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第七講　虛擬語氣 第一課時　知識過關(guān)課 [注意]　虛擬條件句與主句的謂語動詞——與現(xiàn)在事實或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦嵪喾?，從句用一般過去時(be用were)；與將來可能的事實相反時還可用were to/should＋動詞原形，主句用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時，主句用would/should/could/might have＋過去分詞。 讀語篇，悟語法。反復朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線及黑體部分。思考：什么情況下用虛擬語氣；雖同是虛擬語氣，但什么情況下用過去式表示，什么情況下用(should＋動詞原形)表示。 My deskmate, Mary, treats me as__if__she__were[1] my sister. She is nice but fat. If__she__were not so fat，she__would__look[2] like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised__that__she__(should)__eat[3] more vegetables and fruits. He also made a__suggestion__that__she__(should)__work__out[4] regularly. Besides, he insisted__that__she__(should)__walk[5] to school. If__she__had__followed__the__doctor’s__advice,__she__would__not__be__so__fat__now[6]. In other words, if__the__doctor__had__persuaded her to do so, she would__not__have__bee[7] overweight. This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting, “If__only__I__were[8] a little thinner!__How__I__wish__I__hadn’t__eaten[9] so much junk food before！” Were__I__Mary,__I would__make[10] a weight loss plan. If__I__became__overweight__in__the__future，I__would__do[11] sports every day. Now it__is__high__time__she__changed[12] her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t__be[13] able to lose weight. I would__rather__she__went[14] swimming with me, but she insists__that__water__sports__are[15] not suitable for her. So it__is__necessary__that__she__(should)__walk[16] to school. 1.在as if/as though，even if/even though引導的狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。 2.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，(be一般用were)，主句的謂語用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形。 3～5.在insist，suggest，advise，order，mand，propose，demand，require，request等后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion，advice，order，mand，demand，requirement，request等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。 6.錯綜條件句：有時if從句中的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 7.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形式用過去完成時，即“had＋過去分詞”，主句用“would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞”。 8～9.在表示愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句和If only(但愿)引出的句子中，需用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用過去完成時。 10.如果if從句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should提前至主語前，即從句可用半倒裝。 11.表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形式用一般過去時，或用“were to/should＋動詞原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might＋動詞原形”。 12.在It is (high) time that后的從句中，謂語動詞用“should(不能省略)＋動詞原形”或一般過去時都可以。 13.含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise，or，but或用介詞but for，without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。其中介詞but for，without表示的虛擬語氣，可和if引導的假設(shè)條件狀語從句替換。 14.would (had) rather，would sooner用來表達主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?，用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反。 15.動詞insist表“堅持認為，堅持說，堅持某種說法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”時，后面從句不用虛擬語氣。 16.在it is necessary (important，natural，strange，surprising) that引導的主語從句中，主語從句中的謂語動詞用“(should)＋動詞原形”。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用所給詞的適當形式填空) 1.If I were(be) you, I would do it in a different way. 2.If you had followed my advice just now, you would__be(be) fine now. 3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would__have__scored(score) a goal. 4.If I had(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 5.The doctor ordered that she (should)__stay(stay) in bed for a few days. 6.It is very important that you (should)__master(master) the skills of puter. 7.English teachers give advice that we (should)__make(make) good use of every chance to speak English. 8.It is high time that we took/should__take(take) some measures to protect the wild animals. 9.How I wish every family had(have) a large house with a beautiful garden! 10.Jane’s pale face suggested that she was(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (should)__have(have) a medical examination. Ⅱ.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are→were 2.Had he worked hard years ago, he would bee very rich.在bee前加have 3.If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.will→would 4.But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在But后加for 5.It might have been done better if you have been more careful.第二個have→had 6.I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month.在caught前加been 7.It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.establish→established或在establish前加should 8.Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.is→were 9.Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.can→could 10.I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goes→went Ⅲ.語篇填空(閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。) Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1.________ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard－working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2.________ ( be ) hard－working. Peter could do better，3.________ he doesn’t want to work hard.People believe if Peter 4.________ (work) as hard as Tom，he would do as well as his brother in his study. At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5.