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Unit3 Life in the future Ⅰ.閱讀理解 You??llprobablynevergotoMarsorsingonthestagewiththeRollingStones.Butifvirtualreality(VR)everlivesuptoitspromise,youmightbeabletodoallthesethings—andmanymore—withoutevenleavingyourhome.Unlikerealreality,virtualrealitymeanssimulating(模仿)bitsofourworld.Apartfromgamesandentertainment,it??slongbeenusedfortrainingairlinepilotsandsurgeonsandforhelpingscientiststofigureoutcomplexproblemssuchasthestructureofproteinmolecules(分子).Thenhowdoesitwork? Closeyoureyesandthinkofvirtualrealityandyouprobablypicturesomethinglikethis:amanwearingawrap-aroundheadsetanddatagloveswiredintoapowerfulworkstationorsupercomputer.WhatdistinguishesVRfromanordinarycomputerexperienceisthenatureoftheinputandoutput.Whereanordinarycomputerusesthingslikeakeyboard,mouse,orspeechrecognitionforinput,VRusessensorsthatdetecthowyourbodyismoving.AndwhereaPCdisplaysoutputonascreen,VRusestwoscreens(oneforeacheye),surround-soundspeakers,andmaybesomeformsoftouchandbodyfeedbackaswell. VRhasbeenroutinelyusedbyscientists,doctors,dentists,engineers,architects,archaeologists,andthemilitaryforaboutthelast30years.Difficultanddangerousjobsarehardtotrainfor.Howcanyousafelypractisetakingatriptospace,makingaparachutejump,orcarryingoutbrainsurgery?Allthesethingsareobviouscandidatesforvirtualrealityapplications. Likeanytechnology,virtualrealityhasbothgoodandbadpoints.Criticsalwaysraisetheriskthatpeoplemaybeaddictedtoalternativerealitiestothepointofignoringtheirreal-worldlives—butthatcriticismhasbeenleveledateverythingfromradioandTVtocomputergamesandtheInternet.Likemanytechnologies,VRtakeslittleornothingawayfromtherealworld:youdon??thavetouseitifyoudon??twantto. 1.Whatequipmentdoweprobablyneedforvirtualreality? A.Akeyboard,aheadsetandasupercomputer. B.Aheadset,dataglovesandspeechrecognition. C.Aheadset,dataglovesandasupercomputer. D.Akeyboard,amouseandspeechrecognition. 2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout? A.Theprinciplesofvirtualreality. B.Theapplicationsofvirtualreality. C.Thehistoryofvirtualreality. D.Theinfluencesofvirtualreality. 3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesvirtualrealitymean? A.Imaginingbeautifulthingsinourmind. B.Creatingsomethingthatdoesn??texist. C.Experiencingthingsthatdon??treallyexist. D.Cloningsomethingthathasdiedout. 4.Whatisthewriter??sattitudetowardsVR? A.Appreciative. B.Cautious. C.Sceptical. D.Indifferent. Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Self-drivingcarsarebelievedtobethefutureofdriving.CompaniesincludingToyota,UberandGoogleareallcompetingtobethefirsttobringthemtothemarket.However,carmakersneedtosolveoneproblemfirst:　1　 Mostdriverstodayusegesturestoshowtheirintentions.Theywaveacarintoalane(車道),ornodatpassers-byandcyclists,toletthemcross.　2　Sowhatcantheydo?TheUScarmakerFordanditspartnerVirginiaTechthinktheyhavetheanswer,accordingtoBusinessInsider. 　3　Forexample,ifadriverlesscarisgivingway,itcouldflashtwowhitelightssidetoside.Asolidwhitelightwouldtellpeoplenearbythattherearenohumansinthecar.Aslowblinkinglightwouldshowthecariscomingtoastop.　