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考點(diǎn)11 完成時(shí) 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have(has) + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑問句：have/has提前 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法： （1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響，常與yet，already，just，before，lately等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃過午飯了嗎？ —Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了。） I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。（這些照片已不在我這里了。）have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的區(qū)別 1. have (has) gone to表示＂已經(jīng)去某地了＂，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。 She has gone to Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。） 2. have (has) been to表示＂曾經(jīng)去過某地＂，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。 She has been to Shanghai three times.（她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。） 3. have (has) been in/at表示＂一直待在某地＂，常與時(shí)間段搭配，指待了很久。 （2）過去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞）。 I haven’t seen her these days. 近來(lái)我一直沒見過他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)李雷已經(jīng)三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。 She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來(lái)這所學(xué)校，她就教我。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用： （1）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果＂的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： already 用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末。 yet 用在疑問句中意為＂已經(jīng)＂，用在否定句中表示＂還＂，常放在句末。 ever 意為＂曾經(jīng)＂，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。 never 意為＂從來(lái)都沒有＂，常和before連用，多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。 before 意為＂以前＂，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 （2）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在＂的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： for + 時(shí)間段 for two years since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since 2008 since then since he came here so far 目前；迄今為止 up to now=till now=by now 到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在 all the time 總是；一直 recently/lately 最近 these days 近幾天 by the end of...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末 during /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中 in the last /past days/ months/ years 在過去的幾個(gè)天/月/年中 （3）在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. （4）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. （5）since與for用法比較 用法 例句 since 用來(lái)說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這里。 My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個(gè)小診所工作。 for 用來(lái)說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句型 （1）That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。 It is the third time that the boy has been late. 這是這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了。 （2）＂That/This/It is the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞 + （that）從句＂中，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好看的電影。 （3）在＂It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since ... ＂句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。 It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。 It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3個(gè)月了。 （4）一段時(shí)間+ 完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 Two years has passed since I came here. 我來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。 誤區(qū)提醒 （1）并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作） I have worked here for many years. （現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作） （2）短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 短暫性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has pleted the work. （表結(jié)果） I’’ve known him since then.（表經(jīng)歷） （3）短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示＂做……直到……＂；短暫性動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示＂到……才……＂ He didn’’t e back until ten o’’clock. 直到十點(diǎn)鐘他才回來(lái)。 He slept until ten o’’clock. 他睡到十點(diǎn)鐘。 【疑難辨析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。 而一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。） I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況） 1.（2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里，中國(guó)的高速鐵路已經(jīng)從9,000公里增長(zhǎng)到25,000公里。該句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為in the past few years。中國(guó)高速鐵路的增長(zhǎng)是從過去一直到現(xiàn)在幾年里的情況，故該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。B選項(xiàng)正確。 2.（2016北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）I ____________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 【答案】 B 3. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making 【答案】A 考向二、 過去完成時(shí) 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句：主語(yǔ) + had + 過去分詞 + 其他. 否定句：主語(yǔ) + had + not + 過去分詞 + 其他. 一般疑問句：Had + 主語(yǔ) + 過去分詞 + 其他? 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組 + 一般疑問句（Had + 主語(yǔ) + 過去分詞 + 其他）？ 2. 基本用法 （1）表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即＂過去的過去＂?？梢杂胋y，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(在復(fù)合句中，由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過上下文來(lái)表示。 　　By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。 （2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for，since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 　　I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。 　　He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。 （3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。 Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 　　I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 （4）在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。 （5）過去完成時(shí)常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（或間接引語(yǔ)）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。 　　I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）狀語(yǔ)從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。 　　如when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引導(dǎo)的從句。 When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。 　　注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。 After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。 （7）動(dòng)詞think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用過去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。 　　They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。 　　