2019年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點07 動詞和動詞短語(含解析).doc
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考點07 動詞和動詞短語 高考頻度:★★★★★ 英語動詞根據(jù)其意義和句法作用,可分為實義動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞四大類。實義動詞又稱行為動詞,為表示動作或狀態(tài)的動詞,可以單獨充當句子的謂語,實義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞兩類。英語中的動詞短語通常由動詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成,在句中起動詞的作用。高考設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語詞意的辨析及其理解和運用能力。 考向一 常用動詞辨析 1.advise,persuade,suggest advise用作及物動詞,表示"勸告,忠告,建議",強調(diào)提醒或引起注意; persuade表示"說服",強調(diào)勸說成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事(相當于persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示勸說但不一定成功,則使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。 suggest用作及物動詞,意為"建議",后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或從句,從句中的謂語用"should+動詞原形",should可以省略。 2.bring,take,carry,fetch bring"帶來,拿來,取來",強調(diào)從別處帶人或物到說話人所在地。 take"拿走,帶走",強調(diào)把人或物從說話者身邊帶走,方向與bring相反。 fetch"去拿來,去取來",強調(diào)從甲地出發(fā)到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相當于go and bring。 carry"攜帶,搬運,運送",強調(diào)用人力或車輛把人或物從一地運到另一地。 3.win,beat,defeat win表示"贏得,戰(zhàn)勝"時,賓語多是比賽項目等。win sb.則指"贏得人心"。 beat/defeat意為"打敗,擊敗",其賓語只能是人或由人組成的機構(gòu)。如:beat sb.打敗某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy擊敗了他們的隊/國家/敵人。 beat多用于表示在比賽或爭論中戰(zhàn)勝對手; defeat多用于在戰(zhàn)爭中打敗對手。 4.believe,believe in believe表示"相信,認為",側(cè)重于相信某人說的話或所做事情的真實性,其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)或賓語從句。 believe in表示"相信,信任,信仰,信奉",其后常接真理、宗教、原則之類的名詞。 ?You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你應該相信自己,并且相信某天你將會成功的。 5.book,order 二者都有"訂購,預訂"之意,但book指訂各種"票,座位";而order指"餐館訂飯、菜,定做衣服,訂貨"等,常用結(jié)構(gòu):place an order for sth. with sb.向某人訂購某物。 對比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room訂一張票/兩個座位/一個雙人間;order four dishes/ lunch要四個菜/訂好午飯。 ?He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他訂了一張四人桌,并且要了六個菜。 6.choose,select,elect choose表示"選擇,挑選",有時也表示"推選,選舉",但一般表示范圍很小、普通的選擇,沒有elect正式。 select表示"(精心地)挑選,選定",具有"精選"之意。 elect表示"選舉",指較大范圍的正式的選舉。 7.disturb,interrupt disturb是及物動詞,有"打擾,擾亂,使人心神不安"之意。常用短語: disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the public peace打擾睡覺的孩子/打亂計劃/擾亂社會治安; be mentally disturbed精神上受到影響;be disturbed about對……感到不安。 interrupt有"打斷,打擾"之意,側(cè)重打斷。常用短語: interrupt the supplies中斷供應 interrupt one’s speech打斷演講 8.hurt,injure,wound,harm hurt是一般用語,指精神或肉體上受到的傷害,有較強烈的"疼痛"意味; injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故對身體或精神上的"損害,損傷"; wound主要指外界暴力引起身體創(chuàng)傷,尤指戰(zhàn)爭中受的刀、槍、劍等傷; harm指對人的肉體或精神帶來傷害,特指傷及一個人或其心態(tài)、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等,使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或任何不幸遭遇。 9.miss,lose miss意為"未能趕上(抓?。e過,失去,漏掉"。而lose意為"丟失,迷失方向,迷路"。 10.fit,be fit for,be fit to,suit fit用作及物或不及物動詞,表示"(衣服等)合適,使合身"; be fit for是形容詞短語,表示"適合的,能勝任的",for后接名詞或動名詞; befit to表示"適合,能勝任",to是動詞不定式符號,后接動詞原形。suit指顏色、款式的"適合",而fit指尺寸、大小的"合適"。 11.save,spare save意為"儲蓄,節(jié)省",指把錢、時間及其他東西儲蓄起來以備將來用,或指節(jié)省東西,避免浪費,也指"救命"。而spare意為"?。?,指細心地省下或節(jié)省錢、時間、力氣等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。 12.seat,sit seat是及物動詞,意思是"使坐下",可以接人作賓語,還可以用于被動語態(tài)。常見搭配有:seat sb.使某人坐下;seat oneself自己坐下;be seated=sit down坐好。而sit是不及物動詞,不能帶賓語。 (2018新課標I卷完形填空)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 考向二 考查同根介詞或副詞動詞短語的辨析 使用頻率較高的這類動詞有:call,cut,e,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常見的介詞或副詞有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。 