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UnitSixTEXTIPreparingforCollege I LibraryWork1 Homer 8thcenturyB C theGreekepicpoettowhomareattributedtheIliadandtheOdyssey thegreatestepicpoetryofalltime TheIliad thetaleofthesiegeofTroy anancientcityinAsiaMinor isanepicpoemintwenty fourbooks TheOdysseyisanepicpoemwhichrecordstheadventuresofOdysseusorUlysses aGreekleaderinthe I LibraryWork TrojanWar alegendarywarwagedanywherefromthe11thtothe14thcenturyB C Itisalsointwenty fourbooks 2 DanteAlighieri 1265 1321 ItalianpoetwhosereputationrestschieflyonTheDivineComedy ca 1309 1320 anepicpoemthatdescribeshisspiritualjourneythroughHellandPurgatoryandfinallytoParadise orthewayofanindividualsoulfromsintopurification I LibraryWork 3 CaiusJuliusCaesar 100 44B C RomangeneralandadministratorwhomadehimselfmasteroftheRomanworldbydefeatingPompeytheGreat 106 48B C theRomangeneralandstatesmanbeforehim CaesarruledsupremeuntilhewasassassinatedbyagroupofconspiratorsheadedbyMarcusBrutusandCassius I LibraryWork 4 RobertOwen 1771 1858 Britishsocialistreformerandfounderofcooperativecommunities HestroveagainstsocialdisordersbroughtaboutbytheIndustrialRevolutionandurgedParliamenttoenactlawsthatwouldalleviatethebadworkingconditionsinBritishfactories Heassistedthetrade I LibraryWork unionmovement Hediscouragedthehiringofchildren Heestablishedacooperativesocietyforthepurchaseandsaleofcommodities andorganizedcooperativecommunitiestocreateabetterenvironment WilliamOwenissaidtobea red orasocialist becauseheisadescendantofRobertOwen I LibraryWork 5 ToriesaremembersorsupportersoftheConservativePartyinGreatBritain ThetermTorywasfirstusedtonameamemberofapoliticalpartyinGreatBritainfromthelate17thcenturytoabout1832thatfavoredtheauthorityofthekingoverParliamentandthepreservationoftheexistingsocialandpoliticalorder ItwassucceededbytheConservativePartyin1832 I LibraryWork 6 Liberalsarepeopleofliberalprinciplesorviews ormembersoftheLiberalPartyinGreatBritain Liberalsfavorprogressorreform asinpoliticalorreligiousaffairs I LibraryWork 7 ARomanCatholicisamemberoftheRomanCatholicChurch thepartoftheChristianChurchwhichacknowledgesthePopeasitshead CatholicismdiffersfromProtestantismintheimportanceitgrantstotradition ritual andtheauthorityofthePope I LibraryWork 8 AProtestantisamemberoftheProtestantChurch whichisanyoftheChristianchurchesthatareseparatefromtheRomanCatholicChurch TheProtestantsrejecttheauthorityofthePopeorpapacy 教皇統(tǒng)治 TheyfindauthorityinthetextoftheBible II OrganizationoftheText 1 HefailedinanumberofexaminationsrequiredforenteringtheUniversityofCaliforniaandthecauseofit Paragraphs1 4 2 Hisprivatetutor Mr Nixon exertedgreatinfluenceonhim heencouragedhispupiltothinkanddiscoverallbyhimself Paragraphs5 12 II OrganizationoftheText 3 HefoundthebestpreparationsforcollegeinthestimulatingSaturdaynightconversationsamongallthoseOxfordandCambridgemen Paragraphs13 15 III KeyPointsoftheText Paragraph1tobeputoffforayear tobedelayedforayearputsth off delaydoingsth E g Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday 今日事今日畢 Iwasnotofthem Iwasnotlikethem Iwasnotoftheirkind Paragraph2 sofarasIcouldmakeout