We had hoped to be able to e and see you. 我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。 （8）過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly...when...，no sooner... than...，It was the first (second, etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。 　　No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 　　It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 3. 過去完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)法判定 （1）由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： ①by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 　　I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night. ②by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 　　We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ③before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 　　They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （2）由＂過去的過去＂來(lái)判定 過去完成時(shí)表示＂過去的過去＂，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： ①賓語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。如told，said，knew，heard，thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 　　She said that she had seen the film before. 　　②狀語(yǔ)從句中 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。 　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before，after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。 　　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 　　③表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示＂原本……，未能……＂。 　　We had hoped that you would e, but you didn’t. （3）根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing. 【巧學(xué)妙記】 過去完成時(shí)記憶口訣 Had 加上＂過去分＂，構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)。 過去完成的意義，也表＂完成＂或＂延續(xù)＂。 若有主、從兩個(gè)句，先后動(dòng)作分別敘。 哪個(gè)在先哪＂完成＂，哪個(gè)在后哪＂過去＂。 1. （2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空） If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch 【答案】A 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。 2.（2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 3.(2016浙江卷單項(xiàng)填空)Silk __________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A. had bee B. was being C. has bee D.is being 【答案】A 【解析】句意：到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by+過去時(shí)間，謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。 考向二、將來(lái)完成時(shí) 1. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：＂will/shall + have + 過去分詞＂。 Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大學(xué)生活之后我能變成熟。 Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 僅短短 5 年時(shí)間后，你的錢就會(huì)增多 94,000 美元。 He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他會(huì)為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。 2. 將來(lái)完成的用法 （1）表示＂將來(lái)完成＂：即表示到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作。 When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已經(jīng)上班去了。 I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我預(yù)料到明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。 （2）表示＂持續(xù)＂：即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來(lái)時(shí)間。 We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆就結(jié)婚滿1年了。 By this time next week, I will have been working for this pany for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我就已經(jīng)為該公司工作24年了。 （3）表示＂推測(cè)：即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測(cè)。 That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說他7點(diǎn)鐘回來(lái)。 There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。 1.（2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother, forwe _______ more convenient electronic municationtoolsbythen. A. have developed B. haddeveloped C. willhavedeveloped D. developed 【答案】C 1.It’s reported that by the end of the month, the output of cement in the factory___________by about 10%. A.will have risen B.will be rising C.has risen D.has been rising 【答案】A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"by the end of the month"可知此處表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，因此用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 2.You needn’t hurry her. It___________by her by the time you are ready. A.will have been finishing B.has finished C.will have been finished D.will be finished 【答案】C 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 2. Nowadays a strange, new dilemma faces Chinese pedestrians: should you help an elderly person who ____________ into the street? A. is falling B. has fallen C. had fallen D. was falling 3. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann house? —Not really. She________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily? A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 4. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ________ my bank in the cafe. A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving 5. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 6. When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I ________my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 7. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he ____________ some serious mistakes. A. made B. had made C. has been making D. has made 8. James left his hometown when he was 16, and he ____________ back there since. A. wouldn’t be B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. won’t be 9. On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew came to the shores of the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing they ____________ in Southeast Asia. A. arrived B. had arrived C. has arrived D. would arrive 10. Since late 2013 when the Chinese government relaxed the family planning policy, only 1.5 million couples ____________ to have a second child. A. applied B. had applied C. would apply D. have applied 題組二 能力提升 閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式 Is there such a thing as being ＂over-protective＂? I can honestly say that my answer to that question 1 (change) dramatically（戲劇性地）since I became a parent. Before the birth of my daughter, I taught at 2 private school, often viewing my students as over-protected, worrying 3 would happen when they went on to middle schools. Some did fine, and some did not. Some needed constant pats on the back, words of 4 (encourage) and extra support, which I 5 (happy) gave. Others were content on their own, needing little or no interaction（互動(dòng)）with their teacher. 