《非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格學(xué)案 高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí).docx》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格學(xué)案 高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí).docx（10頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、獨(dú)立主格與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 獨(dú)立主格，是帶有主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)，所以狀語(yǔ)通 常不會(huì)自帶主語(yǔ)。但有時(shí)出于表達(dá)的需要，狀語(yǔ)就要帶有自己的主語(yǔ)，這種有自己的主語(yǔ)的 狀語(yǔ)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)歸主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，但與主句之間不能使用任何 連接詞。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，而是帶有主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、 伴隨、目的等。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中 做狀語(yǔ)，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。其公式為：名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)/代詞+不定式/ing分詞/%分詞/

2、形容 詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)。名詞前也可以加witho而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞， 主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞任贓?詞和過(guò)去頒，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不 能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其它成分。 例如：The work finished, I went to bed.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)是the work,主句主語(yǔ)是I,不一 樣,the work和finish之間是被動(dòng)所以用過(guò)去分伺， 又如：Finishing the work, I went to bed.分句里finish的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)I是-樣的，又是 主動(dòng)關(guān)系所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。 第一類(lèi)：名詞/代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去

3、分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)詞不定式） 此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分中的動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）之間存在一定邏輯關(guān)系， 一種是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，一種是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 1、 “名詞/代詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu) 由不定式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示還未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作。在 句中常作原因狀語(yǔ)，偶爾作條件狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān) 系，動(dòng)詞不定式則用主動(dòng)的形式；如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，貝州被動(dòng)形式（名詞/代詞+tobe done）o 例如：His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 他朋

4、友今晚要來(lái)，所以正忙著準(zhǔn)備晚餐呢。 Lots of homework to do, the little boy had to stay home all day. 由于有很多家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩只好一整天待在家里。 Manv trees, flowers, and grass to be Dlanted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹(shù)、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)?？瓷先⒏?。 2、 “名詞/代詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu) 由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其中的“名詞或代詞”用主格

5、形 式，起邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用，其后的分詞起邏輯謂語(yǔ)的作用。注意：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不 能使用任何連接詞。 例如：The children Dlavina in the room, I couldn't get down studying. 孩子們?cè)谖堇锿?，我沒(méi)法學(xué)習(xí)。 The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說(shuō)什么好。 3、 “名詞/代詞+done”結(jié)構(gòu) 由過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞往往表示被動(dòng)意義。其中的“名詞或代詞” 用主格形式，起邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用，其后的分詞起邏輯謂語(yǔ)的作用。注

6、意：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主 句之間不能使用任何連接詞。 例如：The iob finished, we went home. 工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 積蓄全部用完了，我們開(kāi)始找工作了。 小試牛刀： 1、 The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand a gun and his face withsweat. A. held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. he

7、ld;covering 解析：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，his right hand與hold有主謂關(guān)系，故用holding,而his face與cover 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用covered.因此選C. 2、 The children went home from (he grammar school, their lessons for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析：因lessons與動(dòng)詞finish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用過(guò)去分詞。其實(shí)，their lessons finished for t

8、he day為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 3、 An important lecture given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into thenight. A. to be B. being C. been D. to have been解析：D選項(xiàng)，是作賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，不正確。邏輯主語(yǔ)為lecture,與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 且是將要發(fā)生故選擇A. 第二類(lèi)：名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞 1、 “名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu) “名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是無(wú)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往看作是“名詞/ 代詞+be

9、+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中省略了 be動(dòng)詞。 例如：A girl came in, book in hand. ?個(gè)少女進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著書(shū)。 解釋說(shuō)明：book是介詞短語(yǔ)in hand的邏輯主語(yǔ)，該獨(dú)立主格可還原為“(a) book was in hand”， 由于本句中已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子“A girl came in",所以“(a) book is in hand"將系動(dòng)詞was去掉,變成“名詞（book）” + “介詞短語(yǔ)（in hand）” 的形式，作狀語(yǔ)。由此可見(jiàn)，獨(dú)立主格“名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”形式中，邏輯主語(yǔ)（名 詞/代詞）和介詞短語(yǔ)之間省略了系動(dòng)詞be.. 注意：

