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2019-2020年人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life period 5 教案2 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié) 1.stress: 壓力，重音(n & v); stressful: 有壓力的，緊張的; under stress: 在壓力下; under the stress of …… 在……壓力下; lay/ put/ place stress on sth. 把重點(diǎn)放在……上; stress the importance of : 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性; in the stress of the moment: 一時(shí)緊張 He began begging under great stress of life. 2.due to: 由于，歸功于;be due to do sth.: 定于某時(shí)做某事；預(yù)期發(fā)生 be due to sb.:應(yīng)支持/給予/歸于某人；欠下 because of: 因?yàn)?，由于，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，后接名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)。 due to/ owing to:意為“由于，因?yàn)椤保诰渲型ǔＷ鳡钫Z(yǔ)。 thanks to: 意為“多虧了，幸虧，由于”等，它引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)可表達(dá)正面意義，也可表達(dá)諷刺意義。 The accident happened due to the heavy fog. Because of his illness, he couldn’t attend the meeting. They couldn’t cross the river owing to the flood. Thanks to your help, I could solve the problem. 3.addicted:入了迷的， 上了癮的; addiction:n. 成癮，吸毒成癮; addictive：adj. 使人上癮的; be addicted to sth.: 沉溺于某物; be addicted to doing sth.: 專(zhuān)心做某事 Many kids have now bee addicted to surfing the Internet. 4.bee/be/get accustomed to: 習(xí)慣于……，to是介詞，后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式; accustomed oneself to sth:使某人習(xí)慣于…… You will soon get accustomed to the job. 5.do/cause damage to sth./sb.=damage傷害，損傷；do good to sb: 對(duì)某人又好處; do wrong to: 冤屈，冤枉; be good to=be kind to 對(duì)……好心； do well in:擅長(zhǎng)； be bad/poor at=be weak in: 不擅長(zhǎng) Pollution is doing damage to our health. 6.decide on/upon: 決斷，選定；decide against:決定不，決定反對(duì); decide on a career: 選定職業(yè) Don’t decide on important matters too quickly. 7.feel like sth/doing sth= would like sth/to do sth 想，愿意; would like to do sth:想要做某事; prefer to do sth: 喜歡做某事; would rather do…than do…寧愿做……而不愿……; prefer doing(sth) to (doing) sth:寧愿做……而不愿……；prefer to do sth rather than do sth: 寧愿做……而不愿…… What would you like to do with it? 你想如何處理它？ 8.ashamed:感到慚愧的，羞恥的（常作表語(yǔ)）；shameful:可恥的，不道德的（貶義詞）；shameless: 無(wú)恥的; be ashamed of doing sth:為（做）某事而感到羞愧; I feel ashamed of having done so little for the people. 2、 重點(diǎn)句型總結(jié) 1. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 本句是復(fù)合句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的that從句。此外，也可以是不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句。It is +adj. +that從句，真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句，常見(jiàn)的it作主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)還有： （1） it is a fact (a shame/ a pity/ no wonder) that… （2） It is said (reported/ decided/ suggested…) that… （3） It seems (happened/ doesn’t matter/ has turned out…) that… It is hard to finish the work in two days. 2. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. It was time to do sth. 表示“到……的時(shí)候了” It is (high) time for sb to do sth=It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. 到某人做某事的時(shí)候了 It is high time for us to say good-bye. =It is high time that we should say goodbye. 3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 該句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句為every time引起的一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，詞句中every time起到了連詞的作用。英語(yǔ)中起連詞作用的名詞詞組還有：each time(每次)；next time(下一次)；the first/ last time(第一次/ 最后一次)；the moment/ instant/ minute(一……就……)等。 Each time I was in trouble, he could e to help me out. 3、 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié) Grammar: the use of “it”（I） （一）it用作人稱(chēng)代詞和非人稱(chēng)代詞 1. 作人稱(chēng)代詞 人稱(chēng)代詞it一詞是有實(shí)際意義的，是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)代詞。主格與賓格相同。 （1） 指代人以外的一切生物或事物，如前文提到的事物或未指明但談話(huà)雙方都知道的那件事。 Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn’t it? It doesn’t matter. （2）替代前文中的this，that This is your plan? Will you hand it in? （3）指代嬰兒，小孩或性別不明的人 The baby is crying. It might be hungry. ----Someone is ringing. Who might it be? ----It must be my friend Tom. He (不可用it) wants to see you. 2. 作非人稱(chēng)代詞 it用作無(wú)人稱(chēng)的主語(yǔ)，不指物，而表示時(shí)間、天氣、環(huán)境、氣候、季節(jié)、距離、金錢(qián)等自然現(xiàn)象，或指事物的狀態(tài)。 It was very noisy at that time.