6 for the most part, graduates would go on for higher schooling. I’d always supposed their parents were over-protective, for they were the ones that still walked their 7 (five) graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate. Admittedly, I laughed at those parents, 8 (think) their children would never learn to be 9 (independence) if they didn’t let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. The moment I looked at her little face, I 10 (know) I’d do everything in my power to protect her and make sure she always felt safe! 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.（2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_______ inthepast two years. A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried out C. isbeingcarriedout D. has been carried out 2. （2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 3.(2018新課標(biāo)卷I語(yǔ)法填空) Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. 4. (2018浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空) While regularly eating out seems to 61 (bee) mon for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. 5.（2017新課標(biāo)II卷改編）Around 100 people _________（put down） a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. 6. （2017新課標(biāo)II卷改編）It _________(white-paint)tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 7. （2017新課標(biāo)III卷改編）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University _________(turn) an electric car into a mobile laboratory named ＂DriveLAB＂ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 8.(2016天津卷單項(xiàng)填空) When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 9.(2015重慶卷單項(xiàng)填空) In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_________ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1.B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末會(huì)盡力把另一半看完。發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！翱葱≌f”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用完成時(shí)，故選B。 2. B 【解析】句意：如今中國(guó)行人面臨著一種奇怪的、新的困境：該不該幫助摔倒在馬路上的老人？此處指已經(jīng)摔倒在地的老人，強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。 4.B 【解析】句意：我剛一到學(xué)校門口，就意識(shí)到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that，這里是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致，“落下”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“意識(shí)到”之前，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，故選B。 5.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：那些報(bào)告于2012年丟失了，從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since，此處意為：從那以后。這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故選C。 6.A 【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。題干中的but提示：“我”第一次見到布萊恩的時(shí)候不喜歡他，但現(xiàn)在喜歡他。故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，選A。句意：當(dāng)我第一次見布萊恩的時(shí)候我不喜歡他，但我改變想法了。 7. B 【解析】句意：曾經(jīng)被報(bào)道為金融之神的艾倫格林斯潘不得不承認(rèn)他之前也犯過一些嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。該空動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作＂had to admit＂之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。 8. B 【解析】句意：詹姆斯在16歲時(shí)離開了家鄉(xiāng)，自從那時(shí)他就沒有回來(lái)過。A. wouldn’t be 過去將來(lái)時(shí)；B. hasn’t been現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C. hadn’t been 過去完成時(shí)；D. won’t be 一般將來(lái)時(shí)。since是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故選B。 9. B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在1492年10月12的早上，克里斯多弗﹒哥倫布和他的船員來(lái)到加勒比海岸，誤認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了東南亞。強(qiáng)調(diào)到達(dá)的動(dòng)作的完成所產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果＂mistakenly believing（誤認(rèn)為）＂，且arrive發(fā)生在過去的過去，要用過去完成時(shí)，故選B。 10. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。自從2013年底中國(guó)政府放松了計(jì)劃生育政策，只有150萬(wàn)夫婦已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)了二孩。since自從……以來(lái)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。 題組二 能力提升 【文章大意】作者一直都認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在很多孩子都被父母過度保護(hù)，但是在自己的女兒出生以后，他的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生了變化，他愿意做一切自己能做的來(lái)保護(hù)孩子。 1.has changed 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since I became a parent，而since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填has changed。 2. a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：在女兒出生之前，我在一所私立學(xué)校教書。本句中名詞school（學(xué)校）是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，前面加a表示泛指。 3. what 【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句＂what would happen＂作動(dòng)詞worry的賓語(yǔ)，并在句中作主語(yǔ)。 4. encouragement 【解析】考查名詞。橫線前面有介詞of，說明橫線上應(yīng)該使用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞encourage的名詞是encouragement。 7. fifth 【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。本句中the fifth graders指五年級(jí)的學(xué)生。很多父母親還陪著五年級(jí)的學(xué)生上學(xué)。 8. thinking 【解析】考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。本句中動(dòng)詞think與句子主語(yǔ)I之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。句意：我嘲笑那些父母親，認(rèn)為他們的孩子永遠(yuǎn)都無(wú)法學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立。 9. independent 【解析】考查形容詞。本句中形容詞independent與be連用構(gòu)成不定式作動(dòng)詞learn的賓語(yǔ)。句意：我嘲笑那些父母親，認(rèn)為他們的孩子永遠(yuǎn)都無(wú)法學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立。 10. knew 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是the moment I looked at her little face，敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以主句中使用一般過時(shí)。 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：上個(gè)月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計(jì)劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last month和in the past two years可知用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。 2. D 3.has grown 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：2011年以來(lái)，中國(guó)種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 4. have bee 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，seems to后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填have bee。 5.【答案】have already put down 【解析】此處表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 6.【答案】had white-painted 【解析】此處表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。 7.【答案】have turned 【解析】此處表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 8.C 【解析】句意：當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時(shí)候，我遇見了多年未見的David。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，“not see”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在e across之前，是過去的過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)。故選C。 9.D 【解析】句意：在我的家鄉(xiāng)，麥子豐收過后農(nóng)民會(huì)有一個(gè)慶祝晚餐?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，才會(huì)舉行慶?；顒?dòng)，故選D項(xiàng)。