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Unit3 Computers Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Companiesthathaveinvested(投資)heavilyinbigdatawanttoknowhowtomakesmartinvestmentsthatwilldistinguishthemfromthecompetitionandenablethebestpossiblereturnbeforemakingthedecisiontogoallin.Inthepast,notallenterprisebigdataplanswentasplanned.Thesefailuresarenotusuallypublished,butthebigdatafailurerateisunusuallyhigh. AccordingtoGartner,only15%ofbusinessesmakeitpasttheexperimentalstageoftheseprojects.Ourfear,asleadersoftechnologycompanies,isthatwithsomuchattentionsurroundingartificialintelligence,thepressureisonforustoapplythetechnologywithoutfirstsettingclearbusinessgoalsandunderstandingthedifferencesbetweenartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningandhowtheyshouldbeapplied,thusriskingfallingbehindthemanydecision-makerswhoareadoptingtechnologies. It??seasytogetcaughtupinthegreatexpectationofartificialintelligenceaswellasit??spromoted,includingbreakthroughslikedeeplearning,butthoselookingtomakeanoutsizedinfluenceshouldinsteadfocusongoodold-fashionedmachinelearning—orcheaplearning. Thedistinctionissimple:cheaplearningisaboutusingbasicmachinelearningtechniquesonstraightforwarddatasetsindifferentpartsofacompanytoproducealargenumberofsmall,gradualimprovements.Deeplearning,ontheotherhand,isaspecificpartofmachinelearning.Deeplearningisacollectionofadvancedmachinelearningapproachesthatmakebusinessdecisionsbasedonhighlycomplexdatasetspossible. Fortasksofanalysingrawdata,suchasimagesandvoicerecordings,deeplearningisbest.Butwhenitcomestoworkingonsimplified,structuredtypesofdata,we??vefoundcheapmachinelearningwilldothetrick.Whenyouconsiderthatthemajorityofdataflowingthroughenterprisesfallsintothissecondcategory,it??sclearwhichtoolmakesthemostsense. 1.Whatdoweknowaboutinvestmentinbigdatafromthefirstparagraph? A.It??ssecret. B.It??ssafe. C.It??srisky. D.It??sfruitful. 2.Whichofthefollowingaddstothepressureontheleadingtechnologycompanies? A.Understandingartificialintelligenceandmachinelearning. B.Wastingtoomuchtimeonartificialintelligence. C.Fallingbehindothercompanies. D.Actingwithunclearbusinessgoals. 3.Whatshouldcompanieswithambitionsconcentrateon? A.Astronginfluence. B.Bigbreakthroughs. C.Cheaplearning. D.Deeplearning. 4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase “dothetrick” inthelastparagraphreferto? A.Invest. B.Cheat. C.Function. D.Simplify. Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Everythingisonlinethesedays,andit??ssoeasytosearchonlineforwhateveryouwant.TheInternetisavaluabletool,butit??seasytofindyourselfdisturbedbyit.Forexample,you??reworkingonanessay,andyouneedtodosomesearchonline.　1　Beforeyouknowit,you??vespentanhourreadingmoreinformationthanyou??llbeabletouse.Maybeyounoticeanattractivetitleorsomethingelsethatdrawsyouawayfromyourwork.　2　 AddictiontosocialmediaiscloselyrelatedtoourgeneraladdictiontotheInternet.Everyoneisalwaysontheirphones.　3　Asaresult,whenIgettowork,Idon??thaveenoughattentionandenergytoputtowardsthetask.Ifthissoundslikeyou,thenyourproductivityhassufferedbecauseofthewayyouusetheInternet. 　