1.動詞+away構(gòu)成的短語動詞有: throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐贈,分發(fā) carry away運走 run away潛逃,跑開 go away 走開 2.動詞+for構(gòu)成的短語動詞有: answer for負責 provide for供給 all for要求 plan for打算,為……計劃hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,尋找 send for派人去請 go for努力獲取 pay for償還,賠償 3.動詞+on構(gòu)成的短語動詞有: try on試穿,試驗 put on穿上,上演 have on穿著,戴著 pull on穿,戴 hold on不掛斷,堅持,繼續(xù) carry on繼續(xù)開展,堅持 keep on繼續(xù) go on繼續(xù) get on上(車) 4.動詞+over構(gòu)成的短語動詞有: e over過來 hand over移交 go over仔細檢查,復習 get over克服,恢復 look over檢查 think over仔細考慮 take over接受,接管 hand over移交 turn over翻轉(zhuǎn) 5.動詞+up構(gòu)成的短語動詞有: bring up撫育,培養(yǎng) call up召喚,打電話給 e up走上前來,長出 cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放棄;go up上升,增長 grow up 長大 look up尊敬,向上看,查尋 make up虛構(gòu),彌補,組成 put up舉起,搭建 set up建立,創(chuàng)(紀錄) pick up撿起,(開車)接某人,偶然得到 send up發(fā)射 show up揭露,露面 turn up出現(xiàn),把……調(diào)高一點 1. (2018江蘇卷完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been___36___ to pay lawyers’ fees. A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up 【答案】B 2. (2018天津卷單項填空)At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills. A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up 【答案】A 3.(2017江蘇卷完形填空)In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36(struggling) across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38(before) anyone else had to be there. A. rising up B. ing up C. driving up D. turning up 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞短語。根據(jù)" 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else"可知,學習音樂的同學需要比不學音樂的早到學校幾個小時,為了練習彈奏樂器。turn up在"出現(xiàn)",符合語境。 6.動詞+out構(gòu)成的短語動詞有: e out出來 go out出去,熄滅 look out留神,當心 walk out走出 set out出發(fā),開始 put out撲滅,生產(chǎn) give out發(fā)出,發(fā)表 hand out分發(fā) pick out挑選 find out找出,發(fā)現(xiàn) speak out大聲地說 turn out生產(chǎn),結(jié)果是 get out出去,離開 carry out實行,執(zhí)行 work out計算出,解決,實行,行得通 bring out出版 start out出發(fā),動身。 (2017江蘇卷單項填空)Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor. A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out 【答案】B 【解析】考查短語辨析。hold out堅持;提供機會;伸出手; B. bring out使顯現(xiàn),闡明,出版;C. pick out使容易看見,找出精心挑選,認出來;D. give out用完,停止運行,分發(fā),發(fā)出,公布。句意:在非洲同醫(yī)療隊一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了最好的一面。這里?。⑹癸@現(xiàn)"之意,故選B。 考向三 常見同根動詞短語辨析 1.bring bring in引進,掙得 bring about引起,導致 bring up養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng),嘔吐,提出 bring out使展現(xiàn),推出(書等) bring down降低,使倒下 bring back把……帶回來,使憶起 bring forth結(jié)果,生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生 bring forward提出,提前 bring off圓滿完成(困難之事) 2.break break down崩潰,瓦解,垮掉,失敗,分解 break up打碎,分解,分開,結(jié)束,制止 break through逾越,突破,沖破 break away(from)掙脫,脫離 break out爆發(fā) break in破門而入 break into進入建筑物以便行竊,突然發(fā)出,打擾 break off折斷,中斷 3.e e about發(fā)生 e out結(jié)果出來,出版,開花 e across偶遇,被理解 e true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實 e up走上前,被提出,走近 e along一起來 e up with產(chǎn)生,發(fā)現(xiàn)(解決辦法等) 4.give give up放棄 give in屈服,呈交 give out用盡,耗盡,分發(fā),公布,發(fā)表 give off發(fā)出 give away頒發(fā),贈送,送掉,捐贈 5.go go against違背,與……不符,對……不利 go without勉強維持,湊合 go in for愛好,參加,從事 go by過去,依據(jù),按照 go on繼續(xù),發(fā)生 go over復習,仔細審查,走近 go ahead 進行 go through從頭到尾地閱讀,經(jīng)歷 go away走開,外出度假,消失 go for去取來或接來,爭取得到 6.keep keep away(from)使遠離 keep back扣除,保留,隱瞞不講 keep off避開 keep on繼續(xù) keep out擋在外邊,請勿靠近 keep up保持,不低落,持續(xù),繼續(xù) keep up with跟上 keep down抑制(以防其增長) 7.look look ahead向前看 look about環(huán)顧 