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Unit2 Cloning Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Everypetownerloveshispet.Thereisnoargumenthere. Butwhenweaskedourreaderswhethertheywouldclonetheirbelovedanimals,theresponsesweresplitalmostdownthemiddle.Ofthe228readerswhoansweredit,108wouldclone,111wouldnotandnineweighedeachsidewithoutofferinganopinion. Clearly,fromreaders??response,thisisanissuethatreachesdeeplyintoboththejoyandeventualsadnessofowningapet.Itspeaks,aswell,topeople??swidelydifferingexpectationsoverthedevelopingscientificprocedure. Mostoftherespondentswhofavouredtheideastronglybelieveditwouldproduceatleastaclosecopyoftheoriginal;manyfelttheprocesswouldactuallyreturnanexactcopy.Thoseontheotherside,however,heldlittlehopethataclonecouldnevertrulyrecreateapet,andmanysimplydidn??twishtogoagainstthenaturallawoflifeanddeath. Bothsidesexpressedequallovefortheiranimals.Morethanafewrespondentsowned “thedog/catintheworld”.Theythoughtoftheirpetsastheir “bestfriend”, “amemberofthefamily”, “thelightofmylife”.Theytoldmovingstoriesofpets??heroism,intelligenceandselflessdevotion. Littlewonderedthelossissodisturbing,andthecloningissoattractive. “Peoplebecomeveryclosetotheiranimals,andthelosscanbejustashardtobearaswhenafriendorfamilymemberdies,” saysGaryKowalski,authorofGoodbye,Friend:healingwisdomforanyonewhohaseverlostapet. “Forme,cloningfeelslikeanattempttoturndeathaway…It??sunderstandable.Deathisalwayspainful.It??sdifficulttodealwith.It??shardtoaccept.” Butwouldcloningreducetheblow?Thisquestionseemedtobeattheheartofthisproblem. 1.Sofarasthecloningofpetsisconcerned,arecentsurveyshowsthat,ofallpetowners,　　　　. A.alotmoreofthemareforit B.alotmoreofthemareagainstit C.veryfewofthemarewillingtotelltheiropinions D.abouthalfofthemareforitandtheotherhalfagainstit 2.Whiletalkingabouttheresponsesfromthereaders,theexpression “eventualsadnessofowningapet” refersto　　　　. A.thetroublesonehastodealwithinkeepingapet B.thehighcostofowningapet C.thedeathofone??spet D.thedangersinvolvedinthecloningofapet 3.FromwhatGaryKowalskisays,wecanknowthathe　　　　. A.hasneverthoughtabouttheproblemofcloning B.isinfavouroftheideaofcloningpets C.isgoingtowriteanotherbookonpets D.isallagainstthecloningofpets 4.Whatisthekeyquestionattheheartoftheproblemofcloningpets? A.Cancloningmakethepainonesufferslesswhenapetdies? B.Canpetownersaffordthecostofcloning? C.Doescloninggoagainstthelawofnature? D.Howreliablydoescloningproduceanexactcopyofone??spet? B Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates(靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi))tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo(胚胎)splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus(原子核)withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer(SCNT),cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA. Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn??tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeyswerebornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers??pouringwaterontheideathattheteam??sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt.Itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless. Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,thuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughasanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease. 5.WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT? A.Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates. B.ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNA. C.Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells. D.Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes. 6.Whatdoestheauthormeanby “pouringwaterontheidea” inParagraph2? A.Keepingahottopicofit. B.Havingalowopinionofit. C.Attachingnoimportancetoit. D.Addingsupportiveevidencetoit. 7.Whatisthescientists??purposetoclonethesemonkeys? A.Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases. B.Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation. C.Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning. D.Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels. 8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage? A.Newtechniquesseemtobepointless. B.Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway. C.Societywon??tagreetocloneanothermonkey. D.Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh. Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Theworld-knownSilkRoadacrosstheEurasianContinentisafriendshipbridge1.　　　　(link)theEuropeanandAsianpeople.Itisoneofthemostimportantthemetouristroutesintheworldandthemost2.　　　　(value)touristproductsinChina.FromthetimeZhangQian3.　　　　(open)uptheworld-famousSilkRoadduringtheHanDynasty,untilthecollapseoftheYuanDynasty,itenjoyed4.　　　　historyofabout1,600years. SilkRoadwith5.　　　　(it)2,000years??historyhaswitnessedthehistoricalchangesandtheprogressofcultural6.　　　　(exchange)betweenChinaandtheWesterncountries.ThesectioninChina,manyethniccultures7.　　　　