4　Soweshouldlearntolivewithit.TheonlywaytostoptheInternetfromoccupyingallyourtimeandconcentrationistodisconnect.Whenyoudisconnect,you??llgetyourattentionbackandworkproductively.Thus,whenworkingonachallengingtask,keepyourphoneoutofreach.Meanwhile,gointoyourworkwiththeintentionofhavinggreaterfocusandenergysothatyou??llbediscouragedfromusingtheInternet.　5　Thispressurewillhelpyougetthejobdoneontime. A.Yoursearchtermsbringback20pagesofresults. B.Onthewhole,theInternetcanbeahelporablock. C.Itwilldrawyourattentiontomoreimportantmatters. D.TheInternethaschangedthewayourworldfunctions. E.Asaresult,timedisappearsbutyoustilldon??tfinishyourwork. F.Ihavesurelycaughtmyselfcheckingmyphoneeverytenminutes. G.Besides,youcanforceyourselftocompleteyourtaskinthefixedtime. Ⅲ.完形填空 Oneday,LukeFortunedrovefromOregontoPortland,whereheparkedhiscarinapaidgarageovernight.Thenextmorning,he　1　thecar??swindowhadbeenbroken,alongwithhis　2　forthefuture:hiscomputerwas　3　. “Everythingimportanttomewasonthatcomputer,” saidFortune. “Ifelt　4　.” Twodaysafterthe　5　,anotheryoungmancalledFortune.MasoudAlmazroueiwasanexchangestudentfromtheUnitedArabEmirates.He??dbeen　6　byamanwhosaidhehadacomputerforsale.Only$200.Almazrouei　7　acomputer,soheboughtit,tookithome,andturnediton.Withinseconds,hesawfilesandphotographs. “Iwonderedwhowould　8　acomputerwithallofthisonit,” hesaid. “I　9　itcouldbestolen.” Almazroueifoundwhatappearedtobetheowner??sphonenumberandcalledit　10　. “Hetoldmethestoryandsaiditwashisfault.Ithoughtitwasa　11　.Itoldhimifhereallyhadthe　12　,heshouldtakeittothepolice,” Fortunesaid.　13　,apoliceofficercalledFortunetosaythatamanhaddroppedthecomputeroffandsaidhewas　14　.Hepassedontheman??snumber.FortunecalledandthankedAlmazroueiand　15　payinghimarewardof$200—themoneyhewasout.Almazrouei　16　. Whenareportaboutthetwoyoungmen??sstorymadeittothelocalpapers,Almazroueireceiveda(n)　17　fromWimWiewel,thethenpresidentoftheuniversitywhereAlmazroueiwasstudying.Impressedwithhisstudent??s　18　,WiewelgaveAlmazroueianewcomputer. “Wethoughtsinceyou　19　thecomputer,weshouldgiveyouacomputersothatyou??llhaveone,” Wieweltoldhim. “We??revery　20　you.” 1.A.expected B.concluded C.discovered D.remembered 2.A.dreams B.skills C.decisions D.imaginations 3.A.robbed B.hidden C.broken D.gone 4.A.special B.sad C.absurd D.regretful 5.A.theft B.conflict C.adventure D.emergency 6.A.inspired B.reminded C.interviewed D.approached 7.A.operated B.needed C.possessed D.assessed 8.A.return B.like C.sell D.throw 9.A.realized B.predicted C.admitted D.guaranteed 10.A.unwillingly B.cautiously C.immediately D.automatically 11.A.mistake B.catastrophe C.misunderstanding D.trick 12.A.chance B.computer C.bravery D.experience 13.A.Besides B.However C.Afterwards D.Therefore 14.A.sorry B.moved C.lucky D.terrified 15.A.enjoyed B.practised C.succeededin D.insistedon 16.A.ignored B.refused C.hesitated D.withdrew 17.A.invitation B.apology C.warning D.call 18.A.honesty B.achievement C.independence D.determination 19.A.tookback B.paidback C.gaveback D.heldback 20.A.tiredof B.proudof C.curiousabout D.concernedabout 課時作業(yè)(八) Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇科技說明文。投資大數(shù)據(jù)的成功率很低;人工智能的突破涉及深度學(xué)習(xí),而深度學(xué)習(xí)和簡單學(xué)習(xí)適用于不同的企業(yè)執(zhí)行不同的任務(wù)。 1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,投資大數(shù)據(jù)的失敗率相當(dāng)高,風(fēng)險巨大,故選C。 