look back回憶,回顧 look out當心,找出 look up向上看,查閱,看望 look down upon看不起 look through翻閱 look into調(diào)查,向內(nèi)看 look after照看,負責處理 look on旁觀 look forward to盼望 look round尋找,邊走邊看,觀光 8.put put back放回原處,撥回,阻礙,推遲 put down平定,鎮(zhèn)壓,記下 put away將事物放置于慣常保存之處,儲蓄 put forward提出(計劃、建議),撥快,提前 put off延期 put on穿戴,上映 put out撲滅,生產(chǎn) put up舉起,張貼 9.take take in吸收 take for誤認為 take out拿出 take down放下 take up從事,拿起,占據(jù) take off飛機起飛,脫下,休假,成功 take by攻占 take after像 take along隨身攜帶 take away帶走,拿走,使離去 take back收回,退回(所購商品) take charge負責,掌管 take on呈現(xiàn),雇傭 take out拿出,帶……出去 take over接管,接任 1.(2018江蘇卷單項填空) DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_______ a clear road map and timetable. A. callsfor B. callson C. callsoff D. callsup 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:發(fā)展長江經(jīng)濟帶是一項需要清晰的路線圖和時間表的系統(tǒng)工程。A. calls for需要;B. calls on號召;C. calls off取消;D. calls up使想起。故選A。 2.The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will ________the business? A. take in B. take up C. take on D. take over 【答案】D 10.turn turn back折回,掉轉(zhuǎn)頭 turn away轉(zhuǎn)身,走開,打發(fā)走 turn out結(jié)果是,趕出,生產(chǎn),制造 turn down拒絕,調(diào)小 turn off關(guān)掉 turn over翻過來,移交 turn in上交(作業(yè)等),拐入 turn into變成,翻譯 turn on打開,取決于 turn to求助于,翻到 turn up調(diào)大,出現(xiàn) Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to 【答案】B 【解析】句意:上個周湯姆不得不拒絕宴會的邀請,因為他太忙了。turn in 上交; turn down拒絕; turn over 移交; turn to求助。根據(jù)句意可知選B。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I.單項填空 1.A sign of a liar is that his eyes are always __________, that’s to say, he doesn’t dare to look into your eyes. A. disagreeing B. wondering C. reflecting D. wandering 2.The government will set up a group to__________ways to improve the people’s living standard. A. run into B. get into C. look into D. break into 3.The visiting president answered journalists’ questions, saying the two countries should seek mon ground and __________differences on many problems. A. examine B. explore C. assume D. reserve 4.You might__________deer or horses as you walk through the farmland, where many animals live. A. e up B. e through C. e across D. e over 5.We all__________Wang Yaping as an example of a woman who managed to fulfil her dream. A. look forward to B. look back C. look up to D. look over 6.They kept trying, and their efforts finally __________. A. make it B. paid off C. are made it D. are paid off 7.In Britain today, women__________44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work. A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. give up 8.—It’s a good idea. But who’s going to __________the plan? —I think Tom and Mike will. A. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside 9.As a student, I want to use my creativity to__________ possible solutions to the problems I meet with. A. explain B. express C. ignore D. explore 10.The policy of reducing the price of bus services provides you with a cheap way to __________. A. get through B. get across C. get over D. get around 題組二 體驗真題 1. (2017天津卷單項填空)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids. A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in 2. (2017天津卷完形填空)I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me before. A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside 3. (2017新課標1卷完形填空)After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count 4.(2016江蘇)He did not _________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A. approach B. wrestle C. promise D. municate 5.