(include),isalsoasajadebelt.ThepeopleoftheseethnicgroupssuchasMongolians,Huis,Uygurs,Hazakshavemaintainedtheiruniquetraditionsandcultures,livinghabitsandreligiousbeliefs,8.　　　　formthesouloftheSilkRoadandattractmanytouriststovisit.Infact,9.　　　　theSilkRoadinthenorth-westofChina,thereareanothertwotraderoadsinthesouth-westofChinaandbysea,whichalsocontribute10.　　　　(great)tothedevelopmentoftheworld.Theyarecalledthe “SouthernSilkRoad” andthe “SilkRoadontheSea”. Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) DearJoy, Howareyoudoing?Hereisanexcitingnewsforyou.Therewillbeaninventioncompetitioninourschoolinthe20thofOctober.However,thereisaruletheparticipantsshallbeinagroup.ButI??dliketoinviteyoutobemypartners. Iknowthatyouhavebeenlongedtodesignatinycoolerthatpeoplecanweararoundthewrist.Ithinkitwillbeawonderfullyideaforthecompetition.Wecanmakeasmallairconditionertocontrollingthetemperatureofthewearer. Howdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?Lookingforwardtoyoureply. Yours, ZhangXin 課時(shí)作業(yè)(三十七) Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文一篇議論文。文章主要討論了是否要克隆已逝的心愛(ài)的寵物的話(huà)題。 1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Ofthe228readerswhoansweredit,108wouldclone,111wouldnotandnineweighedeachsidewithoutofferinganopinion.”可知,對(duì)于克隆寵物的問(wèn)題,研究表明,寵物擁有者中,反對(duì)者和贊成者大概各占一半,故選D。 2.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)第三段和全文的整體理解可推知,這種終級(jí)痛苦是指心愛(ài)的寵物的死亡,故選C。 3.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“‘Forme,cloningfeelslikeanattempttoturndeathaway…It??sunderstandable.Deathisalwayspainful.It??sdifficulttodealwith.It??shardtoaccept.’”可推知,GaryKowalski是支持克隆寵物的,故選B。 4.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Butwouldcloningreducetheblow?”可知,問(wèn)題的核心是克隆寵物這種做法是否會(huì)讓失去寵物的人減少一些痛苦,故選A。blow打擊。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。被稱(chēng)作SCNT的高科技有助于編輯DNA。本文中科學(xué)家們克隆這些猴子的目的是幫助研究人類(lèi)疾病。 5.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer(SCNT),cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.”可知,SCNT有助于編輯DNA。故選B項(xiàng)。 6.B　句意理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeyswerebornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers??pouringwaterontheideathattheteam??sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.”可知在第二段中pouringwaterontheidea的意思是“對(duì)它的評(píng)價(jià)很低”。故選B項(xiàng)。 7.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.”可知,科學(xué)家們克隆這些猴子的目的是幫助研究人類(lèi)疾病。故選A項(xiàng)。 8.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后三句“Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt.Itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.”和最后一段最后一句“Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughasanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.”可知,克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故選D項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界著名的絲綢之路的歷史和它的重要作用。文章還提到了另外兩條極大地促進(jìn)了世界發(fā)展的貿(mào)易之路:南方絲綢之路和海上絲綢之路。 1.linking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾bridge,由于bridge與link之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填現(xiàn)在分詞linking。 2.valuable　考查形容詞。修飾名詞用形容詞形式。value是動(dòng)詞,其形容詞形式為valuable。 3.opened　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)duringtheHanDynasty可知,句子使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),且主語(yǔ)ZhangQian與謂語(yǔ)open之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填opened。 4.a　考查冠詞。句意:它享有大約1600多年的歷史。ahistoryof表示“……的歷史”。 5.its　考查代詞。句意:擁有2000多年歷史的絲綢之路見(jiàn)證了歷史的變遷和中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家文化交流的進(jìn)步。此處指“絲綢之路的歷史”,作定語(yǔ),故用形容詞性物主代詞its。 6.exchanges　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。exchange是可數(shù)名詞,此處指中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家之間的文化交流,故用復(fù)數(shù)名詞exchanges。 7.included　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾manyethniccultures,邏輯主語(yǔ)cultures與include之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞included。 8.which　考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。此句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少主語(yǔ),先行詞theiruniquetraditionsandcultures,livinghabitsandreligiousbeliefs指物,故用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 9.besides　考查介詞。句意:實(shí)際上,除了中國(guó)西北的絲綢之路,在中國(guó)的西南有另外兩條貿(mào)易路線(xiàn)……。besides表示“除……之外(還有……)”,符合語(yǔ)境。 10.greatly　考查副詞。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞contribute用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。great是形容詞,其副詞形式是greatly。 Ⅲ.DearJoy, Howareyoudoing?Hereisanexcitingnewsforyou.Therewillbeaninventioncompetitioninourschoolinthe on 20thofOctober.However,thereisarule∧thattheparticipantsshallbeinagroup.ButI??dliketoinviteyoutobemy So partners. partner Iknowthatyouhavebeenlongedtodesignatinycoolerthatpeoplecanweararoundthewrist.Ithinkitwillbea longing wonderfullyideaforthecompetition.Wecanmakeasmallairconditionertocontrollingthetemperatureofthewearer. wonderfulcontrol Howdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?Lookingforwardtoyoureply. Whatyour Yours, ZhangXin