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語法 被動語態(tài) 教學目標 基礎(chǔ)知識 一 被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式 用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系 英語的語態(tài)共有兩種 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式 一般說來 只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài) 漢語往往用 被 受 給 等詞來表示被動意義 2 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被字句 主語 be 動詞過去分詞 v ed bysb 我打他Ibeathim 打過了 他被我打Hewasbeatenbyme 他喜歡她Helikesher 她被他喜歡Sheislikedbyhim am is are 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be動詞的時態(tài)決定的 be動詞是什么時態(tài) 全句就是什么時態(tài) be動詞后面的過去分詞不變 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法 WespeakEnglish 主動語態(tài) 主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus 被動語態(tài) 主語謂語賓語賓變主 主變賓 前加by動變被 看清be 結(jié)構(gòu)分別be pp 1 2 3 主動語態(tài)be的謂語形式總結(jié) 1 主 am is are 主 am is are being主 will be 主 hasbeen Heisaleader Heisbeinghere Hewillbealeader Hehasbeenaleader 主動語態(tài)be的謂語形式總結(jié) 2 主 was were 主 was were being主 would be 主 hadbeen Hewasaleader Hewasbeingherejustnow Hewouldbealeader Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago 各種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 一般現(xiàn)在時 is am aredone一般將來時 willbedone現(xiàn)在進行時 is am arebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時 have hasbeendone一般過去時 was weredone過去將來時 would shouldbedone過去進行時 was werebeingdone過去完成時 hadbeendone含情態(tài)動詞的 情態(tài)動詞 be done 被動語態(tài) 主 be 過去分詞 bysb 1 Heeatstheapple 2 Heatetheapple 3 Heiseatingtheapple 4 Hewaseatingtheapple 5 Hewilleattheapple 6 Hewouldeattheapple 7 Hehaseatentheapple 8 Hehadeatentheapple 1 Theappleiseatenbyhim 2 Theapplewaseatenbyhim 3 Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim 4 Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim 5 Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim 6 Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim 7 Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim 8 Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim 三 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 他兒子一定照顧這個人 Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson 這個人一定要由他兒子照顧 即這個人一定照顧由他兒子 Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson 含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時 在情態(tài)動詞后面直接加上be動詞即可 構(gòu)成 主語 情態(tài)動詞 can may must be 永遠是原形 過去分詞 bysb 1 Youmustdothisassoonaspossible 2 Icanuseit 3 Youshouldbuyadictionary 4 Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild 5 Wecanchangewaterintoice 1 Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible byyou 2 Itcanbeused 3 Adictionaryshouldbebought byyou 4 Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter bythem 5 Watercanbechangedintoice 沒有被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 1 所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中 這類動詞或短語如 takeplace 發(fā)生 happen 發(fā)生 die end vi 結(jié)束 fail lie cometruee g Thestoryhappenedin1990 e g Hisdreamhascometrue e g Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears 2 系動詞無被動語態(tài) be become fall feel get grow keep look seem smell sound taste Thepieceofmusicsoundsgood 聽起來很好 Thecaketastesdelicious 被動語態(tài)中幾個要注意的問題 1 使役動詞和感官動詞的被動語態(tài)在主動語態(tài)中 使役動詞和感官動詞后都是接動詞原形 而在被動語態(tài)中需接動詞不定式 e g Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews Iheardhersinginherroomafewminutesago Shewasheardtosinginherroomafewminutesago 2 含有雙賓語的動詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 有些雙賓動詞 如buy give leave lend offer pay show teach tell等 在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時 既可把間接賓語 指人 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語 而把直接賓語 指事物 保留下來 稱為保留賓語 也可把直接賓語 指事物 