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課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(四) [語言知識(shí)練習(xí)固基礎(chǔ)] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Its tiring(tired)to sweep all the rooms by myself. 2．He was having(have) breakfast when I came in. 3．When crossing(cross) the street，you should be careful. 4．You can imagine what would happen if your airplane took off at 60 degrees. 5．I have lost everything that was precious to me，including(include) my family. 6．Her parents as well as she are(be) very kind to me. 7．He misses his mother very much，who died(die) in an accident. 8．Not all men get that，as we know，but the majority(major) of men do. 9．It makes no difference(differ)to you，but it does to me. 10．He caused his parents great anxiety(anxious) by cycling long distances alone. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．她把時(shí)間算得太緊了，在飛機(jī)起飛前五分鐘才趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)。 She cut it fine when she got to the airport only five minutes before the plane took off． 2．我對(duì)他一天到晚制造噪音感到很厭煩。 Im tired of his making so much noise at all hours of the day. 3．在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。 In the presence of so many people he was a little nervous，which was understandable． 4．電視和無線電是不同的，因?yàn)樗l(fā)送和接收?qǐng)D像。 Television differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures. 5．父親抽煙抽得很厲害。我們都擔(dān)心他的健康并勸他戒煙。 Dad is a heavy smoker.We are anxious about his health and ask him to give up smoking. [高考題型練習(xí)提能力] Ⅰ.閱讀理解 The sky began to look a little kinder and the winter said its goodbyes.Springtime had officially arrived，thankfully so.The winter had been cruel，as the ice had caused Tara to fall more than once this year. Today，all the snow and ice were gone for good.Tara was excited to get outside，breathe in the air and drink in the sunshine.Her brother was eager to run and get into mischief (搞惡作劇) as usual.At least with him being outdoors，he could play tricks on animals and leave her alone. Her plans today were to search for signs of spring.Since she knew crocuses (番紅花) were the first flower to e up in the spring，she walked around the house and had a look at the grass in front of the house.No crocuses were there.Then Tara remembered that the year before a few dozen crocuses had sprouted behind the barn (谷倉)．She ran as fast as she could to the spot.After pushing away some grass and dead leaves，there in the dirt were little green leaves greeting the sky.Tara was delighted. Then she went to find animals that were waking up from their winter naps.Acting like a secret agent，she dashed from tree to tree.After a while，she decided that her quick movements might be scaring the animals away，so she found a large rock and sat on top of it.Then she saw a hedgehog (刺猬) making its way across the edge of the wood and the chipmunks (花栗鼠) sticking their heads out from the ground. The day could not have turned out better for Tara.She came back to her home and saw her brother chasing the chickens across the yard.Tara figured that maybe that was how her brother had decided to spend his first day of spring.However，she knew her first day of spring was much，much better. 【語篇解讀】　寒冷的冬天說再見了，溫和明媚的春天到來了，Tara興奮地去尋找春的氣息，她找到了剛發(fā)芽的番紅花，看到了從冬眠中醒來的刺猬和花栗鼠。這一天對(duì)她來說是美好的一天。 1．When the spring had arrived， ． A．the ice often caused Tara to fall B．there was still some snow and ice C．Tara was excited that she could go out with her brother D．Taras brother still liked to run and play tricks D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The winter had been cruel，as the ice had cause Tara to fall...”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段“...all the snow and ice were gone for good.”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段可知Tara很興奮是因?yàn)榭梢猿鋈ズ粑迈r空氣，享受明媚的陽光，而她哥哥仍然喜歡搗蛋和到處跑，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)正確。] 2．What does the underlined word “sprouted” in the third paragraph mean? A．Grew.　　 B．Planted. C．Buried. D．Died. A　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“After pushing away some grass and dead leaves，there in the dirt were little green leaves greeting the sky.”可知番紅花已經(jīng)從地里長(zhǎng)出來，發(fā)芽了，故A項(xiàng)正確。] 3．How was Tara able to see the animals as they woke up from their winter naps? A．She hid behind some trees. B．She sat silently on the top of a rock. C．She moved quickly from tree to tree. D．She ran after the animals when she saw them. B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知Tara發(fā)現(xiàn)走動(dòng)太快可能會(huì)把動(dòng)物嚇跑，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊大石頭然后坐在了上面，才看到了刺猬和花栗鼠。] 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Hanging Out Alone B．