(指代環(huán)境) It is half past three now.(指代時(shí)間) It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.(指代距離) It was very cold.(指代天氣) It is 5 dollars.(指代金錢(qián)) 3. it, one, that, those和which的區(qū)別： 1) it 指上文提到過(guò)的同一樣事物，one則泛指上文提到過(guò)的同一類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè)； There are many dictionaries in that bookstore. So I bought one.(one泛指其中之一) 2) that 作代詞替代前面提到的事物(多用于比較)，可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞皆可，代替可數(shù)名詞可用the one代替，that的復(fù)數(shù)形式為those,只可替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，在句中相當(dāng)于the ones. The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs. The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains. 3) it和which都可用來(lái)指代某一事件，關(guān)鍵要看兩個(gè)句子之間是否有并列連詞，如果有就用it，反之用which。 He was badly ill, and it made his mother worried. He was badly ill, which made his mother worried.(which指代前面整個(gè)主句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)) （二）it作形式主語(yǔ) It is difficult to translate the article.(真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)) It is no use going there so early.(真正的主語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)) It is obvious that he is a cheater.(真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)) it可充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，本身無(wú)意義，后面真正的主語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，或名詞性從句。 （三）it用作形式賓語(yǔ) I found it possible to do this regularly.(it 為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是to do this regularly) She thought it no use worrying about him.(it為形式賓語(yǔ)，worrying about him是真正的賓語(yǔ)) He made it clear that his family is poor.(it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是that從句) it作形式賓語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有： 主+謂語(yǔ)+it+adj/n+動(dòng)詞不定式/動(dòng)詞-ing形式/從句 （四）it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中 It was him who/that you should ask.(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，既可用who,也可用that) It was on the street that I found the bag.(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是地點(diǎn)，只能用that) it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。 （五）it的其他固定搭配 1. It is brave of her to go home alone at night. It is/was+adj (of/for sb) to do sth; 2. It is no use talking to him about it. It is/was no use/good+doing; it is well worth doing sth; 3. It was no wonder that she was so angry. It is/was no wonder（a pity/a shame）that…; 4. It is natural that he (should) say so. It is/was+adj+從句； 5. It is reported that the road was closed. It is/was+過(guò)去分詞+that從句（say,think,believe,hope,expect） 6. It (so) happens that the ticket were sold out. It (so) happened that…碰巧…… 7. It seems(seemed)/appears(appeared) that …似乎 8. It occured to sb that…，某人突然想起…… 9. It turned（s） out that …，結(jié)果是…… 四、鞏固練習(xí) I. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。 1. The doctor warned not to drink ___________(alcohol) drinks. 2. Some ___________ (adolescent) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 3. A ____________ is going to be invited to give us a talk about the _______ industry.(chemistry) 4. What he has done ___________________ (disappointed) his mother a lot. 5. Though he was a new-man, he got ________________(accustom) to the way of life here very soon. 6. People can easily bee ___________ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them. 7. If he does anything ___________(shame), I will not go away with him. 8. He is not good at _____________(manage) his money. 9. It was a very ___________(stress) time for all of us. 10. It’s ________ (legal) to drive through a red light. II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class. ____ ____ _____ ______36 students passed the exam in our class. 2. To give up smoking is not easy. ____ ______ not easy to give up smoking. 3. Debating about it is useless. _____ ______ useless debating about it. 4. I became stronger and stronger, which made my parents glad. I became stronger and stronger, and _____ ______ _____ ______ _______. 5. When and where to hold the match hasn’t been decided. _____ ______ ______ ________ when and where to hold the match. References: it is said that; it is; it is; it made my parents glad; it hasn’t been decided