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語 而把間接賓語改為介詞to或for引起的狀語 到底用to還是for 與所搭配的動詞有關(guān) 比較 Hegavehersomemoney 他給她一些錢 Shewasgivensomemoney Somemoneywasgiventohim Heboughtherawatch 他給她買了一快表 Awatchwasboughtforher Shewasboughtawatch 3 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時 動詞短語應當看作一個整體 而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞 Helistenstotheradioeveryday Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse 基礎(chǔ)練習題 1 ThePeople sRepublicofChina onOctober1 1949 A foundB wasfoundedC isfoundedD wasfound 2 English inCanada A speaksB arespokenC isspeakingD isspoken 3 ThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass A oftensingsB oftensangC isoftensangD isoftensung B D D 4 Thiskindofcar inJapan A makesB madeC ismakingD ismade 5Newcomputers allovertheworld A isusedB areusingC areusedD haveused 6 Ourroommust clean A keepB bekeptC tobekeptD tokeep D C B 7 Anewhouse atthecorneroftheroad A isbuildingB isbeingbuiltC beenbuiltD bebuilding 8 Thekey onthetablewhenIleave A wasleftB willbeleftC isleftD hasbeenleft 9 Hisnewbook nextmonth A willbepublishedB ispublishingC isbeingpublishedD hasbeenpublished B C A 10 Theflowers often A mustbewaterB mustbewateredC mustwateredD mustwater B 提高練習題 1 Theoldbridgeinmyhometown nextmonth A isgoingtoberebuiltB willrebuiltC aregoingtoberebuiltD aregoingtorebuilt2 Theplay atthetheatrenextSunday A isgoingtobeshownB willshownC willshowD isshown A A 3 Nowthesemagazines inthelibraryforalongtime A havekeptB arekeepingC havebeenkeepingD havebeenkept4 I dliketobuythatcoat I msorry A itsoldB it ssellingC It sbeensoldD ithadbeensold D C 5 Thesepapers yet A havenotwrittenB havenotbeenwrittenC hasnotwrittenD hasnotbeenwritten6 Thesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek A didn tB won tC isn tD doesn t7 Thebooksmay fortwoweeks A bekeptB beborrowedC keepD borrow B B A 8 Thebrokenbike herebyMrSmith A canmendB canmendedC canbemendD canbemended9 Tea inthesouthofChina 多 A growsB isgrownC weregrownD willgrow10 Oldpeoplemust A lookafterwellB belookedwellafterC lookedwellafterD belookedafterwell D B D 11 Newly bornbabies inhospital A aretakengoodcareB aretakengoodcareofC takegoodcareofD takegoodcare12 I fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot A amgivenB wasbeengivingC hadgivenD wasgiven13 Shewill goodcare A take ofB betaken ofC take foryouD betaken ofyou B D B 14 Theteachermadehim hishomework A todoB doC didD done15 Thesechildren dance A wereseentoB wereseenforC wereseenD sawto16 Thebike 500yuan A wascostB costedC costD iscosted B A C 17 Theimportantmeeting onacoldmorninglastyear A washadB washeldC heldD had18 Greatchanges inthepasttenyearsinChina A tookplacetoB havetakenplaceC weretakingplaceD hadtakenplace B D 19 Themedicine inadryandcoolplace A keepB mustkeepC mustbekeptD mustbekeep C 練習題 1 Somebody Jackphonedwhileyouwereout A tocallB callingC beingcalledD called2 Thesewalls stone A aremadeofB madeofC aremadeintoD madeinto3 Jane tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday A calledB wasaskedC toldD wassaid 4 Thecoat hersister A madetoB weremadeforC wasmadeforD wasmadeto5 Pleasepassmeanothercup Thisone A isbrokenB isbreakingC brokeD broken6 Theboy ismyfriend A isnamedJohnB nameJohnC namedJohnD arenamedJohn 7 Thestorybooks bythewriterinthe1960s A arewrittenB werewrittenC arewritingD werewriting8 Thefirsttextbook forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury A havewrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD written 9 Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices A areboughtB boughtC beenboughtD buying10 Therepairscostalot butit smoneywell A tospendB spentC beingspentD spendingAnswers 1 5DABCA6 10CBDBB