________ (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6.________ (finish) their homework before playing puter games. But Peter insists that it 7.________ (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise－book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise－book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8.________ ( be ) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9.________ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10.________ (give) you a good lesson. And I insist that you 11.________ (not play) any puter games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to，12.________，you would be forbidden to touch the puter for a year！” “Oh, no! Mom.13.________ puter for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14.________ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset. “If you 15.________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother. 【語篇導讀】　湯姆和彼特雖然長得很像且都很聰明，但學習上卻一勤一懶，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特還因偷懶，投機取巧，鬧出了笑話。 1.were　[as if引導的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，從句謂語用一般過去時，be一般用were。] 2.is　[suggests表示“表明，說明”，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。] 3.but　[“本來可以做得更好”與“不愿努力學”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞but。] 4.worked　[if表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。] 5.(should) do　[在表示“建議”的suggestion后的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用(should) do。] 6.(should) finish　[在insist表示“堅決要求”時，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“(should)＋動詞原形”。] 7.is　[該句的insists表示“堅持認為”，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。] 8.was　[suggested表示“表明，說明”，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。] 9.were　[在表示愿望的wish后的賓語從句，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。] 10.gave或should give　[在It’s time that句型的that從句中，謂語動詞用一般過去時或“should＋動詞原形”。] 11.(should) not play　[句中insist表示“堅決要求”，其賓語從句的謂語用“(should)＋動詞原形”。] 12.or/otherwise　[由后面句中的謂語would be可知，前面用or或otherwise(否則)來表示虛擬條件。] 13.Without　[由后面的would die可知，填without表示虛擬條件。] 14.asked　[在would rather后的從句中，用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。] 15.had finished　[表示與過去事實相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時。] 第二課時　寫作增分課 虛擬語氣在寫作中的增分點 一、使用“虛擬語氣”表達“愿望” 1.我多么希望我能更聰明一些，精力更充沛一些。(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic) How__I__wish__I__were__more__intelligent__and__more__energetic. 2.要是我上初中時沒把時間浪費在看小說上該多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school) If__only__I__hadn’t__wasted__the__time__in__reading__novels__when__I__was__in__junior__high__school. 3.是該你盡最大努力來趕上別人的時候了。(it’s high time that, catch up with others) It’s__high__time__that__you__tried/should__try__your__best__to__catch__up__with__others. 4.我想你明天還是不來的好。(I would rather) I__would__rather__you__didn’t__e__tomorrow. 5.他在課堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他幾天都沒睡過覺一樣。(sleepy, in class, as if) He__was__so__sleepy__in__class__as__if__he__hadn’t__slept__a__wink__for__several__days. 6.我感到如此惡心。我希望母親沒有逼我吃那么多。(sick, wish, force) I__feel__so__sick.I__wish__Mum__hadn’t__forced__me__to__eat__so__much. 二、在寫作中巧妙運用虛擬條件句 1.如果當時我身上錢足夠的話，我就把那本書買下來了。(have enough money with me) If__I__had__enough__money__with__me__at__that__time,__I__would__have__bought__the__book. 2.如果明天下雨，野餐將會取消。(put off, until next week；條件句用三種方法翻譯) If__it__rained/should__rain/were__to__rain__tomorrow,__the__picnic__would__be__cancelled. 3.如果你過去學英語方法正確的話，你的英語現(xiàn)在就不會這么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad) If__you__had__learned__English__in__the__right__way,__it__wouldn’t__be__so__bad__now./Had__you__learned__English__in__the__right__way，it__wouldn’t__be__so__bad__now. 4.如果計劃有變化，我會立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately) Should__there__be__any__change__about__the__plan,__I__would__inform__you__immediately. 5.要是你再早一點兒來的話，你就不會受到懲罰了。(had you, punish) Had__you__e__earlier,__you__wouldn’t__have__been__punished./If__you__had__e__earlier，you__wouldn’t__have__been__punished. 三、學會熟練使用含蓄條件句 1.在競賽中他本可以得金牌，但他卻在比賽開始時就摔倒了。(win a gold medal, but, fall over) He__could__have__won__a__gold__medal,__but__he__fell__over__immediately__the__race__began. 2.如果沒有電，生活對于許多人來說將是痛苦的。(without, miserable) Without__electricity,__life__would__be__miserable__for__many__people. 3.路上堵車了，要不然我早就到了。(be caught in, otherwise, be here earlier) I__was__caught__in__the__traffic__jam;__otherwise__I__would__have__e__here__earlier. 4.要不是你的幫助，我在作文競賽中就得不了一等獎。(but for, the first prize, the English Writing petition) But__for__your__help,__I__wouldn’t__have__won__the__first__prize__in__the__English__Writing__petition. 四、用“(should＋)動詞原形”來表達“想讓某人做某事” 1.他堅持說他從來沒有見過那支鋼筆，并堅持要她道歉。(insist, make an apology) He__insisted__that__he__had__never__seen__the__pen__and__insisted__she__make__an__apology. 2.醫(yī)生臉上吃驚的表情表明我母親的病很嚴重，醫(yī)生建議她馬上動手術(shù)。(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on) The__surprised__look__on__the__doctor’s__face__suggested__that__my__mother’s_illness__was__serious__and__he__suggested__she__be__operated__on__at__once. 3.要求每個學生在聽報告時要記筆記。(request, take notes, while) It__is__requested__that__every__student__take__notes__while__listening__to__the__report. 4.我們催促政府馬上采取行動。(urge, the government, take measures) We__urge__that__the__government__take__measures__at__once.