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Unit2 English around the world Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A AsanAsiancountry,Singaporehasareputationforbeinghighlywesternized,withEnglishamongthecountry??sfourofficiallanguages,butacoupleofsignsfoundonlocalbusesthathaverecentlybecomeahitonlinemaysayotherwise. QuitedifferentfromEnglishweknow,thesignread,forexample, “Herecannotgoin” insteadof “Noentry”,and “Herecanchargephone” insteadof “Chargephonehere”.ThislanguagethatresemblesEnglishiscalledSingaporeanEnglishorSinglish. TheNewYorkTimescallsSinglish “patchwork” becauseSingaporeconsistsofmigrants(移民)fromseveralcountriesincludingChina,IndiaandMalaysia,andtheyallspeaktheirownversionsof “English”. “Everyonewhospeaksitshapesit,” wrotethenewspaper. Forexample,inSinglish,youcaneasilyrecognizeinfluencesfromChinese,includingvocabularysuchas “meesiam” and “dabao”.Sentencestructureslike “toiletwhere” insteadof “where??sthetoilet” alsocomefromChinese. Interestinganddiverseasitmayseem,thetrendforSinglishisworryingSingapore??sgovernment.Itisconcernedthatthedialectisloweringthecountry??sEnglishstandardandmayaffectitsrelationshipwithvisitors.ItevenstartedtheSpeakGoodEnglishMovement. Unfortunately,theproblemisnotsolved.Instead,Singlishhasboomed,especiallyamongyoungpeoplewhothinkofitasasignofbeingcoolandawayofidentifyingthemselvesasaSingaporean. ButthisdoesnotmeanthatstandardEnglishisbeingabandonedbyyoungpeople.Infact,theyaremuchmorecapablethanthegovernmentgivescredit—theycanspeakboth. “Weareanationgoodatcodeswitching—weknowthatthewaywespeaktofriendsordriversmustbedifferentfromhowweactatworkorschool,” wroteCheryl,aSingaporeanauthor,inTimemagazine. “Toactivelyurgeustogiveupalanguagethatspeakstotheveryheartofwhoweare,whichsobeautifullyrepresentsthemeltingpotoftheChinese,Indians,MalaysiansandEurasiansthatweare,isshort-sighted,surely.” 1.WhydoesSingaporehavemanydifferentversionsofEnglish? A.Itismadeupofmigrants. B.Itishighlywesternized. C.ItisinfluencedbyChinese. D.Itisaffectedbyofficiallanguages. 2.WhatisthepurposeofstartingtheSpeakGoodEnglishMovement? A.Tostopthenewtrend. B.Tobettertherelationship. C.TopromotethestandardEnglish. D.Togivethegovernmentcredit. 3.WhatdotheyoungpeoplethinkofSinglish? A.It??sinteresting. B.It??stheiridentity. C.It??sasignofstatus. D.It??sawayofcodeswitching. 4.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatCherylsaid? A.DifferentpeoplespeakdifferentstylesofSinglish. B.Singlishisamorebeautifullanguagethanothers. C.PeoplespeakSinglishonlytofriendsanddrivers. D.PeoplecanuseSinglishtoexpressthemselveswell. B Itwasjustonewordinonee-mail,butitcausedhugefinanciallossesforamultinationalcompany.Themessage,writteninEnglish,wassentbyanativespeakertoacolleagueforwhomEnglishwasasecondlanguage.Unsureoftheword,thereceiverfoundtwocontradictorymeaningsinhisdictionary.Heactedonthewrongone.Monthslater,seniormanagementinvestigatedwhytheprojecthadfailed,costinghundredsofthousandsofdollars. Whensuchmisunderstandingshappen,it??susuallythenativespeakerswhoaretoblame.Ironically,theyareworseatdeliveringtheirmessagethanpeoplewhospeakEnglishasasecondorthirdlanguage. AlotofnativespeakersarehappythatEnglishhasbecometheworld??sgloballanguage.Theydon??tfeeltheneedtoaccommodateoradapttoothers.Theyoftentalktoofastforotherstofollowandusejokes,slang,shortformsandreferencesspecifictotheirownculture. “ThefirsttimeIworkedinaninternationalinstitution,somebodysaid ‘ETA16:53’ andIthought ‘WhatthehellisETA?’” saysMichaelBlatter,anexecutiveinaninternationalcompany. Andthenthere??sculturalstyle.WhenaBritishreactstoaproposalbysaying “that??sinteresting”,afellowBritishmightrecognizethisas “that??srubbish”.Butothernationalitieswouldtaketheword “interesting” atfacevalue. Also,lotsoftheinformationisnotfullyunderstoodbecauseofthecomplexlanguagenativespeakersuse.Toomanynon-nativespeakers,especiallytheAsiansandtheFrench,aretooconcernedaboutnot “l(fā)osingface” andnodapprovinglywhilenotgettingthemessageatall,becauseofwhich,thenativespeakerscontinuedeliveringinformationthatmakeslittlesensetothem.Theinformationgapisunnoticedandkeepswidening. Nativespeakersshouldcommunicateefficientlywithsimplelanguage.WhentryingtocommunicateinEnglishwithagroupofpeoplewithdifferentlevelsoffluency,it??simportantfornativespeakerstomakethesamepointinacoupleofdifferentwaysandaskforsomeacknowledgement,reactionandaction,toknowwhetherthey??vebeenunderstoodornot. 5.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageiswrittento　　　　. A.tellreadersaninterestingstory B.introducethetopicofthepassage C.statetheimportanceofEnglish D.showanexampleofcommunication 6.WhatcanwelearnaboutMichael? A.HethinksBritishpeopletalktoofast. B.Hefeelsnoneedtoadapttoothers. C.He??snotanativeEnglishspeaker. D.HefindsBritishculturehardtounderstand. 7.WhatmightcausetheAsiansandtheFrenchto “l(fā)oseface” accordingtothepassage? A.Beingunabletousecomplexlanguage. B.Beingnon-nativeEnglishspeakers. C.Failingtounderstandnativespeakers. D.Noddingapprovinglywhilelistening. 8.Nativespeakersareadvisedtoaskforlisteners??acknowledgementinorderto　　　　. A.talktoagroupofpeopleatthesametime B.learnaboutlisteners??levelsoffluency C.getsuggestionsfromlisteners D.checklisteners??understanding Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 UnlikesomeotherEuropeanlanguages,Englishisalittletrickywhenitcomestowriting.Howaword1.　　　　(pronounce)andhowitisactuallyspeltcanbeverydifferentthings.Taketwosimple2.　　　　(verb)like “have” and “save”—shouldn??ttheybepronouncedthesame?Whydo “sir” “her” and “fur” allrhyme,but “fork” and “work” don??t? Imagine,then,asituation3.　　　　twowordsarespeltandpronouncedexactlythesameway,buthave4.　　　　(complete)differentmeanings.Welcometotheworldofhomonyms(同形同音異義詞).5.　　　　(take),forexample,theword “fair”—itcanbeakindoffestivaloranadjectivetodescribethecolourofyourhair. Sohowdoyouknowwhich6.　　　　(mean)someoneisreferringto?—Youdon??t,exceptbythecontext.Obviously,ifsomeoneasksyouto “givethemahand”,theydon??twantyoutoremove7.　　　　isattheendofyourarm. Sometimeseventhecontextdoesn??thelpmuch—theresultcanbe8.　　　　(amuse).Thesesentencesdisplaythedoublemeaningofanoun: Iusedtobeabanker,9.　　　　Ilostinterest. Asmallboyswallowedsomecoinsandhadtogotohospital.Whenhisgrandmotherphoned10.　　　　(ask)howhewas,thenursesaid, “Nochangeyet.” Ⅲ.短文改錯 Recentlyourschoolwebsitehassetupanewcolumncalling “EnglishCorner”.Thecolumnmakesitisconvenientforusstudentstopostourideasbutexperiences.ItalsooffersusopportunitiestocommunicatewitheachotherinEnglish,whichhelpstogettheirwritingabilityimproved.Thecolumncoversawidevarietytopics,suchasnews,sports,life,entertainmentandmuchotherlinksaboutfamouspeoplearoundtheworld.Toourgreatlydelight,wecangetonlineinstructionfromtheteachers.Itisourteachers??onlineguidancewhichbenefitsusalot.Whoeverpostthemostinformationwillberewarded.Welikedthecolumnverymuch. 課時作業(yè)(二) Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇新聞報道,主要報道了“新加坡式英語”的現(xiàn)象及其形成的原因和現(xiàn)狀。 1.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第三段的整體理解可推知,新加坡有不同版本的英語是因為新加坡本身就是一個移民國家,其英語受到多個移民民族的影響,故選A。 2.