sofarasIcouldunderstandmakeout understand see orhearE g Thatproblemisjustbeyondme Ican tmakeitout Hemutteredacomplaintthatnobodycouldmakeout Paragraph2 theylookeddazedorindifferent theylookedconfused bewilderedoruninterested unconcernedDazeisoftenusedinthepassive Tobedazedistobemadeunabletothinkorfeelclearly E g Hisanswertothequestionleftusalldazed Paragraph2 indifferent notinterestedin notcaringaboutE g Weshouldnotbeindifferenttothelowachieversinschool foreigntome unfamiliarandstrangetome unknowntome notwithinmyexperience Thisistheformaluseofthewordforeign Paragraph2 E g Hisconceptofeducationisentirelyforeigntous FromSteffens sdescriptionof theelect inParagraph2 whathasbeenrevealedabouthimself Paragraph2 Hemustbeverydifferentfromthoseboys Tohimstudydidnotmeanperformingallthetasksassignedbytheteacherwithoutthinkingandreasoning Hemustbeunhappytobetoldtomemorizewhathewassupposedtolearnwithoutathoroughunderstanding Paragraph2 Hewasmotivatedbyastrongquestforknowledge notbythedesiretodistinguishhimselfintermsofmarks Paragraph2 Whatkindofschoolhadhisfatherchosen Whywasitwrongforhim Itwasthetypeofschoolwherestudentswereexpectedto dotheirduty thatis toperformallthetasksassignedbytheteacherwithoutthinkingandreasoning Paragraph2 teachersusuallyaskedtheirstudentstomemorizethingswithoutathoroughunderstanding studentsweremotivatedbythedesiretodistinguishthemselvesintermsofmarks tobeattheotherfellows standhigh Paragraph3 bearon berelevantto havesomeconnectionwith relatetoE g Didwhathesaidbearonyourproblem forkeeps Thisphraseisusedinformally meaning forever permanently forgood Paragraph3 E g CanIhaveoneofthosecutemementos 漂亮的紀(jì)念品 Sure Thisoneisyours forkeeps Paragraph4 appealto attract interestE g HisplanofspendingourwintervacationinanorphanagetocoachthechildrenthereinEnglishappealedtoallofus Appealhasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts Paragraph4 E g TheMunicipalGovernmentappealedto requested theresidentstosavewaterlastsummer Thedefendantdefiedtheverdict theofficialdecisionmadebyajuryinacourtoflaw andappealedto 上訴 thehighercourt 被告對(duì)法庭的裁決不服 向高一級(jí)法院提起上訴 Paragraph4 therudiments thebasics thefundamentals Thewordrudimentsisalwaysinthepluralformwhenusedinthissense 基礎(chǔ) 基本原理 初級(jí)階段 入門 Paragraph4 E g therudimentsofgrammar語法入門therudimentsofphysics物理學(xué)基本原理therudimentsofaplan計(jì)劃的雛形therudimentsofcivilization文明的萌芽 Paragraph4 WhenIknockedatthecollegegates Iwaspreparedforacollegeeducationinsomebranches mymindwashungryenoughfortheanswerstosomeprofoundquestionstohavemademeworkanddevelopmyself especiallyon Paragraph4 lineswhichIknownowhadnoreadyanswers onlymoreandevermorequestions WhenIgotreadytoentercollege Iwasexpectingacollegeeducationinsomedefinitefields Iwasveryeagertoknowtheanswerstosomequestionsdifficulttounderstand and Paragraph4 thathasmademeworkandimprovemyself especiallyinareasofstudywheretherewerenopromptanswers buttherewereendlessquestions Paragraph4 metaphysics thebranchofphilosophythatdealswithabstractconcepts etc 形而上學(xué) 玄學(xué)IwasnotintheleastcuriousaboutGreek Iwasn teagertolearnGreek atall Paragraph4 notintheleast notatallE g