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Unit 21 Human Biology Section Ⅳ Grammar 03課后演練提能 [夯實基礎知識] Ⅰ. 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空 1. You have worked hard all day. You ________ be tired. 答案：must 2. —Could I have the television on? —Yes, you ________./No, you ________. 答案：can; cant 3. If that is the case, we ________ as well try. 答案：may/might 4. —Why didnt you answer my phone call? —Well, I ________ have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it. 答案：must 5. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I ________ have done so. The weather was hot. 答案：neednt 6. Mike ________ have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 答案：cant 7. Candidates ________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 答案：shall 8. I ________ rather they didnt hear of the news. 答案：would 9. People ________ die without air or water. 答案：will 10. He ________ speak English before such a crowd. 答案：dare/darent Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. Tom __________________ the exam for he is very happy now. 湯姆一定已經(jīng)通過考試了，因為他現(xiàn)在很高興。 答案：must have passed 2. If he __________________， he __________________ greater progress. 他如果不是因病缺課太多的話，早已經(jīng)取得更大的進步了。 答案：had not been ill and missed many classes; would have made 3. If I ________ you, I __________________ to look for him. 如果我是你，我就會去找他。 答案：were; would go 4. If he ________ here, everything __________________ all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。 答案：were; would be 5. You ________________ more from him, if you had followed him. 如果你跟著他學，你本可以向他學到更多東西的。 答案：might have learned Ⅲ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.(轉(zhuǎn)換為含蓄虛擬條件句) →_____________________________________________________ 答案：Without/But for your help, I would have failed. 2. If I were a teacher, I would have lots of students.(轉(zhuǎn)換為省略句) →_____________________________________________________ 答案：Were I a teacher, I would have lots of students. 3. If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there.(轉(zhuǎn)換為省略句) →_____________________________________________________ 答案：Should we visit Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there. 4. If I had entered Ruian High School, I would not sit here now.(轉(zhuǎn)換為省略句) →_____________________________________________________ 答案：Had I entered Ruian High School, I would not sit here now. 5. Without sunlight or water, all the living things on the earth would die.(轉(zhuǎn)換為if條件句) →_____________________________________________________ 答案：If there were not sunlight or water, all the living things on the earth would die. Ⅳ.單句語法填空(不多于3個單詞) 1. The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol. 答案：mustnt　句意：新的法律規(guī)定，禁止酒后開車?！癿ustnt”不準。 2. It ________ have been her to leave her child alone. She isnt such a person. 答案：couldnt　couldnt表示對過去的否定推測。 3. It was my fault. I ________ (tell) you about the meeting earlier. 答案：should have told　表示“本應該做但沒有做”，用should have done。 4.—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash. 答案：shall　shall與第二、三人稱連用，表示規(guī)則，允諾或具有法律效力的事。 5. I couldnt ________ (go) through that bitter period without your generous help. 答案：have gone　表示對過去情況的虛擬，應用情態(tài)動詞＋完成式。 6. I cant leave. She told me that I ________ stay here until she es back. 答案：must　“must”必須，符合句意。 7. ________ (persuade) him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake. 答案：Had I persuaded　句意：要是我事先說服他不那么做的話，他就不會犯這么嚴重的錯誤了。題干中主句的謂語部分為wouldnt have made，表示該動作與過去事實相反，故條件句用had done的虛擬結構，條件句中有had且省略if時，要將had提到主語之前。 8. If I ________ (learn) my lessons hard, I wouldnt have failed in the final exam. 答案：had learned　根據(jù)主句中的“wouldnt have failed”可知，從句敘述過去的情況，故用過去完成時。 9. Look at the trouble were in. If only we ________ (take) our teachers advice! 答案：had taken　后一句句意：要是我聽從了老師的建議多好！表示與過去情況相反的虛擬，用過去完成時。 10. —How I wish I had studied harder when I was in senior school! —If you had, you ________ (be) a university student now. 答案：would/could/might/should be　句意：——我多么希望在高中的時候?qū)W習能再努力點??！——如果你努力點學習，現(xiàn)在你就是一個大學生了。