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Unit 5　Theme parks 【短文語法填空】 The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to ＂air condition＂ a house without 4 (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day; 7 the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 9 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【文章大意】土坯房比現(xiàn)在的房子好在冬暖夏涼?，F(xiàn)代的建筑師都很羨慕這樣的房子不用空調(diào)就能很好地調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)的溫度， 關(guān)鍵是這房子的墻的厚度。 1. built 【解析】考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句的主語是The adobe dwellings，謂語是are admired，因此空白處不需要謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作定語，表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。 2. the 【解析】考査冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞the。 3. ability 【解析】考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。 4. using 【解析】考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。介詞without后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 5. slowly 【解析】考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。 6. to cool 【解析】考査固定結(jié)構(gòu)/考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。enough to do表示＂足以……＂，不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。 7. at 【解析】考査介詞/固定搭配。at the same time表示＂同時(shí)＂，是固定搭配。 8. goes 9. natural 【解析】考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。 10. how 【解析】考査名詞性從句的連接詞。根據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P104) various adj.不同的；各種各樣的 (1)variety n．變化；種類 a considerable/great/wide variety of 各種各樣的 in a variety of ways 用種種方法 a variety of＋n.＝varieties of＋n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)各種各樣的 (2)vary vi.& vt.有變化；改變 由……到……不等 vary with sth.隨著……而變化 ①(教材原句)There are various kinds of theme parks，with a different park for almost everything：food，culture，science，cartoons，movies or history. 有各種各樣的主題公園，不同的公園有不同的主題，但幾乎囊括了一切：食物、文化、科學(xué)、卡通、電影或歷史。 ②(2016江蘇卷)The Internet makes us smarter over __various__ (variety) kinds of things. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過各種各樣不同的東西使我們更聰明。 ③單句語法填空(2017浙江卷)They discussed __various__ (vary) matters all over the world. “a variety of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the variety of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ④A variety of books __are sold__ (sell) in this bookstore. 這家書店賣各種書籍。 ⑤The variety of apples __is__ (be) increasing. 蘋果的種類在增多。 amusement n．[U]娛樂，消遣；[C]娛樂活動(dòng)，娛樂品 (1)to one’s amusement 讓人感到愉快(有趣)的是 (2) (3) ①(教材原句)As you wander around the fantasy amusement park，you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. 當(dāng)你漫游在這個(gè)充滿想象的娛樂公園時(shí)，你可以在游行隊(duì)伍中或街道上看到白雪公主和米老鼠。 ②__To__ everyone’s amusement，the actor fell off the stage. 演員從舞臺(tái)上跌了下來，把大家都逗樂了。 ③Seeing everyone __was amused__ (amuse)at the __amusing__ (amuse) joke，he kept silent，finding it was easier __to amuse__ (amuse) others than to amuse himself. 看到每個(gè)人都被這個(gè)有趣的笑話逗樂了，他保持著沉默，發(fā)現(xiàn)使別人發(fā)笑比使自己發(fā)笑更容易。 preserve vt.保存；保留 n．保護(hù)區(qū) (1)preserve sb./sth.保護(hù)某人；保存某物 preserve one’s strength 保存體力 preserve one’s eyesight 保護(hù)視力 be well preserved 保養(yǎng)得很好 preserve sb./sth.from/against...保護(hù)某人/某物免受…… (2)in the preserve 在保護(hù)區(qū) nature preserve 自然保護(hù)區(qū) ①(教材原句)You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largest bald eagle preserve. 你甚至可以在世界上最大的禿鷹保護(hù)區(qū)見到漂亮的禿鷹。 ②(2016上海卷)I think the museum has more __advanced__ (advance) facilities to make the exhibition successful and __to preserve__ (preserve) the paintings well. 我認(rèn)為博物館有更多先進(jìn)的設(shè)備能使展覽成功，也能完好地保護(hù)這些油畫。 ③__In__ this nature preserve，all the rare plants __are wellpreserved__ (wellpreserve)． 在這個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)中，所有的稀有植物都保存良好。 ④單句語法填空(2017北京卷)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish __to preserve__ (preserve) its own existence. advance vt.& vi.前進(jìn)；促進(jìn)；提前 n．前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步 (1)advance on/towards sb./sth.向某人/物前進(jìn) (2)in advance of 在……前面；在……之前 in advance 在前面，預(yù)先 make an advance/advances 取得進(jìn)步 (3)advanced adj.高等的；先進(jìn)的；高深的 advanced engineer/worker/English/maths/technology 高級(jí)工程師/先進(jìn)工作者/高級(jí)英語/高等數(shù)學(xué)/先進(jìn)技術(shù) ①(教材原句)This science and technologybased theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. 這個(gè)以科技為基礎(chǔ)的法國(guó)主題公園使用了最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。 ②He worked so well that he was soon __advanced__ (advance) to the position of secretary. 他工作表現(xiàn)得那么好以至于很快被提升為秘書。 ③(2015湖北卷)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you __in__ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 這個(gè)會(huì)議室是無煙區(qū)域。我想提前警告你：如果你在這里吸煙，你將會(huì)被罰款。 ④(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thirdly, they may be a bit difficult for you, so you’d better make some preparations __in__ advance. 第三，它們也許對(duì)你來說比較難，所以你最好提前做些準(zhǔn)備。 【七選五】 Ways to get rid of jealousy Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling es from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience when we notice others ＂better＂ lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 　1 　. It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy. Be confident. Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the ‘fake it till you makes it’s method. 　 2 　Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others. Don’t pare yourself. parison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid paring yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom. A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 　 3 　We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure. 　 4 　 When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle. Make a healthy change. Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 　 5 　 A. Act positively. B. Think positively. C. Jealousy is like a snake. D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness . E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself. F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually bee natural to you. G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad. 【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了嫉妒對(duì)人們的危害，并給人們提出了擺脫嫉妒的三點(diǎn)建議。 1.D 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂Jealousy is like a poison.＂及空后的＂It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒藥，它會(huì)毀掉關(guān)系、友誼和滿足感，故此處應(yīng)指嫉妒有扼殺幸福的潛在力量。故選D。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.＂（通過重視不完美是一個(gè)很好的方法）及空后＂We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.＂（整個(gè)一生中，我們都在不斷地成長(zhǎng)和改進(jìn)，這也正是失敗的價(jià)值所在。）可知此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把我們的不足當(dāng)成一種學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，而不是讓它成為讓我們感覺糟糕的因素。故選G。 4.B 【解析】根據(jù)段落中的＂When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well…＂（當(dāng)你感覺郁悶時(shí)，讓自己想一想自己身上積極的品質(zhì)?；貞浺幌履闵瞄L(zhǎng)的事情……）可知，本段的主題應(yīng)是思想要積極。故選B。 5.E 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.＂（如果你對(duì)別人的成績(jī)感到嫉妒時(shí)，要把它作為更加努力地工作去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力。只要記住，如果你想要的改變是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把嫉妒感當(dāng)成自我發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。故選E。 no wonder 難怪；不足為奇 (1)No wonder(that)．..＝It’s no wonder(that)．..，表示“難怪……；……不足為奇”。主要用于弄清了事情的緣由，恍然大悟，不再感到奇怪。 do/work wonders 創(chuàng)造奇跡 It is a wonder that...真想不到，令人驚奇的是…… (2)wonder to do sth.驚訝(奇怪)做某事 wonder that...感到奇怪，覺得驚訝 wonder whether(if)/when/why/how...想知道是否/什么時(shí)候/為什么/怎么…… wonder about sth.想弄明白，琢磨 wonder at 非常驚訝 ①(教材原句)With all these attractions，no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. 有這么多引人入勝的東西，難怪哪里有迪斯尼樂園，哪里的旅游業(yè)就會(huì)發(fā)展。 ②They waited and __wondered__ (wonder) what to do. 他們等待著，不知干什么。 ③I wonder __if__ I might have a word with Mr.Abbot? 請(qǐng)問我能否和阿博特先生說幾句話？ ④(2015湖南卷)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground， __wondering__ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. ⑤(2015天津卷)Although her description sounded __wonderful__ (wonder)，the price was beyond our range，so we declined. I wonder if...常用于請(qǐng)求別人做某事或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可的情景中，表示語氣的委婉。 get close to 接近，靠近 (1)close to 靠近，幾乎 keep a close eye/watch on 密切注視 e close to 差一點(diǎn)兒 (2)be closely connected with 與……有密切聯(lián)系 (3)close v．關(guān)閉；合上；結(jié)束；封閉 close down 關(guān)閉；停業(yè) close up 暫停營(yíng)業(yè)；關(guān)閉 close in 迫近；漸短 (4)bring...to a close 使……結(jié)束 e to a close 告一段落 draw to a close 結(jié)束；終結(jié) ①(教材原句)Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced... 參觀者可以接觸到他們從來沒有經(jīng)歷過的世界角落…… ②An airliner came close __to__ disaster while approaching Heathrow Airport. 一架大型客機(jī)在飛近希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)差點(diǎn)兒發(fā)生空難。 ③We need to keep a close eye __on__ this project. 我們需密切關(guān)注這項(xiàng)工程。 e to life 活躍起來；蘇醒過來 (1)e to(oneself) 蘇醒過來 e back to life 蘇醒過來；復(fù)活 e to 總共；總計(jì) e to power 上臺(tái)；執(zhí)政；掌權(quán) e to an end 結(jié)束 when it es to...當(dāng)談及…… (2)bring sth.(back)to life 使……生動(dòng)；使……恢復(fù)生機(jī) live/lead a．..life 過著……的生活 make a life 生活；享受生活 ①(教材原句)The amazing，uptodate information together with many opportunities of hands－on learning makes the world e to life in a pletely new way for visitors. 這些奇妙的、最新的信息以及大量動(dòng)手實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，讓世界以一種全新的方式展現(xiàn)在游人面前。 ②The bill came __to__ $5. 賬單金額總共是五美元。 ③When it __es__ (e) to literature，he __es__ (e) to life immediately，and his talent for literature has recently __e__ (e) to light. 當(dāng)談及文學(xué)，他立刻活躍起來，他的文學(xué)才能近來才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I must say that I have certainly e __to enjoy__ (enjoy) camping. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 It is known that some students cheat in exams.It has three reason.First of all，there are so many exams. Beside，the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy.The last reason is to please our parents and teachers.For some students，low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing. In my opinion，cheating in exams are wrong.We should take active attitude to our studies，and try to get a mark what is true as well as good. 【答案】　 It is known that some students cheat in exams.It has three .First of all，there are so many exams.