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1、 精品資料 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero Period 3　Grammar(the Attributive Clause (Ⅱ) 整體設(shè)計 從容說課 This is the third teaching period of this unit. To test whether the students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the t

2、eacher should first offer them some revision exercises. The pattern “ only then did we decide to answer violence with violence”is a bit important, so special exercises should be designed. This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar:the Attributive Clause introduced by the relative adverb and

3、 preposition+which/whom. Firstly, the teacher can ask the students to read the text Elias’ Story, tick out the attributive clauses in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese. Secondly, compare and discover the usages of the Attributive Clause, especially the usages of Relative Adverbs (w

4、hen, where, why)and preposition+which/whom by giving a lot of example sentences. Thirdly, do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 37 and more exercises for students to master the Attributive Clause introduced by the relative adverb and preposition+which/whom. Finally, summarize the

5、 Attributive Clause. At the end of the class, ask the students to do the exercises in Using structures on Page 71 and additional exercises for consolidation. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn) Get the students to master the Attributive Clause introduced by the Relative Adverb and preposition+which/whom. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn) Enable the stud

6、ents learn how to choose relative adverbs and how to use preposition+which/whom correctly. 教學(xué)方法 1. Task-based teaching and learning 2. Cooperative learning and practice 教具準(zhǔn)備 A projector and other normal teaching tools 三維目標(biāo) Knowledge aims: 1. Get the students to learn the Attributive Clause i

7、ntroduced by the Relative Adverb and preposition+which/whom. 2. Let the students learn usages of relative adverbs and preposition+which/whom. Ability aims: 1. Enable the students to use attributive clauses correctly and properly. 2. Enable the students to know how to choose proper relative adver

8、bs for attributive clauses. 3. Enable the students to know how to choose proper prepositions. Emotional aims: 1. Get the students to become interested in grammar learning. 2. Develop the students’ sense of group cooperation. 教學(xué)過程 設(shè)計方案（一） →Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2.

9、Dictate some new words and expressions. 3. Translate the sentences: 1)只有這樣，我們才能把工作做好。 2)只有遇到她時，我才會認(rèn)出她。 Suggested answers: 1)Only in this way, can we do our work well. 2)Only when I meet her, will I recognize her. →Step 2 Grammar review Review relative pronouns:which, that, who, whose. Fill

10、in the blanks with proper relative pronouns. 1. Is he the man______________ wants to see you? 2. He is the man______________ I saw yesterday. 3. They rushed over to help the man______________　car had broken down. 4. The package______________ you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. Suggeste

11、d answers: 1. who/that　2. (whom/that)　3. whose 　4. (which/that) →Step 3 Grammar learning 1. Reading, finding and thinking Turn to Page 34 and read the text Elias’ Story. Tick out the attributive clauses introduced by relative adverbs or prep. +which/whom in the reading passage and translate them

12、 into Chinese. Suggested answers: 1)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次見到納爾遜·曼德拉的時候是在我一生中非常艱難的時期。 2)The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away. 我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學(xué)校，有三千米遠(yuǎn)。 3)This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to

13、live in Johannesburg. 那個時候你要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不可。 4)The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life. 那天，納爾遜·曼德拉告訴我該怎么做，而且還幫我的忙，這是我一生中最高興的日子。 5)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until toda

14、y we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。 6)The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people. 他們在城里的住宅區(qū)都是由白人決定的。 7)The places where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa. 他們被

15、打發(fā)去居住的地方是南非最貧窮的地方。 8). . . we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我們被置于這樣一個境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么我們跟政府作斗爭。 Think over this question:On what circumstance do we use relative adverbs such as when, where, why, and so on to introduce a

16、ttributive clauses? 2. Comparing and discovering Turn to Page 37. Do Ex. 2. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use different relatives to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same. The government building where we voted was very grand. The governm

17、ent building which/that we voted in was very grand. The government building in which we voted was very grand. Note:In Sentence 1, a relative adverb “where” is used because it refers to “in the government building” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “in which” can also be used

18、 as the adverbial in Sentence 3 because it also means “in the government building” in the attributive clause. While in Sentence 2, a relative pronoun “which” is used as it refers to “the government building” which serves as the object of the preposition “in” in the attributive clause. Compare anoth