Lotsofpeoplelovetoreadsciencefiction butI mnotintheleastinterested Thetextbeginswithhisfailuretogetintouniversity Whatcausedhisfailure InfermainlyfromParagraphs3and4 Paragraph4 Hewasnotinterestedinthosesubjectswhichseemedtohimirrelevanttohislife andtheteachersfailedtointeresthiminthosesubjects Asaresult hedidnotdowellinthem Thispartlyaccountedforhisfailure Paragraph5 tobecrammedforBerkeley tobestuffedwithasmuchbookknowledgeaspossibleformetopasstheentranceexaminationoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleycram learnasmuchaspossibleinashorttimejustbeforetheexamination Paragraph5 E g Learningisalong rangeprocess Crammingforanexaminationinthelastminutedoesonenogood retain law toemploy alawyer toactforone bypayinginadvance付定金聘定 律師等 付定金保留E g retainsb asone slegalcounsel聘定某人為法律顧問 Paragraph5 retainone sroomsfortheholidays付定金以在外出度假時(shí)保留房間aretainingfee律師費(fèi)allthepoetsofalltheages allthepoetsofallperiodsinhistoryCompare ofalltheages不同的歷史時(shí)代ofallages不同的年齡 Paragraph5 ecstasy astateof verystrongfeeling especiallyofjoyandhappiness狂喜 入迷 inecstasies欣喜若狂 處于狂熱狀態(tài)E g inanecstasyofdelight欣喜若狂inanecstasyofgrief悲痛欲絕gointoecstasywhenmeditating沉思冥想出了神 Paragraph6 Whatistheantecedentofthepronoun it inthefirstsentenceofParagraph6 Apartfromreferringtoitsantecedent whatcohesivefunctiondoesitperform It referstothechangethathadcomeoverhim It linkstheparagraphwiththeprecedingone Paragraph6 consciousculture thecultures i e customs arts socialinstitutions andachievementsofaparticularpeopleorsocialgroupornation thatisdirectlyperceptibleorknowntousfanatic onewhoisveryenthusiasticaboutaparticularactivity Paragraph6 romanceandlanguagesangsongstome Ienjoyedromanceandlanguagesomuchthattheywerelikesongssungtome Paragraph6 inspire encourageinsomebodythedesireandabilitytotakeeffectiveactionbyfillingwitheagerness confidence etc E g ThePartysecretary swordsinspiredustoworkstillharder togreaterefforts Paragraph6 WhenhereadorrecitedGreekversetheGreekscametolife romanceandlanguagesangsongstome andIwasinspiredtobelikehim notaheronorevenapoet butaGreekscholar andthusaninstrumentonwhichbeautifulwordsmightplay Paragraph6 WhenhereadorrecitedGreekpoetry itseemedthatwhatwasdescribedintheversebecamealive boththeromanticideasandthepoeticallinessoundedlikebeautiful Paragraph6 music andI justlikehim wasmotivatedtobeneitheraheroinpoetrynorapoetwhocreatedpoetry butonlyastudentofGreekcultureandpoetry insuchawaythatIwouldbeabletointerpretGreekpoetry Paragraph6 Itwastoogreatandtoovariousformetopersonifywithmyboyishimitationsandheroism LifewassogoodandsodifferentinkindthatIwasnotabletoexpresswhatitwaslikewithmyyouthfulmindandboldness Paragraph6 personify expressorrepresent aqualityinhumanform bea perfect exampleof象征 體現(xiàn) 成 典型 Paragraph8 sedentary inactive donewhilesittingdown需久坐的 貫坐的 Paragraph11 underline indicatetheimportanceof emphasizewhenIlooked balked whenIlooked thwarted 畏縮 退縮 frustrated 灰心喪氣 balk stoporintentionallygetinthewayof畏縮 突然停止 回避balked here baffled frustrated Paragraph11 E g Shecouldhardlyremembernowwhathappenedtoherrightafterthenotificationofherson smissinginaction