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Unit4 Wildlife protection Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Onacollegecampingtrip,curiosityaboutwavesandsandcausedRobThielertostudyshorelinesaroundtheworld.ThirtyyearslaterandnowaUSGeologicalSurveyresearchgeologist,Thieler,iscombiningscienceandsmartphonetechnologytohelpstudyanendangeredbird,theAtlanticcoastpipingplover. Thepipingploverisashorebirdthatbreeds(繁殖)alongtheAtlanticcoast,theGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains.Risingsealevelassociatedwithclimatechange,aswellasincreaseddevelopmentintheirbeachhabitats(棲息地),threatensthespecies(物種).Tohelptrackchangesinpipingploverhabitats,ThielerdevelopedafreeappcallediPloverin2012.Thisisamarkedchangefromthetypicalwayscientistscollectdata,whichinvolvesgatheringinformationusingspecializedequipmentorwritinginnotebooksandthenputtingintospreadsheets. SincereleasingiPlover,scientistshavegathereddataacross1500kmofbreedingrange.ThatequalsaboutathirdofthedistanceacrosstheUS,whichisalargeareatocoverforonlytwothousandbreedingpairsofpipingploversontheEastCoast.Insteadofhavingtotravelandspenddaysateachsite,anumberofcooperatorsinthefieldusetheapptocollectandsenddata,allowingscientiststogatherdatamoreefficiently.Italsoallowsthemtocollectdataatthesametimeduringeachbreedingseason,providingabetterpictureofchangesthathappenoverlongerperiodsoftime.Andfast,centralizedaccessmeansscientistscanlookatdataquicklytogetareal-timeideaofwhereandhowpipingploversareusingtheirhabitats. WhileiPloverisusedbytrainedfieldstaff,otherappsliketheUSGeologicalSurvey??sWeb-based “iCoast—DidtheCoastChange?” invitecitizenscientiststoidentifycoastalchangesbycomparingbird??s-eye-viewphotographstakenbeforeandafterstorms.Alltheinformationscientistsandcitizenscientistsalikecollecthelpsfederalandstateagenciescreatepolicyplansforaddressingclimatechangeimpacts(影響)worldwide. 1.Whatcanweknowaboutthepipingplover? A.Itsbehaviourischanging. B.Itshabitatisgrowingbigger. C.Itslivingenvironmentisbecomingworse. D.ItsbreedingislimitedtotheAtlanticcoast. 2.WhydidThielerdevelopiPlover? A.TostudyshorelinesacrossAmerica. B.Toadvanceinformationtechnology. C.Tofindoutglobalclimatechange. D.Tomonitorchangesofpipingploverhabitats. 3.Whichofthefollowingbenefitstheshorebirds? A.Thecampingequipment. B.Researchonsmartphones. C.Thechangeablecoast. D.Progressintechnology. 4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext? A.Protectingendangeredshorebirds B.RobThieler,acreativescientist C.iPlover,toolfortrainingfieldstaff D.DifferencesbetweeniPloverandiCoast B FikiriKiponda??spathfromaccountanttomarine(海洋的)conservationistwassparkedbyachanceencounter.Aftersecuringhisdreamjob,Kipondadecidedhewantedmore.Hewasn??tquitesurewhathewaslookingforuntilheranacrosssometurtlehatchlings. Hedidn??tknowitwasturtle.Fortunatelyenoughhegottherightpersontoaskandhegotmotivated.ThatpersonwasNkindi,astaffmemberattheWatamuConservationProjectwholaterinvitedhimtovolunteerontheproject.Helaterlefthisaccountingjobandfullydevotedhimselftotheworldofseaturtles.Now,herunsandspendshistimenursingcriticallyendangeredseaturtlesbacktohealth. Seaturtleshavebeenaroundfornearly110millionyearsandarenowconsideredhighlyendangered.TheirpreservationrestsonactivitiesofconservationistssuchasKipondaastheseturtlesfacenumerousthreatsandsignsoftheirextinctioninthenext50years. Localfishermentraditionallycatchthemtosupplementtheirownlowcatchratesandsellthemfortheiroil.Aschangesaremadetoaccommodatemorehotelsfortourists,thereislessavailablebeachlandforturtlenesting. Kiponda??spassionhasnowspreadtohiscommunity,changingtheirattitudetowardssealifepreservationwithhis “bycatchreleaseprogramme”. Throughthisprogramme,fishermenarenowpaidforreturningturtlesaccidentallycaughtintheirfishingnets.Thehealthyonesaretaggedandreleasedintothemarineparkwhilehetakescareofsickandinjuredturtlesbacktohealth. Beforethelaunchofpioneeringspiritlikethis,turtlescaughtbyfishermenwereusedfortheirmeatandtheiroilextracted(提煉)fortheirmedicinalproperties. “Releasingtheturtlebackintotheoceanisaverygoodfeeling,like,youfeellikeyou??vedonesomethingconcreteandIguesseverybodywouldlovetodothat…soIguessit??suniquework.” 5.WhatwasFikiriKiponda??sdreamjobaccordingtothetext? A.Anaccountant. B.Amarineconservationist. C.AguidetotheWatamuConservationProject. D.Anadvocateforturtles. 6.Whatmaybethemainthreattotheturtles? A.Therisingsealevel. B.Beingcaughtbytourists. C.Overdevelopmentinthetourism. D.Thereductionintheirnestingplace. 7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeFikiriKiponda? A.Energeticbutconservative. B.Enthusiasticandcaring. C.Arbitrarybutconsiderate. D.Ambitiousandknowledgeable. 