10、介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞通常不加任何修飾語(yǔ)（如物主代詞或冠詞）,也 不用復(fù)數(shù)。如果是in以外的介詞，限定詞不可省。 例如：He entered the room, a box on his head.他進(jìn)入房間，頭上頂若個(gè)箱子。此句中的限定 詞（his）不能省略。 2、 “名詞/代詞+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu) 此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）之間存在一定邏輯關(guān)系，在形容詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/ 代詞）之間省略了系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞。 例如：Computers very small, we can use them widelv.電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 解釋說(shuō)明:44Comput

11、ers very small”是這句話(huà)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，computers是形容詞small的邏 輯主語(yǔ)，該獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可還原為“computers are very small”，由于本句中己經(jīng)有了一個(gè)含有主謂 結(jié)構(gòu)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子 “we can use them widely”，所以 “computers are very small” 將系動(dòng)詞 are 去掉，變成“名詞（computers）" + "形容詞（small）”的形式，作狀語(yǔ)。由此可見(jiàn)，獨(dú)立主格“名詞 /代詞+形容詞”形式中，邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）和形容詞之間省略了系動(dòng)詞be。 3、 “名詞/代詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu) 此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，

12、副詞也多是說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。副詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）之間存在一 定邏輯關(guān)系，在副詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）之間省略了系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞。 例如：The meeting over, we all went home.會(huì)議結(jié)束了，我們都回家了。 解釋說(shuō)明：“The meeting over”是這句話(huà)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，meeting是副詞over的邏輯主語(yǔ)， 該獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可還原為“The meeting was over”，由于本句中己經(jīng)有了 ?個(gè)含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)、結(jié)構(gòu) 完整的句子"they all went home”，所以“The meeting was over”將系動(dòng)詞was去掉，變

13、成“名 詞（the meeting）" + "副詞（over）”的形式，作狀語(yǔ)。由此可見(jiàn)，獨(dú)立主格“名詞/代詞+副詞”形 式中，邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）和副詞之間省略了系動(dòng)詞be。 第三類(lèi)：There/It being +名詞（代詞）1、 “It being +名詞（代詞）”結(jié)構(gòu) 此結(jié)構(gòu)中，獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞（It）,可以把It being +名詞=Because / If it be +名 詞，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being （或having been用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前）不能省略。 例如：It being Sunday ,the students are all at

14、home.今天是星期日，學(xué)生們都在家里。 這是現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句=because it is Sunday ,the students are all at home.因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不--致所以現(xiàn)在分詞要帶上自己的 邏輯主語(yǔ)it構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。 =Because it was Christmas, the government offices were closed. It being

15、 a holiday, all the shops were shut,由于今天是假日,所有商店都關(guān)門(mén)了。 =Because it was a holiday, all the shops were shut. 2、 “There being +名詞（代詞）”結(jié)構(gòu) 此獨(dú)立主格中There being +名詞（代詞）這是There be句式的非謂語(yǔ)形式，There be句型的 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做原因狀語(yǔ)，用being是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞形式可以表示原因?？梢园阉醋鱐here being + 名同=Because / If there be +名同，注意：此獨(dú)B主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being （或havin

16、g been用完成時(shí)， 表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前）不能省略。 例如：There being no bus, we had to walk back. 因?yàn)闆](méi)有公交車(chē)，我們只好步行回去。 There being no other business, the meeting ended at 10:00 a.m. 因?yàn)闆](méi)有其他需要商議的事項(xiàng)，會(huì)議在早上10點(diǎn)結(jié)束。 There being nothing else to do, we went home. 如果沒(méi)有別的事可做，我們就回家了。 第四類(lèi)：with/without+名詞/代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞）/ 形容詞/名詞