(2016江蘇)Many businesses started up by college students have________ thanks to the fortable climate for business creation. A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off 6.(2016江蘇)Parents should actively urge their children to______ the opportunity to join sports teams. A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to 7.(2016天津)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on 8.(2016天津)I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. make C. take D. give 9.(2016天津)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her. A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off 10.(2016浙江)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us. A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon 題組一基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項填空 2.C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:政府將成立一個組去研究提高人民生活水平的方法。run into"偶然遇見";get into"進入";look into"調(diào)查,研究";break into"闖入"。 3.D 【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意:來訪的總統(tǒng)在答記者問時說,在許多問題上,兩國應當求同存異。examine"檢查";explore"探索":assume"假設(shè)";reserve"保留"。 4.C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:在穿過農(nóng)場時,你可能會碰到鹿或馬,那兒有很多動物。e up"出現(xiàn),到來";e through"安然度過";e across"(偶然)碰見";e over"來訪,拜訪"。 5.C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:王亞平作為一個婦女的典范受到我們所有人的尊敬,她努力實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。look up to sb.表示"尊敬某人"。 6.B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:他們一直努力,而且他們的努力終于奏效了。make it"成功,到達",無被動形式,排除C項;A項時態(tài)錯誤;pay off意為"(計劃等)奏效"時,也沒有被動形式。故選B項。 7.B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:如今的英國勞動力中,女性占了44%,而且近一半的有孩子的母親在工作賺錢。make up"構(gòu)成",符合句意。take up"開始從事(新的工作),占據(jù)(一定的時間或空間)"; pick up"撿起,接收";give up"放棄"。 9.D 【解析】考查動詞辨析。explain"解釋";express"表達";ignore"忽略";explore"探索"。句意:作為一名學生,我想用我的創(chuàng)造力去探索可能的方式來解決我遇到的問題。 10.D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。get through"通過,到達,做完,接通電話,熬過(困難時期等)";get across"(使)被了解";get over"克服,恢復";get around"到處走動,傳播"。句意:降低公交服務(wù)價格的政策給你提供了一種便宜的方式去旅游。 題組二體驗真題 1.A 【解析】句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來,結(jié)婚生子。A. 安頓下來;B. 遠離;C.起床;D. 插嘴。根據(jù)句意,故選A。 2.B 【解析】根據(jù)上文fear和下文the same difficulties that beat me before可知,我充滿了恐懼,害怕遇到 以前打敗我的同樣的困難。A. 克服,戰(zhàn)勝;B. 遇到;C. 尋找;D. 把……放到一邊。故選B。 3.52. B 考查動詞辨析。exercise鍛煉;explore探索;express表達;explain解釋。句意:在那之后,我感覺到想要探索更多(關(guān)于手語的東西),于是我決定參加ASL 俱樂部的一次會議。故選B。 53. C 考查動詞辨析。print打印;write寫;sign簽名,打手語;count數(shù)。句意:那天我只學會了打字母表的手語。分析語境可知作者第一次參加手語俱樂部的會議,學會的應該是最基本的打字母表的手語。故選C。 4.C 【解析】考查動詞辨析。動詞approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗爭,努力解決;promise妥協(xié);和解;讓步;municate交流;句意:他不容易妥協(xié),但是對于正義的事業(yè),他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。 5.B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。fall off跌落,下降;take off起飛,成功,受歡迎;turn off關(guān)閉;leave off停止,中斷。句意:由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境,很多大學生創(chuàng)辦的生意都很成功。根據(jù)句意可知B正確。 6.C 【解析】考查短語辨析。動詞短語gain admission to 獲準進入;keep track of記錄;take advantage of利用;give rise to引起;句意:父母親應該積極鼓勵孩子抓住機會參加體育活動。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。 7.A 【解析】句意:瑪麗在討論的前一部分是沉默的,但是最后她說出自己對這個話題的觀點。A. 將……說出,透露,表明;B. 注意,照看;C.對……充耳不聞;D.踏上。根據(jù)語境,故選A。 10.A 【解析】句意:當我們學會讓我們的差異聯(lián)合起來而不是將我們分離的時候,我們就獲得很多。A. 將……分開;B. 拒絕,拒收;C.控制;D.放棄。根據(jù)語境,故選A。 1、- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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