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精編優(yōu)選練(十八)閱讀理解-主旨大意題2 (限時(shí)：25分鐘) A While still a young child, Morales Casanova saw neighborhood children harm local trees and even their own pets. So she formed a group called Humanity United to Nature in Harmony for Beauty, Welfare, and Goodness to address the problem. Through small group meetings, she taught friends to grow plants and care for pets, inspiring a new respect for nature. A few years later, at age 13, she sent the president a proposal (提議) for creating a protected area to train children about environmental issues. He awarded her the National Youth Award for Environmental Protection. That backing helped her group to expand its grassroots youth conservation projects through her home state. In 2007 the state capital donated land that let her realize a longheld dream of opening an environmental education park. Opened in 2013, Ceiba Pentandra Park provides a free, interactive (互動(dòng)的) learning experience for children and teachers on topics ranging from climate change to wildlife protection and the effects of pollution. The parks unusual aspect is its teachers：other children. “I think children have great potential to be leaders，”Morales Casanova says. Park students who show leadership ability are trained to be educators. They learn to speak in front of groups, plan activities, and do fundraising for projects that they design and manage themselves. “When kids see other kids making a real difference, it gives them confidence that they can do it，too，” Morales Casanova says.The children we work with are growing up with new values... They are already taking action to change not only their own lifestyles, but also the minds of families and teachers.” [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Morales Casanova在推動(dòng)環(huán)保事業(yè)方面所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。她認(rèn)為對孩子們進(jìn)行環(huán)保教育是解決環(huán)境問題的一個(gè)非常有效的方法，她曾就此給總統(tǒng)提議，并得到了認(rèn)可。 1．Which can best replace the underlined word “backing”in Paragraph 3? A．Approval.　　　　　 B．Protection. C．Request. D．Opportunity. 解析：詞義猜測題。第二段中提到Morales Casanova向總統(tǒng)提議建一個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)對孩子們進(jìn)行環(huán)保教育，總統(tǒng)授予了她一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。畫線詞后面的內(nèi)容是說她之前創(chuàng)立的組織得到了擴(kuò)展，并在她所在州的幫助下實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己成立環(huán)保教育公園的夢想，由此可以推測，此處的backing指的是總統(tǒng)對她所從事的事業(yè)的認(rèn)可。 答案：A 2．What is special about Ceiba Pentandra Park? A．It has children educators. B．It trains teachers for schools. C．It focuses on reducing pollution. D．It involves local government leaders. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Ceiba Pentandra Park，我們可以找到文章中對應(yīng)的信息是第四、五段內(nèi)容，通過快速閱讀這兩段內(nèi)容，我們可以找到與special對應(yīng)的信息“The parks unusual aspect is its teachers：other children.”，再結(jié)合“Park students who show leadership ability are trained to be educators.”可知，Morales Casanova認(rèn)為孩子們有當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的潛力，所以她們選擇有這方面潛力的孩子們，并將他們培養(yǎng)成公園的老師。這正是這個(gè)公園與眾不同的地方，故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于他們培養(yǎng)的老師是為公園服務(wù)的，并不是從事學(xué)校工作的；C項(xiàng)的污染問題只是他們關(guān)注的一個(gè)方面，并非其特色；D項(xiàng)文章中并未提及。 答案：A 3．What does Morales Casanova stress in solving environment problems? A．Education. B．Donation. C．Experience. D．Confidence. 解析：推理判斷題。通讀文章，根據(jù)第一段中的“taught friends to...”，第二段中的“train children...”，第三段中的“an environmental education park”和第四段中的“its teachers”等不難看出，Morales Casanova認(rèn)為對孩子們進(jìn)行環(huán)保教育是解決環(huán)境問題的一個(gè)非常有效的方法。 答案：A 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Respect for Nature B．New Values in Life C．Building Leadership Skills in Students D．Saving Environment through Children 解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Morales Casanova在推動(dòng)環(huán)保事業(yè)方面所做出的貢獻(xiàn)，她主要是通過對孩子們進(jìn)行環(huán)保教育來提高他們的環(huán)保意識，然后通過他們的改變來影響周圍的人，從而使人們從身邊的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴做起，為環(huán)保事業(yè)盡自己的一份力。故D項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題最恰當(dāng)。 答案：D B Boom said at the Paris Air Show Tuesday that passengers could fly between London and New York aboard a supersonic (超音速的) mercial airplane in about 2.5 hours within the next six years. The pany also aims to shuttle passengers from San Francisco to Tokyo in 5.5 hours, vs the current 11hour travel time. Flights from Los Angeles to Sydney would take just under 7 hours, pared with the current 15 hours. “Airlines are eager to find something new and different to offer their passengers—and were thrilled that major world airlines share our idea of a future of faster, more accessible supersonic travel，” Blake Scholl, Booms founder, said at the show. Five airlines have already placed more than 70 orders for Booms fasterthansound passenger airliners, the pany announced. Some experts, however, are skeptical that Boom can make its idea a reality and offer a product that makes financial sense. The European aircraft Concorde, which ended its transatlantic supersonic flight in 2003, was never mercially workable, and with an airfare of $20,000, appealed to only a very narrow slice of travelers, said Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. Fuel economy, unproven technology，and regulations against supersonic mercial flight are key difficulties Boom faces，Mann said. There are also some travel limitations. The United States and many other countries do not allow supersonic mercial flights over land，because of the loud shock wave that can be annoying to munities below. But a Boom spokesman said that its passenger airliner is being designed to minimize the noise it makes and that Boom will work to change those regulations. The pany said that it will succeed where Concorde failed because Boom is using better engines and improved materials to help reduce the costs of operating its aircraft. And a businessclass ticket from New York to London could cost $5,000, Boom estimates (估計(jì)), far less than the $20,000 charged by Concorde. [語篇解讀]　 本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。