb.to do sth. 勸說某人做某事(不涉及是否成功) ①They finally talked him into taking up the job. 他們最后勸得他接受了這個工作。 ②The boy persuaded his sister to teach him the English song. ＝The boy persuaded his sister into teaching(teach) him the English song. 那個男孩說服了他姐姐教他那首英文歌曲。 draw up草擬，制訂；(使)車、馬等停住 (教材P8)Draw up an agenda and discuss it with the group. 起草一個日程表，并同組員討論。 [歸納拓展] draw on　　　 臨近；接近 draw in (天黑)漸早；(白晝)漸短；(汽車等)到站 draw back 退縮 draw sb.into 使某人卷入，使某人參與 draw out (火車)緩緩開出；(白天)逐漸變長；延長 ①It may already be too late to draw back． 現(xiàn)在退縮或許為時太晚了。 ②Dont get drawn into colleagues personal lives. 不要糾纏于同事的私人生活中。 ③The nights are drawing in． 天黑的越來越早了。 (教材P8)For example，have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class，who you think deserve good grades，sometimes end up failing exams? 例如，你想過為什么班里有些最聰明的學生，你認為應該取得好成績，有時結果會考不及格呢？ (1)deserve vt.應受；值得 [歸納拓展] deserve to do sth.　　　　　　　　 應該做…… deserve to be done＝deserve doing 值得被…… deserve consideration/attention 值得考慮/注意 ①Sun Yang deserves to be honoured because he has bee the pride of China. 孫楊值得給予榮譽，因為他已成為中國的驕傲。 ②I think your suggestion deserves considering/to be considered． 我想你的建議值得考慮。 ③Ewaste deserves to be made(make) good use of. 電子垃圾應該被充分利用。 [名師點津]　 與deserve一樣跟動名詞的主動形式表被動意思的還有：need，want，require。 (2)end up結束；告終 [歸納拓展] end up with　　 以……結束，以……告終 end up (doing) 最后(有某種局面)……，以做……而告終 end up as 最后成為 ①It is possible that one day we will end up with a disability.很可能某一天我們終究會變成殘疾。 ②They win no ones trust and will end up having (have)no friends at all.他們不會贏得任何人的信任，到頭來什么朋友都沒有。 ③Stop spending so fast，or youll end up as a beggar.不要大手大腳地亂花錢，否則你最終會成為乞丐的。 [名師點津]　 end up后面可以跟形容詞、介詞短語或動詞ing形式作狀語。 in terms of就……而言；從……方面 (教材P9)Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a persons EQ，especially in terms of “people skills”……有些(科學家)正在嘗試研究改善一個人的EQ的可能性，特別是在“人際方面”…… [歸納拓展] in the long(short)term　　　　 從長遠(目前)來看 e to terms(with sb./sth.) 與……達成協(xié)議，忍受、屈服于…… keep on good terms with sb. 同某人保持友好關系 be on good/bad terms with sb. 與某人交情好/不好 ①We hope to make great profit in the long term. 我們希望長期獲利。 ②We must aim for world peace in the long term. 我們要爭取持久的世界和平。 ③Shes always trying to keep on good terms with her neighbors. 她總是設法與鄰居保持友好。 accuse vt. 控告 (教材P9)Accused of stealing money，the man was brought to court. 那個人因被指控偷了錢而被帶上法庭。 [歸納拓展] accuse sb.of　　　 控告某人犯有……(罪) be accused of 被控告犯有……(罪) the accused 被告 ①The police accused him of murder. 警方控告他犯了謀殺罪。 ②She was accused of sheltering(shelter) a murderer. 她被指控隱匿兇手。 ③The accused(accuse) has the right to defense. 被告人有權獲得辯護。 [突破重點句式] (教材P8)At work，it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. 在職場上，你的智商決定了你能否被錄用，而情商則決定了你能否得到提拔。 【要點提煉】　 句中it is...that...為強調結構，此句中含有兩個強調句，是對主語“IQ”和“EQ”進行強調的。 [歸納拓展] (1) 強調結構的陳述式為“It is (was) ＋ 被強調部分 ＋ that (who) ...”。該結構可用于強調主語、賓語、狀語等，但不能強調謂語動詞。該句式中用that或who的區(qū)別是：當被強調的指人時，用that或who均可；當被強調的不是指人時，則只能用that(注意不用which)。 (2) 一般疑問句的強調結構就是將be提到句首，即使用“Is/Was it＋ 被強調部分 ＋that/who...”。 (3)特殊疑問句的強調結構句型為“疑問詞(Who/What/When/Where/Why/ How)＋is/was it that...”這樣的形式。 ①今天早上我在公園碰見了湯姆。 I saw Tom in the park this morning. →It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning.(強調主語) →It was Tom that/whom I saw in the park this morning.(強調賓語) →It was in the park that I saw Tom this morning.(強調地點狀語) →It was this morning that I saw Tom in the park.(強調時間狀語) ②It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance. 重要的不是誰對了而是什么對了。 (教材P9)On the other hand，there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations... 另一方面，毫無疑問的是，低情商的人經(jīng)常在與別人相處和處理困難形勢時有問題…… 【要點提煉】　當doubt用于否定句和疑問句時，后面的從句用that引導；用于肯定句時，后面的從句用whether/if引導。 [歸納拓展] (1)There is no doubt that...　　　 毫無疑問…… I have no doubt that... 我確信…… I have some doubt whether... 我懷疑…… (2)I doubt whether/ifclause 我懷疑…… I dont doubt thatclause 我不懷疑…… Do you doubt thatclause? 你懷疑……嗎？ ①I dont doubt that he will succeed. 我不懷疑他會成功。 ②I doubt whether/if we will make a profit out of it. 我認為我們是否能從中獲利。 ③There is some doubt whether she will e on time. 她是否準時來有點讓人懷疑。 [解構長句難句] 1．