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Itisconcernedthatthedialectisloweringthecountry??sEnglishstandardandmayaffectitsrelationshipwithvisitors.”可推知,新加坡政府開展“說好英語運動”的目標在于提高整個國家的標準英文水平,故選C。 3.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段第二句“Instead,Singlishhasboomed,especiallyamongyoungpeoplewhothinkofitasasignofbeingcoolandawayofidentifyingthemselvesasaSingaporean.”可知,年輕人認為“新加坡式英語”是新加坡人身份的一種象征,也很酷,故選B。 4.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Toactivelyurgeustogiveupalanguagethatspeakstotheveryheartofwhoweare,whichsobeautifullyrepresentsthemeltingpotoftheChinese,Indians,MalaysiansandEurasiansthatweare,isshort-sighted,surely.’”可推知,Cheryl認為新加坡式英語能夠很好地表達新加坡人的想法,故選D。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要分析了以英語為母語的人和其他把英語作為第二外語或第三外語的人溝通時出現(xiàn)誤解的原因所在,并提出了一些解決辦法。 5.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和對全文的整體理解可推知,第一段是作者對一個具體案例的說明,旨在導(dǎo)入文章主題,即語言方面的誤解,故選B。 6.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“‘ThefirsttimeIworkedinaninternationalinstitution,somebodysaid “ETA16:53” andIthought “WhatthehellisETA?”’ saysMichaelBlatter,anexecutiveinaninternationalcompany.”和對第三段的整體理解可推知,Michael不以英語為母語,對英語母語人士所說的某些英語并不是很理解,故選C。 7.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Toomanynon-nativespeakers,especiallytheAsiansandtheFrench,aretooconcernedaboutnot ‘losingface’ andnodapprovinglywhilenotgettingthemessageatall,becauseofwhich,thenativespeakerscontinuedeliveringinformationthatmakeslittlesensetothem.”可推知,亞洲人和法國人認為不能理解別人的話是一件很丟臉的事,因此在不完全理解別人的情況下還是點頭表示理解,這樣的話母語人士無論繼續(xù)說什么都意義不大了,故選C。 8.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“WhentryingtocommunicateinEnglishwithagroupofpeoplewithdifferentlevelsoffluency,it??simportantfornativespeakerstomakethesamepointinacoupleofdifferentwaysandaskforsomeacknowledgement,reactionandaction,toknowwhetherthey??vebeenunderstoodornot.”可知,作者建議英語母語人士在溝通時要確認對方的反應(yīng),弄清楚對方是否聽明白了自己的意思,故選D。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了英語單詞在拼寫、發(fā)音和含義方面的一些知識。 1.ispronounced　考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。pronounce和其主語aword之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,文章整體時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 2.verbs　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。verb是可數(shù)名詞,且被two修飾,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3.where　考查定語從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作地點狀語,修飾先行詞situation。 4.completely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞或者整個句子,在句子中作狀語,故用副詞completely修飾形容詞different。 5.Take　考查祈使句。本句是一個祈使句,表示命令、威脅、警告等含義,符合語境,故用動詞原形。 6.meaning　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知,此處用名詞形式,被which修飾,表示“意思”。 7.what　考查連接詞。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中作主語,表示物的概念。 8.amusing　考查形容詞。be動詞后面需要跟形容詞,修飾物,表示“引人發(fā)笑”的含義,amusing符合語境。 9.but　考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知,上下分句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用連詞but。 10.toask　考查非謂語動詞。此處為不定式表示目的,故用toask。 Ⅲ.Recentlyourschoolwebsitehassetupanewcolumncalling “EnglishCorner”.Thecolumnmakesit is called convenientforusstudentstopostourideasbutexperiences.Italsooffersusopportunitiestocommunicatewitheach and otherinEnglish,whichhelpstogettheirwritingabilityimproved.Thecolumncoversawidevariety∧oftopics,such our asnews,sports,life,entertainmentandmuchotherlinksaboutfamouspeoplearoundtheworld.Toour many greatlydelight,wecangetonlineinstructionfromtheteachers.Itisourteachers??onlineguidancewhichbenefits greatthat usalot.Whoeverpostthemostinformationwillberewarded.Welikedthecolumnverymuch. postslike