從紐約到倫敦僅需2.5小時(shí)，還不到一部《指環(huán)王》電影的時(shí)間。這可能嗎？美國一家航空航天公司Boom在巴黎航空展上宣布他們的超音速飛機(jī)有望在六年內(nèi)將此變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。 5．In which aspect will Booms new airplane stand out? A．Its safety. 　　　　　　 B．Its speed. C．Its flight paths. D．Its degree of fort. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段采用舉例子、列數(shù)字和對比的寫作手法，通過對三條航線目前和將來可能的飛行時(shí)間進(jìn)行對比，主要說明超音速飛機(jī)可以大大縮短旅行時(shí)間，即它在速度上有優(yōu)勢，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The aim of Boom. B．The partners of Boom. C．The public reaction to supersonic flight. D．The potential market for supersonic flight. 解析：段落大意題。第二段中Boom的創(chuàng)始人稱一些航空公司對航空創(chuàng)新和高速商業(yè)飛行的發(fā)展充滿熱情，并提到有五家航空公司已向他們訂購了七十余架飛機(jī)，由此可以看出本段主要介紹超音速飛機(jī)的市場潛力，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 7．What was the main reason for Concordes failure? A．It was poorly designed. B．It created terrible noise. C．It was very expensive. D．It burnt too much fuel. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Concorde可定位到第三段，首句是本段的主題句，即有些專家對超音速飛機(jī)商業(yè)飛行并不是那么樂觀。接下來以之前的Concorde公司為例，說明了他們的擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“with an airfare of $20,000, appealed to only a very narrow slice of travelers”和最后一段中的“where Concorde failed...to help reduce the costs of operating its aircraft.”以及最后一句中價(jià)格的對比可知，Concorde失敗的主要原因是其價(jià)格太高，只能吸引極少的乘客，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 8．What is Manns attitude toward supersonic mercial flight? A．Favorable. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Ambiguous. 解析：推理判斷題。第三段中Mann舉了以失敗而告終的Concorde的例子，又列舉了一些超音速飛機(jī)面臨的問題，由此可推斷，他對超音速飛行持懷疑態(tài)度，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C C The loud continuous noise of the cars or the sound of a plane can force its way into the deepest forest, yet its not only humans that are bothered by the noise. Bioacoustician Bernie Krause has been studying the effect of noise pollution on wildlife, and has e across some interesting behavior, especially among animals that municate by vocalization (發(fā)聲), like humans. Birds use sound to municate, but in noisy places, these animals have to shout over the natural noise to be heard. Krause mentions a study of nightingales to clarify what he means. The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city. To belt out their songs, they increased their lung pressure fivefold, but scientists state that this is not dangerous for the birds themselves. Studies show that sudden noise can cause certain birds to leave their nests, exposing the young to their enemies. One study also showed that songbirds that nested closer to busy motorways were much less productive than those that nested farther away. Mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物) too are affected. A recent study showed that nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young. In some cases noise pollution can actually help some animals while harming others. Toads (蟾蜍) and frogs are known to vocalize in synchrony (同步；同步方式) so that no predator can zero in on them. Krause found that when planes flew overhead and masked the toads songs, they lost their synchronicity, and it took them 45 minutes to get it back again. That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound. According to Krause, “Not only will noise pollution bother wildlife, but it wont help our lives either.” [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇說明文。噪音污染不僅困擾著人類，也對野生動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。 9．How did nightingales react to traffic noise? A．By synchronizing their singing. B．By producing louder sounds. C．By harming themselves. D．By leaving their nests. 解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的the nightingales可以定位到文章第三段，根據(jù)該段中的“The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city.”可知，夜鶯面對交通噪音會(huì)用更高的聲調(diào)來唱歌。 答案：B 10．How do young caribou suffer from aircraft noise? A．They receive less food. B．They cant sleep at night. C．They are often displaced. D．They cant hear their mothers. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章在第四段的末尾提到caribou，由文中的描述“nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young”可知，在有飛機(jī)噪音的情況下，哺乳期的母馴鹿不會(huì)生產(chǎn)足夠的奶水來喂養(yǎng)它們的幼崽。 答案：A 11．What would happen if toads and frogs failed to sing in union? A．They might bee defenceless. B．They would stop municating. C．They would soon regain their rhythm. D．They might be unable to hunt in groups. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Toads and frogs are known to vocalize...it took them 45 minutes to get it back again.That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound.”可知，蟾蜍和青蛙齊聲和鳴，這樣掠食者便難以找到目標(biāo)；當(dāng)飛機(jī)從上空飛過，蟾蜍的聲音被噪音所影響，它們的聲音便會(huì)失去同步性，而它們需要45分鐘時(shí)間才能再次找到聲音的協(xié)調(diào)性，這就給了大角貓頭鷹和郊狼足夠的時(shí)間來捕食蟾蜍。 答案：A 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Only humans are bothered by the plane noise. B．The causes of noise pollution. C．The effects of noise pollution on wildlife. D．The ways animals municate with each other. 解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知， 本文主要講述了噪音污染對野生動(dòng)物造成的影響。 答案：C