2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知,運用這種技術(shù)而沒有預(yù)先設(shè)定清晰的商業(yè)目標(biāo)會帶來壓力,故選D。 3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的內(nèi)容可知,那些想要有極大影響的(即有抱負(fù)的)企業(yè)要集中精力于好的、舊式的簡單學(xué)習(xí),故選C。 4.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句并結(jié)合第二句可推知,此處dothetrick是“起作用”的含義,故選C。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要講述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)在給人們帶來便利的同時,也帶來了一些困擾。 1.A　承接上文“Forexample,you??reworkingonanessay,andyouneedtodosomesearchonline.”,并與下文“Beforeyouknowit,you??vespentanhourreadingmoreinformationthanyou??llbeabletouse.”呼應(yīng)可知,網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索會有很多結(jié)果,故選A。 2.E　承接上文“Beforeyouknowit,you??vespentanhourreadingmoreinformationthanyou??llbeabletouse.”可推知,瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的眾多信息需要花費很多時間,因此會耽誤工作,故選E。 3.F　承接上文“Everyoneisalwaysontheirphones.”,并與下文的具體實例結(jié)合可推知,此處表示作者自己曾沉溺于手機,故選F。 4.B　結(jié)合下文“Soweshouldlearntolivewithit.”,并結(jié)合對本文的整體理解可推知,此處是一個過渡句,起到承上啟下的作用,總結(jié)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)有利有弊,故選B。 5.G　承接下文“Thispressurewillhelpyougetthejobdoneontime.”可推知,要準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)就給自己一些壓力,強迫自己去做事,故選G。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,講述Almazrouei歸還被盜的電腦的故事。 1.C　第二天早晨,他發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車的玻璃被打碎了。expect預(yù)期;conclude 結(jié)束;discover 發(fā)現(xiàn);remember記得。 2.A　此處指他的夢想就像被打碎的玻璃一樣破滅了。dream夢想;skill技能;decision 決定;imagination想象。 3.D　根據(jù)上下文可知,他的電腦不見了。rob搶劫;hide隱藏;break 打碎;go離去。 4.B　電腦不見了,所以他感覺很悲傷。special特別的;sad悲傷的;absurd 荒謬的;regretful后悔的。 5.A　根據(jù)上下文可判斷,這是一起盜竊案。theft 盜竊;conflict沖突;adventure 冒險;emergency緊急情況。 6.D　一個男人走近他,說他有一臺電腦要賣。inspire 激發(fā);remind提醒;interview采訪;approach接近。 7.B　根據(jù)“…soheboughtit,tookithome,andturnediton.”可知,Almazrouei需要一臺電腦。operate操作;need需要;possess擁有;assess評估。 8.C　Almazrouei想知道誰會賣一臺裝有這些文件和照片的電腦。return 返回;like喜歡;sell銷售;throw投。 9.A　Almazrouei意識到它一定是被偷的。realize意識到;predict預(yù)測;admit 承認(rèn);guarantee擔(dān)保。 10.C　Almazrouei 發(fā)現(xiàn)了疑似電腦主人的電話號碼,立即給他打電話。unwillingly不情愿地;cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地;immediately立即;automatically自動地。 11.D　根據(jù)“‘…h(huán)eshouldtakeittothepolice,’…”可知,Fortune認(rèn)為這是一個惡作劇。mistake錯誤;catastrophe大災(zāi)難;misunderstanding 誤會;trick惡作劇。 12.B　根據(jù)前文可知,Fortune是說如果他真的有這臺電腦,他應(yīng)該把它交給警察。chance 機會;computer 電腦;bravery勇敢;experience經(jīng)歷。 13.C　后來,一位警官給Fortune打電話。 besides此外;however然而;afterwards然后;therefore因此。 14.A　根據(jù)“‘Hetoldmethestoryandsaiditwashisfault.’”可知,他說他很抱歉。sorry抱歉的;moved感動的;lucky幸運的;terrified恐懼的。 15.D　Fortune堅決要求給Almazrouei200美元作為報答。enjoy 享受;practise 練習(xí);succeedin成功;insiston堅決要求。 16.B　Almazrouei 拒絕了。ignore忽略;refuse拒絕;hesitate猶豫;withdraw收回。 17.D　Almazrouei 接到了他當(dāng)時所在大學(xué)的校長WimWiewel的電話。invitation邀請;apology道歉;warning 警告;call電話。 18.A　被他的學(xué)生的誠實所打動,Wiewel給了Almazrouei一臺新電腦。honesty誠實;achievement成就;independence 獨立;determination決心。 19.C　Wiewel說因為Almazrouei歸還了電腦,他應(yīng)該獎給他一臺電腦。takeback 拿回;payback 償還;giveback 歸還;holdback阻止。 20.B　Wiewel為學(xué)校培養(yǎng)出像Almazrouei這樣的學(xué)生而感到驕傲。betiredof 厭煩;beproudof 為……而感到驕傲;becuriousabout好奇,想知道;beconcernedabout關(guān)心,擔(dān)憂。