17、/介詞短語(yǔ) 此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)由三部分構(gòu)成，分別是介詞with/without+邏輯主語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/形容詞/ 名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。很明顯，此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)只是在第一類(lèi)和第二類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上，增加了介詞with/without。 with/without引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。其實(shí)這 是英語(yǔ)中一種常見(jiàn)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，就那with來(lái)說(shuō)把它可以有以下3中結(jié)構(gòu)with加上sth再加上 doing/done/to do: （Ddoing表示動(dòng)詞和sth之間是-種主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)己是-種在持續(xù)的 狀態(tài)。 ②done表示動(dòng)詞和sth之I'可是一種

18、被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 ?todo表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)尚未發(fā)生。 1. With a lot of homework to do, I can't go out.因?yàn)檫€有很多作業(yè)未做，所以我不能出去。 2. With a lot of work finished, I am tired.因?yàn)橥瓿闪舜罅康墓ぷ?我現(xiàn)在很累。 3. With the baby crying, I couldn't fall asleep.因?yàn)楹⒆右恢痹诳?，所以我無(wú)法入睡。 小試牛刀： 1. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sor

19、ry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled解析：從with結(jié)構(gòu)上理解，由于工作充滿(mǎn)了整個(gè)大腦，我?guī)缀蹩毂罎⒘?。Work與fill之間是主動(dòng)關(guān) 系，且是持續(xù)的一種狀態(tài)，故選B. 2、 John received an invitation to dinner; and with his work , he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D.

20、 was finished解析：從with結(jié)構(gòu)上理解，work與finish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A. 3、 I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother . A. to be ill B. being ill C. been ill D. to being ill解析：從 with 結(jié)構(gòu)上理解，because my mother was ill=with my mother being ill.故選 B. 4、 I couldn't do my homework with all that noise . A. going on B.

21、goes on C. went on D. to go on解析：從with結(jié)構(gòu)上理解，noise與go on之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)已是一種在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 故選A. 第五類(lèi)：當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句，但不再保留連詞。 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句，但不 再保留連詞。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語(yǔ)都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句。但是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句后，它有 自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致；而分詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句后，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一 致。 1. 轉(zhuǎn)換為條件狀語(yǔ)從句 Time

22、 permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 轉(zhuǎn)換為： If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 如果時(shí)間允許，我們最好周末去度假。 Listening to English every day, youll learn it well step by step. 轉(zhuǎn)換為： If you listen to English every day, youll learn it well step by step. 如果你每天都聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)，你會(huì)慢慢地學(xué)得很好

23、的。 2, 轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 轉(zhuǎn)換為： When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市更美了。 Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. 轉(zhuǎn)換為： When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils s

24、topped talking at once. 一聽(tīng)到教師的聲音，學(xué)生們立即停止講話(huà)。 3. 轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語(yǔ)從句 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 轉(zhuǎn)換為： Because the bay led us the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 Not knowing her address, I can't write to her. 轉(zhuǎn)換為： Because

25、I don't know her address, I can't write to her. 由于不知道她的地址，所以我不能給她寫(xiě)信。 還必須注意，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)并不總是和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。 Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 注意：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句、分詞做狀語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)從句中的省 略三者之間的區(qū)別1、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/介詞/名詞” 在含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，若從句的主語(yǔ)是it或從句的主語(yǔ).與主句

26、的主語(yǔ)相同，且 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，只用動(dòng)詞的ing形式，如 果是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則用done,例如： When he is asking the teacher; he is polite.=When asking the teacher; he is polite. When he was asked by the teacher; he answered politely. = When asked by the teacher; he answered politely. While he was on a visit to New York, h

27、e came across John. =While on a visit to New York, he came across John. When he was yet a child, he could writ poems. = When yet a child, he could writ poems. I hurt my leg, when I was seen by my mother. = I hurt my leg, when done by my mother 注意特殊情況： ① 如果狀語(yǔ)從句和主句都含有there be的某種形式或只有狀語(yǔ)從句含有there be