When they see other students doing better than them，they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change facts. 【分析】　本句是一個復合句，when引導一個時間狀語從句；believe后跟了that引導的賓語從句；they can do是一個省略了關系詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞nothing。 【翻譯】　當他們看到其他學生比他們表現(xiàn)好時，他們通常認為那些學生智商比他們高，并且他們對改變這些事實無能為力。 2．Supported by his academic research，Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someones future success，their character，as measured by EQ tests，might actually matter more than their IQ. 【分析】　句首的過去分詞短語“Supported by his academic research”作狀語；“that when...their IQ”是that引導的賓語從句，其中“when predicting...success” 作時間狀語，“as measured by EQ tests”作方式狀語。 【翻譯】　薩洛維教授以自己的學術研究作為依據(jù)，認為預測一個人未來的成功，其性格(可用EQ來測量)，實際上比其智力(可用IQ測量)的作用更為重要。 [隨 堂 效 果 落 實] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．He was concentrating on his work so that he did not notice me. 2．The two ideas are closely connected(connect)，and should be dealt with together. 3．The test is used to determine candidates strengths(strengthen) and weaknesses. 4．I dont doubt that Jane will continue to work here. 5．It is his enthusiasm that inspires me to work hard. 6．The former football champion is accused of selling heroin to a number of drug users. 7．He gave a description(describe)of what he had seen. 8．If you do wrong，you deserve punishment/punishing/to be punished(punish)． 9．At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)． 10．We argued him out of doing(do) such a stupid thing. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．The question is bound to be e up at the meeting. 去掉be 2．There is no doubt whether the Diaoyu Islands belong to China. whether→that 3．If you continue to steal，youll end up with prison. with→in 4．It was last week we sold our car to a Mexican. we前面加that 5．In term of finance，pany A has great advantage. term→terms Ⅲ.完成句子 1．毫無疑問，我們的實驗會成功的。 There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed. 2．學生們通常是在大廳開會。 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting. 3．自從斯蒂芬娶了我妹妹后，我一直同他關系很好。 Ive been on good terms with Stephen ever since he married my sister. 4．她工作做得很好，應當受到贊揚。 She did a good job，and so she deserved to be praised/praising． 5．我好不容易才勸得他打消了中斷試驗的想法。 It was with difficulty that I talked him out of dropping the experiment． [語 法 專 項 突 破] 過去分詞 [自主領悟] 先觀察原句 后自主感悟 ①At work，it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. ②Supported by his academic research，Professor Salovey suggests that ... ③People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well. ④Professor Mayer，recognised by many as a leading expert in... ⑤They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students feelings pared to students who... ⑥Accused of stealing money，the man was brought to court. ⑦You pretend to be interested. ⑧You feel bored but say nothing. 1.以上句子中的過去分詞或過去分詞短語在句中分別作：句①：賓補；句④、句⑤：定語；句③、句⑦、句⑧：表語；句②、句⑥：狀語。 2.句①hired，promoted與賓語you之間為邏輯上的被動關系/動賓關系。 3.句③、句⑦中mistaken和interested為形容化的過去分詞，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 4.在過去分詞作狀語的句子中，過去分詞分別作：句②：伴隨狀語；句⑥：原因狀語。 [精要點撥] 一、過去分詞作狀語 動詞ed形式作狀語時，可以表示伴隨、原因和條件，還可表示時間、讓步和方式等。 She stood there much disappointed. 她非常失望地站在那里。 Raised in an atmosphere of love，Shaw is always willing to help others. 由于在充滿愛的環(huán)境中長大，肖總是愿意幫助別人。 Given better attention，the cabbages could grow even faster. 如果照管得好，這些卷心菜會生長得更快。 1．動詞ed形式作狀語時，有時前面可帶有連詞，“連詞＋動詞ed形式”相當于省略形式的狀語從句。 When heated(＝When it is heated)，ice will be changed into water. 當冰受熱時，它就會變成水。 Although exhausted by the climb (＝Although he was exhausted by the climb)，he continued his journey. 他雖然爬得很累，但仍繼續(xù)前進。 2．動詞ed形式有時可有其獨立主語，二者構成一種獨立主格結構。動詞ed形式獨立結構多用于書面語中，常用作狀語，用來表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨等。 All their savings gone，the couple started looking for jobs. 積蓄全部用完了，那對夫妻開始找工作。(表原因) He rushed into the room，his face covered with sweat. 他跑進屋來，滿臉是汗。(表伴隨) [即時演練1] 1．Exhausted(exhaust)by the audience，the pop singer left the room. 2．Given(give)good weather，our ship will reach Yantai tomorrow afternoon. 3．