Nightmareridesofbalkingmiserywhichclatteredoverwidefieldsandhillsoftherubbleddying Paragraph11 她現(xiàn)在幾乎無法記起一收到兒子在戰(zhàn)斗中下落不明的通知之后她自己怎么樣了 噩夢(mèng)中 痛苦使馬畏縮不前 她騎在馬上噠噠地走遍廣闊的躺滿在碎磚爛瓦中正在死去的人的田野和山丘 Paragraph12 Goto boy Theworldisyours Nothingisdone nothingisknown Thegreatestpoemisn twritten thebestrailroadisn tbuiltyet theperfectstatehasn tbeenthoughtof Everythingremainstobedone right everything Comeon boy Theworldbelongstoyou youareexpectedtodocreative Paragraph12 thinkingandtoactcreativelyfortheworld Thereisstillalottobeaccomplished andalottobefoundout Nopoemwrittencanbecalledthegreatestandnorailroadbuiltcanbethebest Theperfectstatehasyettobeconceived Everythinghasyettobedone Paragraph13 amaddeninglot awild uncontrollablegrouprighteoussects morallyjustifiablegroupsofpeoplewhosereligiousbeliefsareconsidereddifferentfromthoseofalargergroup正義的派別 Paragraph13 righteous ofapersonorhisbehavior doingwhatis morallygoodandjust正直的 正當(dāng)?shù)腸linch inthesportofboxing thepositionofthetwofighterswhenholdingeachothertootightly withthearms 拳擊等的 鉗住對(duì)手 Paragraph13 E g getintoaclinch扭成一團(tuán)withasurenesswhichwithstoodreferencetothebooks withsuchacertaintythattheydidnothavetorefertothesourceofthequotation 他們?cè)谝脵?quán)威人士所述時(shí)是 如此地肯定 他們不必提及引文的出處 Paragraph13 withstand holdoutagainst standupto notbechangedbyE g Buildingsinthisareashouldbeabletowithstandearthquakes 頂?shù)米〉卣?Greatworksofart literaryworkscanalwayswithstandthetestoftime 經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn) Paragraph13 papalbull anofficialdocumentissuedbythePope theheadoftheRomanCatholicChurch papal ofthePopeorofthepapacy羅馬教皇的bull asolemnofficialletterfromthePope教皇訓(xùn)令 Paragraph13 verbatim wordforword inexactlythesamewordsE g copyitverbatim逐字地抄錄reportaspeechverbatim逐字地報(bào)道一篇演說averbatimreprint毫無改動(dòng)的再版 Paragraph13 HowdoesthemanEvelynNixonimpressyou Supportyouranswerwithinformationfromthetext Forsupportinginformation refertoParagraphs6to13 Paragraph13 Awell informedOxfordscholar agodteacher whoknewhowtointeresthisstudentinwhathehadtolearn acreativeandoriginalman whowasnotsatisfiedwithwhatwasknown butwasmoreinterestedintheexplorationanddiscoveryoftheunknown Paragraph13 Theteacherhasturnedouttohaveformedachangeoverme Howhasheachievedthis Forsupportinginformation refertoParagraphs6to13 Heencouragedmetoexploreintotheunknownworld heknowshowtointeresthisstudentinwhathehastolearn Paragraph13 heencouragedmetolistentothestimulatingSaturdaynightconversationsamongallthoseOxfordandCambridgemen Paragraph13 Despitetheirsimilarbackground theEnglishmenwhometattheSaturdaynightgatheringshad nocommonopiniononanythingapparently Paragraph13 Bywhichsentenceinthesameparagraphisthisfactrestated Whydoestheauthorseemtoemphasizethispoint Paragraph13 Theycouldnotamongthemagreeonanythingbutafact Toemphasizetheoriginalityofthesesearchingmindsandtheinfinitenatureofthepursuitofknowledge Paragraph14 ItwasconversationIwashearing thefree passionate wittyexchangesofstudiedmindsaspolishedasfinetools Theywerealwayscourteous notwoeverspoketogether therewerenoasides theyalltalkedtothequestionbeforethehouse andwhiletheywereonthejobofexpositionanyone