4　Totestthemethodonrealroads,theteamdesignedaspecialsuitthatlooksexactlylikeacarseat.Whenadriverwearsit,itlookslikethecarisdriverless. Theteamsuccessfullycollectedmorethan1,500hoursofdataafterabout2,900kilometresof “self-driving” throughbusycities.　5　Fordsaysitplanstosharethedatawith11othercarmakers,accordingtoDOGONews.Fordhopesthatinthefuture,everycarmakerwillusethesamesystemofsignals. A.Butself-drivingcarsdon??thavethisability. B.It??satestforthecompany??sself-drivingtechnology. C.Thedatarecordedhowpeopleinteractedwithadriverlessvehicle. D.Howdriverlesscarscommunicatewithpassers-by,bikersandotherdrivers? E.Arapidlyflashinglightwouldtellpassers-bythatacarisabouttospeedup. F.Morethanone-thirdofthemareworriedaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars. G.Theteamistestingamethodthatuseslightsignalstoshowwhatself-drivingcarsaredoing. Ⅲ.完形填空 YanWei,a30-year-oldblindman,hasjustcoveredamarathononSunday.Thistimehe　1　hispersonalrecordwithanewtimeof3hours,15minutesand58seconds.Hehadtwo　2　tohelphimandwas　3　themwithasafetyrope. Yan,wholosthis　4　whenhewasafewmonthsold,startedrunningthreeyearsago,afterlearningthatvolunteerswereavailableto　5　blindrunnersatthe2015BeijingMarathon. Whenhestartedtrainingwiththehelpofhis　6　andparents,hecouldrunonlyfor2or3kmatatime.Butsoonhe　7　somuchthathissisterhadtorideabiketostay　8　himandguidehim.Ittookhimjustfourmonthstobe　9　forhisfirstmarathon. Yan　10　hisquickprogresstodailyexercise. “I??dliketo　11　200kmpermonth.Ifeel　12　ifIdonotrunfortwodaysinarow,” saysYan. Buttrainingisbecoming　13　forYannow,becausetherearefewguideswhocanrunfasterthanhim.Hisguidesneedtobeinbetter　14　conditionthanhim. “He??snevermissedasingletraininginthepastthreeyears.Iam　15　notonlybyhisstrengthbutalsohis　16　totrain,” saysShuHao,an　17　runnerwhohastakenpartinalotofmarathonsandoneofYan??srunningguides. Insteadofdyingtoprovehimself　18　heran,Yanhastakendelightinrunningandnowmovedto　19　theprocess.Hehascompletedfourteen　20　inthelasttwoyearsandjustwantstokeepgoing. 1.A.beat B.copied C.researched D.preserved 2.A.dogs B.coaches C.guides D.judges 3.A.liftedby B.tiedto C.separatedfrom D.fixedon 4.A.parents B.strength C.voice D.sight 5.A.assist B.comfort C.represent D.consult 6.A.teachers B.classmates C.brother D.sister 7.A.donated B.occupied C.improved D.witnessed 8.A.awayfrom B.aheadof C.behind D.for 9.A.ready B.late C.grateful D.harmful 10.A.adjusts B.owes C.devotes D.applies 11.A.run B.drive C.swim D.fly 12.A.unlucky B.embarrassed C.uncomfortable D.ignored 13.A.stricter B.looser C.easier D.harder 14.A.living B.physical C.mental D.educational 15.A.praised B.evaluated C.impressed D.inspected 16.A.instruction B.pressure C.absence D.determination 17.A.experienced B.honest C.overweight D.upset 18.A.soonafter B.everytime C.asif D.eventhough 19.A.delay B.register C.simplify D.enjoy 20.A.projects B.operations C.marathons D.tasks 課時作業(yè)(二十三) Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇議論文,主要討論VR(虛擬現(xiàn)實)的廣泛應(yīng)用以及作者的看法和態(tài)度。 1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer.”可知,虛擬現(xiàn)實需要的裝備有連接著工作站或者超級計算機(jī)的頭戴式耳機(jī)和數(shù)據(jù)手套,故選C。 2.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years.”