19、er three sentences: The date when I arrived was the 5th August. The date which/that he told me was the 5th August. The date on which I arrived was the 5th August. Note:In Sentence 1, a relative adverb “when” is used because it refers to “on that date” which serves as the adverbial in the attribu

20、tive clause. “on which” can also be used as the adverbial in Sentence 3 because it also means “on that date” in the attributive clause. While in Sentence 2, a relative pronoun “which/that” is used as it refers to “the date” serving as the object of the predicate “told” in the attributive clause. Co

21、mpare another three sentences and discuss in pairs. Is this the reason which he was late for? Is this the reason for which he was late? Is this the reason why he was late? 3. Conclusion 關(guān)系代詞which/whom前介詞的選擇由先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或后半句動詞的搭配而決定。 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why代替的先行詞分別是時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，并且在定語從句中作狀語，多數(shù)情況下相當(dāng)于“介詞+

22、which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 →Step 4 Grammar Practice Show the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers. 1. Fill in the blanks with proper relative adverbs and preposition+which/whom. 1)The speed______________ light travels is 300 000 km per second. 2)This is the teacher______________ I borrow the book

23、. 3)Don’t bring the children to see the animals______________ they are afraid. 4)The person______________ you should be grateful for a peaceful South Africa is Nelson Mandela. 5)Harvard is a world-famous university______________ Wang An got his doctor’s degree. 6)Wang An spent 3 years in Harvard

24、 University______________ he studied applied physics. 7)In 1951 Dr Wang founded his own company______________ computers were made. 8)He became a very successful entrepreneur in the US in 1985,______________ he made $3 billion. 9)This is Dr Wang______________ the computer belonged. 10)Robben Isla

25、nd is the place______________ Mr. Mandela once was kept. 2. Complete these sentences using an attributive clause with when, where or why. 1)That was the reason_______________ (我必須去醫(yī)院)and I could not go on my holiday to Britain. 2)Mary Brown moved to a place (她靠近大海), so she could go swimming every

26、 day. 3)This was the time (莊稼連續(xù)三年歉收), and everyone was cold and hungry. 4)It was the year (沒有電)and everybody had to cook their dinner by candlelight. 5)I went back to the town (我出生的), so I could see the house where I used to live. 6)He will never forget the park (他第一次見他妻子). First get the studen

27、ts to do the exercises. Then the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary. Suggested answers: 1. 1)at which　2)from whom　3)of which　4)to whom　5)where/from which　6)where/in which　7)where/in which　8)when/in which　9)to whom　10)where/in which 2. 1)why I had to go hos

28、pital 2)where she was close to the sea 3)when the harvest failed three years in a row 4)when the electricity failed 5)where I was born 6)where he first met his wife →Step 5 Grammar summary Attributive clause:An attributive clause is a clause modifying a noun or pronoun in a compound sentence.

29、 Antecedent:The word modified by an attributive clause is called the antecedent. Relative:The word that is used to introduce an attributive clause is called a relative. There are two kinds of relatives, i. e. relative pronouns (including which, that, who, whom, whose, as)and relative adverbs (incl

30、uding where, when, why, etc. ). Note:Relatives plays three important roles in an attributive clause, i. e. introducing an attributive clause, replacing the antecedent in meaning, and functioning as a sentence element in the attributive clause. e. g. The girl who is talking to Mr. Li over there is

31、my sister. In the sentence, “The girl” is the antecedent and “who” is used to introduce the attributive clause as the antecedent is a person. It refers to the girl and functions as the subject in the attributive clause. The choice of the relatives is the most difficult in learning the attributive

32、clause. However, there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives. Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart: Antecedents Relatives Sentence eleme

33、nts people who/that subject/object whom object things which/that subject/object time which/that subject/object when/prep. +which adverbial place which/that subject/object where/prep. +which adverbial reason why/prep. +which adverbial Note:Relatives can be omitted if they serve

34、as the objects in the attributive clauses. If a relative functions as the object of a preposition in the attributive clause, the preposition can usually be placed before the relative. In this situation, we use “which” for things and “whom” for people, and they can never be omitted. However, if the