regardlessofhisside Paragraph14 wouldcontributehisquotaoffacts orhisremembranceofsomephilosopher sopinionorsomepoet sperfectphrasefortheelucidationorthebeautificationofthetheme WhatIwashearingwastheunrestrained earnest andsparklinginterchangesofgreatintellectassharpasfirst ratetools Paragraph14 Theywerealwayspolite speakingoneatatime noonespoketoanyoneinsecretandnoonedigressed theyallspokewhentherewasanissueeveryonewasinterestedin andwhiletheywereexplainingsomething anyone nomatterwhetherhewasfororagainsttheissue wouldtellotherswhatheknewabouta Paragraph14 philosopher sopinionorapoet sphraseinordertoclarifyortobeautifythetheme studiedmindsaspolishedasfinetools greatintellectualfaculties greatmentalcapacitiesasflawlessasfirst classtoolspolish makeorbecomesmoothandshinybycontinualrubbing磨光 擦亮 Paragraph14 aside wordsspokenbyanactortothosewatchingtheplay andnotintendedtobeheardbytheothercharacters digression旁白 離題的話quota astatednumberofamount oralimitonnumbers配額 限額 定額 定量E g fulfillaquota完成定額 Paragraph14 fill meet aquota達(dá)到定額 或限額 havequotasonproductslikepaperorspecialtysteel對(duì)紙 特種鋼之類的產(chǎn)品規(guī)定限額over fulfillthequota超額完成thequotasystem定額分配制 Paragraph14 elucidation theactofexplainingormakingclear adifficultyormystery 闡明 解釋relish greatenjoyment especiallyoffood pleasureandsatisfaction樂趣 享樂E g Heatewithgreatrelish 他吃得津津有味 Paragraph14 Shetookrelishinshowingherfriendsherjewelry 她以向朋友炫示自己的珠寶首飾為樂 Theboyhasnorelishforsports 這男孩不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng) Paragraph14 WhydoesSteffenssaythatthosewonderfulSaturdaynightsinSanFranciscowerehispreparationsforcollege RefertoParagraphs14and15 Theconversationsheheardwerebrilliant scholarly andstimulating thusgreatlybroadeninghisscopeofknowledge And Paragraph14 thewayinwhichtheconversationswerecarriedonwasinspiring too Theyweremuchmorebeneficialtohimthanthekindofschooleducationhehadreceived Paragraph15 void adeepemptyspace空間 空虛處E g vanishintothevoid消失得無影無蹤fillthevoid填補(bǔ)空白feelavoidinone slife感到生活空虛anachingvoidinsb sheart某人內(nèi)心空落落的痛苦感覺 Paragraph15 explicit ofastatement rule etc clearandfullyexpressed清楚的 明確的Compare implicit TextIILettertoaBStudent I OrganizationoftheText1 ReasonsforadisappointinggradeB Paragraphs1 2 a Thenormhasshiftedupward 1 b Winninghascometoassumeunprecedentedimportanceinthecurrentsociety 2 I OrganizationoftheText 2 Thepurposeofwritingtheletter toputtherecipient sdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhathisgrademeans Paragraphs3 8 a Gradeisafuzzysymbolrepresentingaquestionablejudgmentofone smasteryofthesubject 3 4 I OrganizationoftheText b Graderepresentsnojudgmentofone sbasicabilityorcharacter 5 8 analogy 5 6 example 7 8 3 Correctinterpretationofgrade subspecieaeternitatis Paragraphs9 11 II KeyPointsoftheText Paragraph1eligibility qualification qualityofbeingfittobechosen資格 Paragraph2 repute oftenformal goodorbadreputation 好的或壞的 名聲 名譽(yù)E g Heisadoctorofgreatrepute 他是個(gè)很有聲望的醫(yī)生 Iknowhimbyrepute notpersonally 我只是聞其名 跟他并無私交 Paragraph2 Sheisapersonoflowreputehere 她在這兒名聲不好 throughgoodandevilrepute不管輿論如何 不管人們?cè)鯓诱J(rèn)為bewell ill reputed有好 壞 名聲inhigh low repute聲望高 