，the exams given are in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because they are too lazy.The last reason is to please parents and teachers.For some students，low marks them great pressure and make them . In my opinion，cheating in exams wrong.We should take active attitude to our studies，and try to get a mark is true as well as good. 第一處：reason→reasons?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)three可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第二處：Beside改為Besides。考查副詞。besides作副詞講時(shí)是“除此之外”的意思，而beside為介詞，意為“在……旁邊”。根據(jù)the exams前的逗號(hào)可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞，故將Beside改為Besides。 第三處：difficulty→difficult?？疾樾稳菰~。此處應(yīng)用形容詞difficult作are的表語，表示“困難的”。 第四處：刪除of。考查連詞?！皌hey are too lazy”為一個(gè)完整的句子，其前應(yīng)該是一個(gè)連詞，故刪除介詞of。 第五處：our→their?？疾榇~。根據(jù)上文中的“they are too lazy”可知，此處應(yīng)該用their。 第六處：brought→bring。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。全文時(shí)態(tài)均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，本句是對(duì)客觀事實(shí)的陳述且根據(jù)and后的make可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 第七處：depressing→depressed。考查形容詞。此處depressed是分詞形容詞，作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語them指人。 第八處：are→is?？疾橹髦^一致。動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故用is。 第九處：active前加an?？疾楣谠~。attitude是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且在讀音以元音音素開頭的形容詞active之前，故用an。 第十處：what→that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞a mark。 Futuroscope is __not only__ for individuals，but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. “觀測(cè)未來”主題公園不僅適合個(gè)人，也適合學(xué)生全班出游，因?yàn)樗菉蕵放c學(xué)習(xí)的完美結(jié)合。 not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，連接并列成分。 (1)用于連接兩個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的成分，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，其意為“不僅……而且……”；其中的also有時(shí)可以省略。 ①(2016江蘇卷)People __not only__ cast on－line votes themselves，but also urge others to vote __for__ petitions like the“Most Beautiful Teacher”and the“Cutest Baby”． 人們不僅網(wǎng)上自我投票而且還要求別人參與投票選舉活動(dòng)像“最美教師”和“最乖寶寶”。 (2)若連接兩個(gè)句子，且not only位于句首時(shí)，not only后面的句子要用部分倒裝。 ②Not only __should__ we raise money for them but also we should help them rebuild their home. 我們不僅應(yīng)該為他們籌集資金，也應(yīng)該幫助他們重建家園。 (3)若連接的兩個(gè)成分作主語，其謂語通常與靠近的主語保持一致。 ③Not only you but also he __has__ (have) to leave. 不只是你，他也得離開。 【閱讀理解】 In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. Jean’s father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming munity in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳傘), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an "F" on it. The teacher told her it was a "fairy tale" and that none of the occupations she listed were women’s jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated. One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. "If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do?" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, "You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you don’t go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough." The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teacher’s desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of being a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. "Then do it!" she said. So Jean did. It didn’t happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasn’t in Jean’s nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way. She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副駕駛員). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines. 1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _________. A.it was mon for women to be airline pilots B. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the future C. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew up D. she was deeply hurt by her teacher’s ment on her dreams 2.What was Mrs Slaton’s reaction when she learned about Jean Harper’s dream? A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to. B. Offering Jean as much help as she could. C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream. D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties. 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream. B. Jean Harper’s great achievements in flying. C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot. D. Jean Harper’s determination to pursue her dream. 4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream? A. Her father’s influence on her. B. Mrs Slaton’s support. C. Her decision to stand up for herself. D.A teacher’s humiliation when she was in the third grade. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了Jean Harper如何在英語老師的鼓勵(lì)下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)一名飛行員的夢(mèng)想。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Jean was devastated and humiliated"和第四段中的"The hurt and fear of years of discouragement"可知答案為D。 3.B 【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要講述了Jean Harper在飛行方面的成就，所以答案為B。 4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到的Jean Harper的兩位老師，一位打擊她的夢(mèng)想，讓她幾乎對(duì)此喪失信心；另一位老師給她無限的信心，讓她相信自己，堅(jiān)持追尋夢(mèng)想，所以答案為B。