28、的某種形 式，那么從句中的there be也常常省略。 例如： Correct the mistakes, if (there are) any (mistakes) in these sentences. ② .當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非be動(dòng)詞，從句可以省略主語(yǔ)，從句 的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用其V-ing結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如： Although he worked very hard, he failed in the final exam. =Although working very hard, he failed in the final exam. After she

29、took the medicine , she felt much better.=After taking the medicine, she felt much better. 例 While watching television, . A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings思路：觀察句子屬于狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略，那么主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，只有人看電視，從而 排除A和B,又因?yàn)閔ear后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故選C. 2、分詞或分

30、詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ) ①分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，方式和伴隨情況。在 表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步時(shí)，通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句；表示方式和伴隨情況時(shí)， 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分。 Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.（現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） =When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up. Heated, ice will be changed into water.（過(guò)去分詞作條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

31、） =When ice is heated, ice will be changed into water. Working very hard, he didn't feel a bit tired.（現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)） =Though he worked very hard, he didn't feel a bit tired. I stood there, listening to the broadcast.（現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)） =1 stood there and listened to the broadcast. ②分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)前面可用連詞 若分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與

32、主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，且所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā) 生，那么分詞結(jié)構(gòu)前面可放上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞引導(dǎo)。 While walking along the street early in the morning, he saw her. Unless （being） rich, I am not going abroad.除非有錢(qián)，否則我是不會(huì)出國(guó)的。 例： When he is asking the teacher; he is polite. =When asking the teachei; he is polite. =asking the teacher; he is pol

33、ite. 注意： ①現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即句子的主語(yǔ)就是動(dòng) 詞一ing的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，即句子主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞ing的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。注：如果現(xiàn)在分詞所 表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，分詞要用完成式。 Travelling by car; we visited many places.我們乘車(chē)游覽了許多地方。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed. ②過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要特別注意其邏輯主語(yǔ)也必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。但過(guò)去分 詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作他們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Gi

34、ven more attention, the trees could have grown better. 區(qū)別分詞作狀語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立主格主要是看狀語(yǔ)部分是否有自己獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，如果有獨(dú)立的主 語(yǔ)就是獨(dú)立主格，否則就是分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 練習(xí)： 1、 The flowers his friend gave him will die unless every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water2、 Though to see usz the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. surprising

35、B. was surprised C. surprised D. beingsurprised 3、 Although under the sea for several hundred years, the ship loaded with a great deal of china is still in good condition. A. buried B. having been buried C. to have been buried D. being buried4、 All the office rules, whether or not, are important,

36、 especially for young job seekers. A. written B. writing C. being written D. having beenwritten 5、 It is known to all that every minute, full use of the lessons, will benefitstudents a great deal. A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study C. that made; to study D. when is made; studying6、

37、 as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy. A. Mary was chosen B. Mary chosen C. Mary being chosen D. Mary's being chosen7、 in an atmosphere of simple life was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl e

38、ducated C. The girl's being educated D. The girl to be educated8、 She stood there, from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears are rolling down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down9、 John received an invitation to dinner; and with his work , he gladly accepted it. A. finished B.

39、finishing C. having finished D. was finished10、 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished11、 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A. to follow B. following C. f

40、ollowed D. follows12、 The girl is still fast asleep, with her head deep in her arms. A. bury B. to bury C. buried D. burying13、 Have you heard of it? Firefighters rushed into a burning house, three of them unfortunately in and their lives. A. caught; losing B. catching; lost C. caught; lost D. ca

41、tching; losing14、 , the chairman felt upset. A. Many people's being absent B. Many people being absent C. For many people being absent D. Being absent15、 that he was in great danger Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized16、

42、 The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point. A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try17、 If there is a lot of work , I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing18、 It took a long time for the connection between body temper

43、ature and illness . A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made19、 —Be careful! Don't forget you are on a ladder. — But you are holding it for me, nothing . A. worry about B. to worry about C. is worried about D. worrying about20、 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never again. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seen D. having been seen 答案：1-5 ACAAB 6-10 DCDAB 11-15 BCABC 16-20 BABBA