低 Paragraph2 Comparereputation generalopinionaboutthequalitiesofaperson名譽(yù) 聲譽(yù) 名聲E g Hehasanexcellentreputationasadoctor 作為醫(yī)生 他享有盛名 Shehasgainedquiteareputation forherself asacook 她當(dāng)廚師手藝好 很有名氣 Paragraph2 azero sumgame agameinwhichwhateverisgainedbyonesideislostbytheother得失所系的賭賽E g azero sumconflictorsituation得失所系的沖突或局面offset balance makeupfor補(bǔ)償 抵消 Paragraph2 E g Thegainsoffsetthelosses 得失相當(dāng) Theirwageincreaseswouldbeoffsetbyhigherprices 他們?cè)黾拥墓べY會(huì)被物價(jià)上漲所抵消 Paragraph2 gounder ofashiporfloatingobject tosink togodown ofabusinessofperson tofailorgetintodifficulties 船等 沉沒 商行等 倒閉 失敗 垮掉E g Thefirmwentunderintheeconomiccrisis 這家商行在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中倒閉了 Paragraph2 Shehassomanyworries sheissuretogounder 她有那么多事要操心 身體非垮掉不可 salvation thesavingorstateofbeingsavedfromthepowerandeffectofevil sin 靈魂的拯救 Paragraph4 fuzzy notclearinshape especiallyattheedges misty模糊的E g afuzzyphoto模糊的照片afuzzysound模糊的聲音afuzzypolicy含混的政策I malittlefuzzyonthedetails 在細(xì)節(jié)方面我不太清楚 Paragraph5 Inshortsupply scarce供應(yīng)不足E g Ammunitionwasinextremely 或desperately shortsupply 彈藥極度缺乏 Itdemandspatience alwaysinshortsupply 它需要耐心 而人們卻總是缺乏這一東西 Paragraph7 makeapointofdoingsomething alsomakeitapointtodosomething takeparticularcaretodosomething打定主意做某事 總是要做某事E g Hemakesitapointtolookashealthyandattractiveashecan 他始終盡可能使自己顯得身體健康又富有魅力 Paragraph7 Hemakesapointofalwaysbeingpunctual 他總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí) YoumakeapointofforgettingeverythingIhavesaid 你老是把我說過的話忘得精光 Andyetitexplainedwhyshemadesuchapointofstartingfromhomeat Paragraph7 justthesametimeeachweek soasnottobelatefortheperformance 然而這解釋了她為什么每一個(gè)星期都要這樣特意在同一時(shí)間離家 是為了不誤演出 flunk informal especiallyAmE tofail anexaminationorstudycourse 使某人不及格 給某人打不及格分?jǐn)?shù) Paragraph7 E g Hernotfollowingtheinstructionsflunkedher 她由于不照指示做沒考及格 Heflunkedchemistryexamination 他化學(xué)考試不及格 flunkout 口 因不及格 使 退學(xué)E g Heflunkedoutofflighttraining 他從飛行訓(xùn)練中被淘汰 Paragraph8 in outofperspective a showingthecorrect incorrectrelationshipbetweenvisibleobjects可見物體的位置或比例正確 不正確 按照 不按照 透視法E g drawthebuildingsinperspective按比例畫某建筑物 Paragraph8 Thattreeontheleftofthepictureisoutofperspective 畫中左邊那棵樹不合比例 b inawaythatdoesnotexaggerateanyaspect thatexaggeratessomeaspects不夸大 夸大 恰當(dāng) 不恰當(dāng) Paragraph8 E g Heseesthingsintheirrightperspective 他觀察事物很正確 seetheeventsintheirhistoricalperspective用歷史的觀點(diǎn)看待這些事件getthingsbadlyoutofperspective處事極為失當(dāng) Paragraph9 hew shapesomethingbychopping將某物砍成或劈成某種形狀E g roughlyhewntimber粗劈的木材hewastatuefrommarble用大理石鑿刻成石像 Paragraph10 hamper preventthefreemovementoractivityofsomebody hindersomebodyorsomething束縛 某人 妨礙 某人 某事 E g Ourprogresswashamperedbythebadweather 我們前進(jìn)時(shí)受到了惡劣天氣的阻礙 Paragraph10 IcefloeshamperbargetrafficontheElbeRiver 大片浮冰妨礙了易北河上的駁船交通 Paragraph11 exactitude over correctness極端的正確性或精確性E g Hespokewithpompousexactitude 他以自視絕對(duì)正確的口吻說話 amanofexactitude十分嚴(yán)格的人tattoo tattooedpictureorpattern刺在皮膚上的圖案 文身 Paragraph11 reading formalannouncementofsomethingtoanaudience向公眾正式宣布的事物 告白E g thereadingofawill marriagebanns etc 遺囑 結(jié)婚等的啟事