8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A.Themansavingendangeredseaturtles B.Anuniquejobofprotectingseaturtles C.Apioneeringprojectprotectingseaanimals D.Thecurrentsituationfacedbyseaturtles Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Throughouthistory,peoplehavethoughtoftheoceanasadiverseandlimitlesssourceoffood.Yettodaythereisclearevidencethattheoceanshavealimit.Mostofthebigfishinouroceansarenow1.　　　　(go).Onemajorcauseisoverfishing.Peoplearetakingsomanyfishfromtheseathatmanyspeciescannotreplace2.　　　　(they). Forcenturies,localfishermencaughtonlyenoughfishfortheirownandtheircommunity??sneeds.However,fromtheearly20thcentury,peoplearoundtheworldbecameinterested3.　　　　consumingprotein-richfoods.Peoplebegan4.　　　　(catch)largequantitiesoffishforprofitandsellingthemtoworldwidemarkets.Inaveryshortperiodoftime,commercialfishing5.　　　　(great)reducedthenumberoflargepredatoryfish,suchascodandtuna. Today,therearestillplentyoffishinthesea,6.　　　　they??remostlyjustthelittleones.Smallfish,7.　　　　includesardinesandanchovies,havemorethandoubledinnumber—largelybecausetherearenotenoughbigfish8.　　　　(eat)them. Suchlargefish9.　　　　(be)necessary,becausetheyhuntandkillthesickandweaksmallerfish.Withoutthisweedingout,orthesurvivalofthefittest,ecosystemsbecomelessstable.Asaresult,fisharelessabletosurvive10.　　　　(difficult)suchaspollution,environmentalchange,orchangesinthefoodsupply. Ⅲ.短文改錯 Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavourite,thatmakesmefree,excitedandenergy.Whensummervacationcameeveryyear,wecandoallthatwecan??tdoduringourschooltime,goshoppingwithfriends,swimminginwarmwaterandevenhikingandcampinginthedeepvalleys.Theseactivitiesleadmetoenjoyfullfree.Wecanfindusinanexcitingworldeveryday,withthesunshiningbright,treesgrowingbetterandflowerscomingoutofwithallkindsofcolours.SummermakesmefullofenergyandwefeelIhavethestrengthtodomostdifficultthingsinmylife.Ilikesummerbetter,andwhataboutyou? 課時作業(yè)(九) Ⅰ. A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了美國地質(zhì)學(xué)家Thieler研制出一款應(yīng)用程序以檢測笛鸻棲息地的變化,從而幫助保護這種瀕危動物。 1.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知,與氣候變化有關(guān)的海平面上升和在它們的海灘棲息地進行的過度開發(fā)威脅到了這種物種。由此可推知,笛鸻的生存環(huán)境日益糟糕,故選C。 2.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知,Thieler研制iPlover旨在檢測笛鸻棲息地的變化,故選D。 3.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第三段的整體理解可知,這個免費的應(yīng)用程序發(fā)行后,科學(xué)家們的檢測范圍更廣,并能更有效地收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),這些對于采取措施保護笛鸻是很有好處的。由此可推知,技術(shù)的進步會使笛鸻受益,故選D。 4.A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)對文章的整體理解可知,本文主要講的是技術(shù)的進步給保護瀕危動物帶來的好處,故選A。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了Fikiri Kiponda從一名會計到一位投身于拯救瀕臨滅絕的海龜?shù)暮Ｑ笞匀毁Y源保護者的故事。 5.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段前兩句可知,Fikiri Kiponda起初的夢想是成為一名會計,并實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。但一次偶然的機會讓他又成為一名海洋自然資源保護者。故選A。 6.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知,為了容納更多的游客,酒店越來越多,海龜筑巢的灘涂越來越少,故推斷這是對海龜?shù)闹饕{。故選D。 7.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容可知,他離開會計工作并全身心地投入到海龜?shù)氖澜?從而推斷出他是一位具有工作熱情并富有同情心的人。故選B。 8.A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)對全文的理解可知,本文主要講述了Fikiri Kiponda從一名會計到一位投身于拯救瀕臨滅絕的海龜?shù)暮Ｑ笞匀毁Y源保護者的故事,故選A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要對海洋資源枯竭的原因進行了分析。 1.gone　考查非謂語動詞。gone在此處是過去分詞作形容詞,意為“不見,消失”,在語境中作表語,和句子謂語are之間沒有連詞。注意:此處非被動的含義。 2.themselves　考查代詞。與句子主語many species呼應(yīng)可知,此處用反身代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“自我替換,自我循環(huán)”的含義。 3.in　考查介詞。be/become interested in意為“對……感興趣”,符合語境,故用介詞in。 4.catching　考查非謂語動詞。固定詞組搭配begin doing sth意為“開始做某事”,動名詞作賓語,與語境中selling呼應(yīng)。 5.greatly　考查副詞。修飾動詞的詞一般為副詞,故用副詞greatly修飾動詞reduce,在句子中作狀語。 6.but　考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知,上下句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用連詞but。 7.which　考查定語從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞small fish。 8.to eat　考查非謂語動詞。enough…to do sth意為“足夠……以至于可以做某事”,不定式作狀語。 9.are　考查主謂一致。與語境中they呼應(yīng)可知,此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)are的形式。 10.difficulties　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境所列舉的各種困難可知,此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,即difficulties。 Ⅲ.Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite, that makes me free, excited and energy. ┬which ┬energetic When summer vacation came every year, we can do all that we can??t do during our school time, go shopping ┬comes ┬g(shù)oing with friends, swimming in warm water and even hiking and camping in the deep valleys. These activities lead me to enjoy full free. We can find us in an exciting world every day, with the sun shining bright, trees growing ┬freedom ┬brightly better and flowers coming out of with all kinds of colours. Summer makes me full of energy and we feel I have the ┬I strength to do ∧┬the most difficult things in my life. I like summer better, and what about you? ┬best