35、preposition and a verb form a set phrase in the attributive clause, they should not be separated: The school (which/that)he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the girl (who/whom)I went to the Great Wall with. This is the girl with whom I w

36、ent to the Great Wall. The sentence “This is the watch (which/that )you are looking for. ” can not be changed into “This is the watch for which you are looking. ” because “l(fā)ook for” is a set phrase. →Step 6 Workbook Do the exercises in Using structures on Page 71. →Step 7 Consolidation Show the

37、 exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers. 1. We shall never forget the days______________ we worked together. A. that B. in which C. on which D. which 2. The pencil, with______________ I had been writing, was broken. A. which B. that C. as D. it 3. I still remember the year

38、______________ we spent together. A. ∕ B. when C. on which D. in which 4. The reason______________ he didn’t pass the exam was that he didn’t study hard. A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which 5. The days are gone forever______________ we used foreign oil. A. when . that C. which

39、 D. at which 6. The school______________ my sister studies at is far from here. A. where B. that C. at which D. in which 7. My hometown is no longer the place______________ it used to be. A. that B. what C. where D. as 8. He was the only one of the boys who______________ late for school.

40、 A. are B. were C. is D. was 9. She was one of the girls who______________ late for class. A. are B. were C. is D. was 10. He is the guest______________ the manager first introduced. A. whose B. to whom C. who D. of whom 11. He made a hole in the wall______________ he could get into t

41、he house. A. in which B. which C. through which D. by which 12. Is this the house______________ you have bought yourself? A. one B. the one C. where D. that 13. The film brought the hours back to me______________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. wh

42、en D. where 14. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town______________ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 15. I can still remember the sitting room______________ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. of which B. which C. that D. wh

43、ere First get the students to do the exercises. Then the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary. Suggested answers: 1~5 BAACA　6~10 BADBB　11~15 CDCBD →Step 8 Homework 1. Finish off the workbook exercises. 2. Learn the important grammar points by heart. 設(shè)計方案（二

44、） →Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Dictate some new words and expressions. 3. Translate the sentences: 1)只有這樣，我們才能把工作做好。 2)只有遇到她時，我才會認(rèn)出她。 →Step 2 Grammar review Review relative pronouns:which, that, who, whose. →Step 3 Grammar learning 1. Reading, finding and thinking

45、Turn to Page 34 and read the text Elias’ Story. Tick out the attributive clauses introduced by relative adverbs or prep. +which/whom in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese. Think over this question:On what circumstance do we use relative adverbs such as when, where, why, and so on t

46、o introduce attributive clauses? 2. Comparing and discovering Turn to Page 37. Do Exercise 2. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use different relatives to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same. The government building where we voted was very g

47、rand. The government building which/that we voted in was very grand. The government building in which we voted was very grand. 3. Conclusion 關(guān)系代詞which/whom前介詞的選擇由先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或后半句動詞的搭配而決定。 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why代替的先行詞分別是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，并且在定語從句中作狀語，多數(shù)情況下相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 →Step 4 Grammar Practice Show

48、the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers. Ask the students to do the exercises. Several minutes later, the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary. →Step 5 Grammar summary 1. The choice of the relatives Usually, which relative to choose depends on

49、what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions as in the attributive clause. 2. Relatives can be omitted if they serve as the objects in the attributive clauses. 3. If a relative functions as the object of a preposition in the attributive clause, the preposition can usuall

50、y be placed before the relative. However, if the preposition and a verb form a set phrase in the attributive clause, they should not be separated. →Step 6 Workbook Do the exercises in Using structures on Page 71. →Step 7 Consolidation Give the students some additional exercises for consolidation

51、. →Step 8 Homework 1. Finish off the workbook exercises. 2. Learn the important grammar points by heart 板書設(shè)計 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero The Attributive Clause Antecedents Relatives Sentence elements people who/that subject/object whom object things which/that subject/object

52、 time which/that subject/object when/prep. +which adverbial place which/that subject/object where/prep. +which adverbial reason why/prep. +which adverbial 活動與探究 This activity is designed to make a deep research into the Attributive Clause. The students are asked to design some exercises about the Attributive Clause. And then they exchange exercises each other and check themselves. The purpose of this activity is to help students make sense of the usage of the Attributive Clause.