本題中從句是對過去的虛擬，主句中有時間狀語now，是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，所以用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”的形式。 [提升實戰(zhàn)能力] Ⅴ. 完形填空 I spoke to a group of young people not long ago. When I finished, they ___1___ me to go out with them to have a good time. When I was at their ___2___， I probably would have given in to that temptation (誘惑) and gone. But I ___3___ that evening. A friend of mine, Wes Smith, wrote a humor ___4___ called Wele to the Real World, and in it he ___5___ advice to fresh high school and college graduates. He had a line in the book that was the ___6___ I faced that night. It said, “Having a drink with the boys after work every night is a ___7___ idea. Notice that the ___8___ doesnt do it. That is why he is the boss and they are ___9___ the boys.” Wes told me that he wrote that line with a group of hardpartying ___10___ businessmen in mind, and five years after the book came ___11___， he ran into one of them. The guy ___12___ that hed read that line in Wess book and decided ___13___ to go drinking after work again. It ___14___， he said. He had risen to a vice presidency at a savings and loan. In my drive to bee a public ___15___， I developed that kind of focus， too. There is not a lot of time for hard partying if you are ___16___ greatness. It was not that these young fellows were not serious about their interest in professional speaking, ___17___ they were just serious about having a good time. I dont believe they were ___18___ on their goals. Rather than the party crowd, I prefer to seek out people with ___19___ that might be useful. I like to find out what books ___20___ people are reading. I want access to the information that contributes to their success. 語篇導讀：結合自己和朋友的經(jīng)歷，作者告訴我們一個深刻的道理：要想成功，就要執(zhí)著追求。 1. A．forced　　　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)dvised C．a(chǎn)llowed D．invited 答案：D　根據(jù)上下文可知，一群年輕人邀請(invite)作者和他們一起出去。文中沒有“逼迫”、“建議”或“允許”的意思。 2. A．time B．a(chǎn)ge C．place D．hope 答案：B　作者想到，當自己在他們這個年齡(age)的時候，或許會屈服于這種出去玩樂的誘惑。 3. A．refused B．continued C．hesitated D．succeeded 答案：A　聯(lián)系下文尤其是第四段的描述可知，那天晚上作者并沒有接受他們的邀請，而是拒絕(refuse)了。 4. A．joke B．story C．diary D．book 答案：D　根據(jù)第11空前的“... after the book came...”可知，此處指Smith寫了一本幽默“書籍”。 5. A．passed B．offered C．followed D．changed 答案：B　在Smith的書中，他給高中新生和大學畢業(yè)生們提供了一些建議。 6. A．trouble B．condition C．promise D．situation 答案：D　此處指作者那晚所面臨的情況(situation)。 7. A．bad B．good C．real D．great 答案：A　根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，老板不會像他們那樣做，這就是他成功的原因。由此可推知，Smith認為每天下班后和其他人出去喝酒是一個壞(bad)主意。 8. A．clerk B．soldier C．boss D．customer 答案：C　結合下句中的“這就是他為什么是老板的原因”可推知，此處指老板(boss)是不會那么做的。 9. A．even B．still C．just D．a(chǎn)lso 答案：B　此處用老板的成功對比這幾個年輕人的不成功，故still符合題意。 10. A．old B．clever C．rich D．young 答案：D　聯(lián)系第5空后的內(nèi)容可知，Smith的信是寫給年輕人的，故此處指年輕的(young)生意人。 11. A．out B．in C．up D．on 答案：A　此處指Smith的這本書出版五年后的一天?！癳 out”出版。 12. A．introduced B．a(chǎn)greed C．volunteered D．a(chǎn)dmitted 答案：C　Smith并沒有要求他做什么，小伙子主動說自己讀了Smith書里的那段話，故用volunteer。 13. A．often B．never C．a(chǎn)lways D．ever 答案：B　結合第二段倒數(shù)第三句Smith的觀點可知，此處指小伙子說他決定下班后永遠不(never)出去喝酒了。 14. A．went along B．took place C．turned up D．paid off 答案：D　根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，小伙子的事業(yè)有了起色，故他說自己的努力奏效(pay off)了。 15. A．speaker B．teacher C．lawyer D．leader 答案：A　根據(jù)文章第一句“I spoke to a group of young people not long ago.”以及第17空前的“their interest in professional speaking”可推知，作者是演講者(speaker)。 16. A．showing B．owning C．pursuing D．enjoying 答案：C　本句意為：如果你追求(pursue)卓越，那你就沒有太多時間聚會。 17. A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so 答案：B　分析上下文的邏輯關系可知，此處表達的是轉(zhuǎn)折意義，故用連詞but。 18. A．based B．placed C．fixed D．focused 答案：D　根據(jù)上文可知，如果只想玩得快樂，那他們就無法把注意力放在自己的目標上。“be focused on”關注。 19. A．knowledge B．power C．information D．treasure 答案：A　根據(jù)上下文可知，作者不愿去參加聚會，而是去找出那些有有用的知識(knowledge)的人。 20. A．wealthy B．positive C．successful D．modest 答案：C　根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，作者想了解“成功”人士所讀的書，了解他們成功的秘訣。 Ⅵ. 