A Perfect First Day of Spring C．The Symbol of Spring D．Where to Go in Spring B　[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章講述了春天到來，Tara出去尋找標(biāo)志著春天到來的第一株植物和從冬眠中醒來的動(dòng)物，這對(duì)Tara來說是春天里一個(gè)完美的第一天。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句也可知B項(xiàng)最為合適。] Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 How to make friends at a new school Starting with a new school can be difficult.Everything seems to be different，and you dont even know where to go for your own classes. 1 However，if you use these skills，you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends. Be yourself. 2 If some people dont accept you，theyre not the kind of friends you need.People often stay together because they have similar interests.For example，someone who does a lot of sport may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot. 3 Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school.If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad，do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you.Also，remember to be as helpful as possible! Believe in yourself. A smile goes a long way.When you walk in the halls，dont keep your eyes on the floor.Raise your head and make eye contact (目光接觸) with other people. 4 Introduce yourself.Tell them your name and where youre from. Remember peoples names. You like it when people use your name，and so do other people. 5 Besides，ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname (昵稱)．Youd be surprised how often this might e in handy. A．Be friendly to others. B．Making new friends can be hard，too. C．Join afterschool activities you like. D．Never change who you are to try and fit in. E．If you see someone you know，smile or say. F．People may bee angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time. G．Dont sit at the back of the classroom where other people dont notice you! 【語篇解讀】　這篇短文主要介紹了如何融入一個(gè)新的學(xué)校。了解新學(xué)校，善待每一個(gè)人，與不同的人交談，和新同學(xué)交朋友，堅(jiān)持做你自己，但要有禮貌。 1．B　[根據(jù)上句：從一所新學(xué)校開始可能很困難。一切似乎都不一樣，你甚至不知道怎樣去自己的班。由此可知，交新朋友也可能是困難的，故選B。] 2．D　[本段標(biāo)題Be yourself.做你自己。再根據(jù)下文：如果有些人不接受你，他們就不是你需要的那種朋友?？芍肋h(yuǎn)不要改變你是誰來嘗試和改變，故選D。] 3．A　[本空是一個(gè)小標(biāo)題。應(yīng)該用短小精悍的祈使句，所以在A/C/D/G中選擇，D項(xiàng)已被選走，G項(xiàng)太長(zhǎng)，因此最有可能在A/C中選擇。再根據(jù)文章第一句Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school.記住要善待你在新學(xué)校遇到的人。nice與friendly同義，故選A。] 4．E　[根據(jù)上句：抬起頭，與他人目光接觸。再根據(jù)空格下句：自我介紹，告訴他們你的名字和你來自哪里。可知，看見你認(rèn)識(shí)的人要微笑或說話，故選E。] 5．F　[根據(jù)上句：你喜歡別人叫你的名字，其他人也是這樣。再根據(jù)下句：另外，如果他們有一個(gè)昵稱，請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞浇兴麄?。由此可知，如果每次見人都開始說“嗨”，人們可能會(huì)生氣的，故選F。] Ⅲ.語法填空 (2018全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Diets have changed in China － and so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country 1. (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3. (actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corns rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 6. (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7. (globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 － when the government 8. (start) a soiltesting program 9. gives specific fertilizer remendations to farmers － and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the banks Juergen Voegele. 【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文，文章介紹了中國(guó)近年來根據(jù)人們膳食的變化調(diào)整農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)。 1．has grown　[考查時(shí)態(tài)。由句中的時(shí)間狀語Since 2011可知，此空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。] 2．the　[考查冠詞。此處是特指，故用定冠詞the。over the past 25 years表示“在過去的25年里”。] 3．a(chǎn)ctually　[考查副詞。這里需填副詞來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞is。] 4．to improve　[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。不定式to improve water quality作目的狀語。] 5．than　[考查介詞。由空前的less可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞than，表示“比”。] 6．pollution　[考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填pollute的名詞形式pollution作賓語。] 7．global　[考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填globe的形容詞形式global作定語。] 8．started　[考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述發(fā)生在過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填started。] 9．that/which　[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，“a soiltesting program”是先行詞，指物，且定語從句中缺主語，所以應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞that或which。] 10．feeding　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞?！皐hile feeding its citizens”是時(shí)間狀語從句“while it is feeding its citizens”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。又可理解為此處的feed(養(yǎng)活)與主語China為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。]