以及最后一句“All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.”可知,該段主要講述的是虛擬現(xiàn)實的應(yīng)用,故選B。 3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“You??ll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things—and many more—without even leaving your home.”可知,利用虛擬現(xiàn)實,人們可以足不出戶就能體驗登陸火星、與滾石樂隊同臺演唱,即所謂的虛擬現(xiàn)實就是體驗不存在的、模仿現(xiàn)實世界的東西,故選C。 4.A　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“…VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don??t have to use it if you don??t want to.”和對本段的整體理解可推知,作者對VR持贊成態(tài)度,故選A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了無人駕駛汽車如何和行人、騎自行車的人以及其他司機(jī)的交流,即使用光信號來表示無人駕駛汽車的動向。 1.D　承接上文“However, carmakers need to solve one problem first…”可知,此處是提出一個問題,故選D。 2.A　根據(jù)語境可知,此處是一個過渡句,承上啟下,引出下文“So what can they do?”,故選A。 3.G　承接上文“The US carmaker Ford and its partner Virginia Tech think they have the answer, according to Business Insider.”可知,此處提出了一種解決方案,故選G。 4.E　與上文“A slow blinking light would show the car is coming to a stop.”呼應(yīng)可知,此處列舉了另一種閃燈方式的含義,故選E。 5.C　承接上文“The team successfully collected more than 1,500 hours of data after about 2,900 kilometres of ‘self-driving’ through busy cities.”,并與C項中關(guān)鍵詞 data呼應(yīng),故選C項。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文。Yan Wei,一位30歲的盲人,從2015年開始跑馬拉松,在過去的兩年里,已經(jīng)跑了14次馬拉松。周日,他再次刷新了自己的馬拉松紀(jì)錄。 1.A　根據(jù)后文的a new time可知,他打破了個人紀(jì)錄,創(chuàng)造了一個新紀(jì)錄。beat打破(紀(jì)錄等);copy抄寫,模仿;research研究;preserve保護(hù),保持,保存。 2.C　他看不見,所以有兩個向?qū)椭?。dog狗;coach教練;guide向?qū)?judge裁判。 3.B　安全繩將他和向?qū)翟谝黄稹ift抬起,舉起;tie 系,扣,捆;separate(使)分開,(使)分離;fix修理,使固定。 4.D　根據(jù)第一段中的a 30-year-old blind man可知,他是個盲人,故該處指他失去了視力。parent父親或母親;strength力氣;voice嗓音;sight視力。 5.A　此處指志愿者幫助盲人跑步者。assist幫助;comfort安慰;represent代表;consult咨詢,商討。 6.D　根據(jù)下一句中的his sister可知,他一開始是在姐姐和父母的幫助下跑步。teacher教師;classmate同班同學(xué);brother兄(弟);sister姐(妹)。 7.C　一開始他一次只能跑2~3公里,但是,他提高得如此之快以至于后來他的姐姐必須騎自行車才能在前面引導(dǎo)他。donate捐贈;occupy占據(jù);improve提高,改善;witness目睹。 8.B　由guide可知,他的姐姐騎自行車在前面引導(dǎo)他。away from遠(yuǎn)離……;ahead of在……之前;behind在……后面;for為了。 9.A　他只花了四個月的時間就為他的第一次馬拉松做好了準(zhǔn)備。ready準(zhǔn)備好的;late晚的,遲到的;grateful感激的;harmful有害的。 10.B　Yan將他的快速進(jìn)步歸功于每天的鍛煉。adjust適應(yīng),調(diào)整;owe歸功于;devote把……奉獻(xiàn)給……;apply應(yīng)用,申請。 11.A　他每個月想跑200公里。run跑;drive駕駛;swim游泳;fly飛。 12.C　如果連續(xù)兩天不跑,他就感覺不舒服。unlucky不幸的;embarrassed尷尬的;uncomfortable不舒服的;ignored被忽視的。 13.D　因為現(xiàn)在沒有向?qū)艿帽人?所以訓(xùn)練對他來說變得更難了。stricter更嚴(yán)格的;looser更松的,更松散的;easier更容易的;harder更困難的。 14.B　他的向?qū)枰斜人玫纳眢w條件。living活著的;physical身體的,物理的;mental精神的,思想的;educational教育(方面)的。 15.C　Yan的力量和他訓(xùn)練的決心給Shu Hao留下了深刻的印象。 praise表揚;evaluate評價,評估;impress 給……以深刻印象;inspect檢查,檢閱。 16.D　Yan的力量和他訓(xùn)練的決心給Shu Hao留下了深刻的印象。instruction指示,命令;pressure壓力;absence缺席,不在;determination決心。 17.A　根據(jù)后面的taken part in a lot of marathons可知,Shu Hao參加了很多馬拉松,所以他很有經(jīng)驗。experienced有經(jīng)驗的;honest誠實的;overweight超重的;upset心煩的,沮喪的。 18.B　每次Yan跑步的時候,他不是渴望證明自己,而是他喜歡上了跑步,享受這個過程。soon after在……之后不久;every time每次;as if好像;even though盡管。 19.D　根據(jù)前文的taken delight in running可知,他喜歡跑步,所以他“享受”這個過程。delay耽擱,延遲;register登記,注冊;simplify使簡單;enjoy享受,喜歡。 20.C　根據(jù)第二段可知,2015年他第一次跑馬拉松,由此可推知,此處指他在過去的兩年里,跑了14次馬拉松。project項目,工程;operation手術(shù),操作;marathon馬拉松;task任務(wù)。