Lost(lose) in the mountain for a week，the two students were finally saved by the local police. 二、過去分詞作表語 過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動”之意，主要表示主語的感受(感情)或心理狀態(tài)，主語多為人。 The girl seemed quite satisfied with her job.這姑娘看上去對她的工作很滿意。 She is interested in drawing.她對繪畫感興趣。 1．過去分詞作表語不要與被動語態(tài)混為一體，過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，被動語態(tài)則表示被動的動作。 The road is covered with fallen leaves.路上滿是落葉。(表狀態(tài)) The road is covered by the fallen leaves.道路被落葉覆蓋。(表動作) 2．過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，修飾人；而ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，修飾物。如： Hearing the news，we felt very surprised. 聽到這個消息，我們感到很驚訝。 The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人吃驚。 英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing，amused；encouraging，encouraged; disappointing，disappointed; exciting，excited; puzzling，puzzled; satisfying，satisfied; worrying，worried; tiring，tired; pleasing，pleased; interesting，interested; astonishing，astonished等。 [即時演練2] 4．She was pleased(please)with the plan. 5．The blackboard is broken(break)． 三、過去分詞作賓補 過去分詞可以在allow，ask，consider，desire，expect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，like，make，observe，order，permit，prefer，remember，request，require，see，urge等動詞后作賓語補足語。用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞，表示被動意義或已完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。作賓語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。 The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard. 老師提高了嗓音，以便使大家聽清她的話。 Youd better get the article written before Friday. 你最好在周五前把這篇文章寫出來。 I will have my hair cut this afternoon. 今天下午我要去理發(fā)。 [即時演練3] 6．You should keep her informed(inform)of what is going on there. 7．Ill have the bike repaired(repair)． 8．I saw his eyes fixed(fix) on me with curiosity. 四、過去分詞作定語 過去分詞作定語時，相當于一個定語從句。單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞，即與名詞是動賓關系?，F(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞，即與名詞有主謂關系。 Take away the broken vase.把破碎的花瓶拿走。 The vase broken by him yesterday is still on the table.他昨天打碎的花瓶還在桌子上放著。 Most of the students invited to the garden party(＝who were invited to the garden party) came from our school.大多數(shù)被邀請來參加花園聚會的都來自我們學校。 [名師點津]　 過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。 試比較下面幾組短語： boiled water　　　　　　 開水 boiling water 正沸騰的水 developed countries 發(fā)達國家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 fallen leaves 落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子 changed condition 改變了的情況 changing condition 變化著的情況 [即時演練4] 9．There are a lot of fallen(fall)leaves on the ground. 10．This is the play written(write)by Shakespeare. [應用落實] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Shocked(shock) at the terrible working conditions，we decided to quit the job. 2．Have you noticed classical music usually played(play) by TV mercials for luxury cars? 3．The buildings destroyed(destroy) in the earthquake are being rebuilt now. 4．The old man looked very pleased to see his apartment beautifully decorated(decorate)． 5．The car turned away，heading(head) for the countryside. 6．Recognized(recognize) as a man of many talents，the young man has a promising future. 7．Ways must be found to deal with the constant noise causing (cause) serious health problems. 8．We must have our windows repaired (repair) before winter es，or well freeze. 9．The flight delayed(delay) by the storm is for Xiamen. 10．If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．It carries articles written by foreign friends(由外國朋友寫的)about the cultures of their home countries. 2．If you are interested in it(如果你對這件事感興趣)，let me know and Ill send you more information. 3．Carried out continuously(如果一直執(zhí)行)，it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress. 4．pared to(與……比較起來)“controlled release”，“wild release” has its own advantages. 5．To get this problem solved(為了解決這個問題)，Id like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while. 6．Where work is concerned(關于工作)，I am determined to bee a filmmaker.