閱讀理解 The ideal relationship between brothers and sisters is obviously different from the realistic relationships that exist between brothers and sisters. Anyone who has had either a brother, a sister or both will know a little bit about sibling_rivalry. Sibling rivalry does not necessarily stem from (源于) the desire to be the “favorite” among ones parents. In fact， sibling rivalry can also be attributed to a sort of natural petition that arises between people, especially those living close to one another. Already, childhood describes and shapes the development of the relationships between siblings. So that type of hostile relationship may not continue throughout the siblings lives. This observation is apparent in many sibling relationships, even my own. Yet, what can explain the change that happens? Perhaps, it has something to do with maturity (成熟). Maturity focuses on ones relationships, even those between siblings. Whether or not maturity directly acplishes the creation of friendly terms between siblings is not entirely clear, but it is apparent that maturity helps to explain why siblings take focus away from creating antagonism (對立) and instead direct it towards munity. If the old saying, “Blood is thicker than water”， is applied to sibling relationships, we find that genetic relationships can enhance social relationships. So, even if we want sibling relationships to be peaceful and loving, we cannot expect those friendly terms to exist always. What is important in this type of relationship is the concept of forgiveness. Forgiveness can heal any wound, and in the case of sibling relationships, it can be the path to a life of togetherness and solidarity (團結)． Therefore, it is entirely true that we cannot pick and choose who is in our family. But, we can learn to live together peaceably despite our differences. This not only applies to sibling relationships, but to all relationships in general. 語篇導讀：手足之爭不一定是來源于希望得到父母更多的愛，實際上還可能是出于一種人與人之間的自然競爭。本文作者對這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其發(fā)展和影響進行了分析和解讀。 1. The underlined phrase “sibling rivalry” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A. siblings pete for more love from their parents B. parents can hardly treat their children equally C. people would like to live close to one another D. students work hard together at their lessons 答案：A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文(第一段第一句到第三句)的意思可知，sibling rivalry在此處指“手足之爭”，即兄弟姐妹們爭相得到父母更多的愛。 2. Which of the following can lead to a peaceful and solid life? A. The concept of determination. B. The quality of forgiveness. C. The friendly relationships. D. The spirit of bravery. 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，原諒對穩(wěn)固家庭關系很有幫助，有利于促進家庭的和睦與團結。 3. If we want to build good relationships, we should ________. A. try our best to choose outgoing siblings B. be always ready to help each other C. accept all the different personalities D. try to be quite different from others 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，接受各自的不同個性是建立良好關系的關鍵。 Ⅶ. 短文改錯 Dear Smith， Im delighted that you have accepted our invitation to speak at my school the next week. As you agreed, youll speak over the topic Prepare for the Future, the one which will be importantly for our career. And I write to you discuss more details about your speech. First, could you please let me know which kind of audio equipment you need? Because we need to make you hear clearly. Beside, we need to know what specific needs you have when you stay here and I can make some arrangement in advance. Whats more, Ill have enough time to make sure the hotel provided you with what we need. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 答案： Dear Smith， Im delighted that you have accepted our invitation to speak at my school next week. As you agreed, youll speak the topic Prepare for the Future, the one which will be for our career. And I write to you discuss more details about your speech. First, could you please let me know kind of audio equipment you need? Because we need to make you clearly. ， we need to know what specific needs you have when you stay here and I can make some in advance. Whats more, Ill have enough time to make sure the hotel you with what need. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua