【溫馨提示】====設計包含CAD圖紙 和 DOC文檔，均可以在線預覽，所見即所得，，dwg后綴的文件為CAD圖，超高清，可編輯，無任何水印，，充值下載得到【資源目錄】里展示的所有文件======課題帶三維，則表示文件里包含三維源文件，由于三維組成零件數量較多，為保證預覽的簡潔性，店家將三維文件夾進行了打包。三維預覽圖，均為店主電腦打開軟件進行截圖的，保證能夠打開，下載后解壓即可。======詳情可咨詢QQ：1304139763 寧波大紅鷹學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯 所在學院： 專 業(yè)： 班 級： 姓 名： 學 號： 指導教師： 2016 年 3 月 31 日 機械設計理論 機械設計是一門通過設計新產品或者改進老產品來滿足人類需求的應用技術科學。它涉及工程技術的各個領域，主要研究產品的尺寸、形狀和詳細結構的基本構思，還要研究產品在制造、銷售和使用等方面的問題。 進行各種機械設計工作的人員通常被稱為設計人員或者機械設計工程師。機械設計是一項創(chuàng)造性的工作。設計工程師不僅在工作上要有創(chuàng)造性，還必須在機械制圖、運動學、工程材料、材料力學和機械制造工藝學等方面具有深厚的基礎知識。 如前所訴，機械設計的目的是生產能夠滿足人類需求的產品。發(fā)明、發(fā)現和科技知識本身并不一定能給人類帶來好處，只有當它們被應用在產品上才能產生效益。因而，應該認識到在一個特定的產品進行設計之前，必須先確定人們是否需要這種產品。 應當把機械設計看成是機械設計人員運用創(chuàng)造性的才能進行產品設計、系統(tǒng)分析和制定產品的制造工藝學的一個良機。掌握工程基礎知識要比熟記一些數據和公式更為重要。僅僅使用數據和公式是不足以在一個好的設計中做出所需的全部決定的。另一方面，應該認真精確的進行所有運算。例如，即使將一個小數點的位置放錯，也會使正確的設計變成錯誤的。 一個好的設計人員應該勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承擔一定的風險，當新的方法不適用時，就使用原來的方法。因此，設計人員必須要有耐心，因為 所花費的時間和努力并不能保證帶來成功。一個全新的設計，要求屏棄許多陳舊的，為人們所熟知的方法。由于許多人墨守成規(guī)，這樣做并不是一件容易的事。一位機械設計師應該不斷地探索改進現有的產品的方法，在此過程中應該認真選擇原有的、經過驗證的設計原理，將其與未經過驗證的新觀念結合起來。 新設計本身會有許多缺陷和未能預料的問題發(fā)生，只有當這些缺陷和問題被解決之后，才能體現出新產品的優(yōu)越性。因此，一個性能優(yōu)越的產品誕生的同時，也伴隨著較高的風險。應該強調的是，如果設計本身不要求采用全新的方法，就沒有必要僅僅為了變革的目的而采用新方法。 在設計的初始階段，應該允許設計人員充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性，不受各種約束。即使產生了許多不切實際的想法，也會在設計的早期，即繪制圖紙之前被改正掉。只有這樣，才不致于堵塞創(chuàng)新的思路。通常，要提出幾套設計方案，然后加以比較。很有可能在最后選定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。 心理學家經常談論如何使人們適應他們所操作的機器。設計人員的基本職責是努力使機器來適應人們。這并不是一項容易的工作，因為實際上并不存在著一個對所有人來說都是最優(yōu)的操作范圍和操作過程。 另一個重要問題，設計工程師必須能夠同其他有關人員進行交流和磋商。在開始階段，設計人員必須就初步設計同管理人員進行交流和磋商，并得到批準。這一般是通過口頭討論，草圖和文字材料進行的。為了進行有效的交流 ，需要解決下列問題： （1） 所設計的這個產品是否真正為人們所需要？ （2） 此產品與其他公司的現有同類產品相比有無競爭能力？ （3） 生產這種產品是否經濟？ （4） 產品的維修是否方便？ （5） 產品有無銷路？是否可以盈利？ 只有時間能對上述問題給出正確答案。但是， 產品的設計、制造和銷售只能在對上述問題的初步肯定答案的基礎上進行。設計工程師還應該通過零件圖和裝配圖，與制造部門一起對最終設計方案進行磋商。 通常 ，在制造過程中會出現某個問題?？赡軙髮δ硞€零件尺寸或公差作一些更改，使零件的生產變得容易。但是，工程上的更改必須要經過設計人員批準，以保證不會損傷產品的功能。有時，在產品的裝配時或者裝箱外運前的試驗中才發(fā)現設計中的某種缺陷。這些事例恰好說明了設計是一個動態(tài)過程?？偸谴嬖谥玫姆椒▉硗瓿稍O計工作，設計人員應該不斷努力，尋找這些更好的方法。 近些年來，工程材料的選擇已經顯得重要。此外，選擇過程應該是一個對材料的連續(xù)不斷的重新評價過程。新材料不斷出現，而一些原有的材料的能夠獲得的數量可能會減少。環(huán)境污染、材料的回收利用、工人的健康及安全等方面經常會對材料選擇附加新的限制條件。為了減輕重量或者節(jié)約能源，可能會要求使用不同的材料。來自國內和國際競爭、對產品維修保養(yǎng)方便性要求的提高和顧客的反饋等方面的壓力，都會促使人們對材料進行重新評價。由于材料選用不當造成的產品責任訴訟，已經產生了深刻的影響。此外，材料與材料加工之間的相互依賴關系已經被人們認識得更清楚。因此，為了能在合理的成本和確保質量的前提下獲得滿意的結果，設計工程師的制造工程師都必須認真仔細地選擇、確定和使用材料。 制造任何產品的第一步工作都是設計。設計通常可以分為幾個明確的階段：（a）初步設計；（b）功能設計；（c）生產設計。在初步設計階段，設計者著重考慮產品應該具有的功能。通常要設想和考慮幾個方案，然后決定這種思想是否可行；如果可行，則應該對其中一個或幾個方案作進一步的改進。在此階段，關于材料選擇唯一要考慮的問題是：是否有性能符合要求的材料可供選擇；如果沒有的話，是否有較大的把握在成本和時間都允許的限度內研制出一種新材料。 在功能設計和工程設計階段，要做出一個切實可行的設計。在這個階段要繪制出相當完整的圖紙，選擇并確定各種零件的材料。通常要制造出樣機或者實物模型，并對其進行試驗，評價產品的功能、可靠性、外觀和維修保養(yǎng)性等。雖然這種試驗可能會表明，在產品進入到生產階段之前，應該更換某些材料，但是，絕對不能將這一點作為不認真選擇材料的借口。應該結合產品的功能，認真仔細地考慮產品的外觀、成本和可靠性。一個很有成就的公司在制造所有的樣機時，所選用的材料應該和其生產中使用的材料相同，并盡可能使用同樣的制造技術。這樣對公司是很有好處的。功能完備的樣機如果不能根據預期的銷售量經濟地制造出來，或者是樣機與正式生產的裝置在質量和可靠性方面有很大不同，則這種樣機就沒有多大的價值。設計工程師最好能在這一階段完全完成材料的分析、選擇和確定工作，而不是將其留到生產設計階段去做。因為，在生產設計階段材料的更換是由其他人進行的，這些人對產品的所有功能的了解不如設計工程師。 在生產設計階段中，與材料有關的主要問題是應該把材料完全確定下來，使它們與現有的設備相適應，能夠利用現有設備經濟地進行加工，而且材料的數量能夠比較容易保證供應。 在制造過程中，不可避免地會出現對使用中的材料做一些更改的情況。經驗表明，可采用某些便宜材料作為替代品。然而，在大多數情況下，在進行生產以后改換材料要比在開始生產前改換材料所花費的代價要高。在設計階段做好材料選擇工作，可以避免多數這樣的情況。在生產制造開始后出現了可供使用的新材料是更換材料的最常見的原因。當然，這些新材料可能降低成本、改進產品的性能。但是，必須對新材料進行認真的評價，以確保其所有性能都滿足要求。應當記住，新材料的性能和可靠性很少像現有材料那樣為人們所了解。大部分的產品失效和產品責任事故案件是由于在選用新材料作為替代材料之前，沒有真正了解它們的長期使用性能而引起的。 產品的責任訴訟迫使設計人員和公司在選擇材料時，采用最好的程序。在材料過程中，五個最常見的問題為：（a）不了解或者不會使用關于材料應用方面的最新最好的信息資料；(b)未能預見和考慮擦黑年品可能的合理用途（如有可能，設計人員還應進一步預測和考慮由于產品使用方法不當造成的后果。在近年來的許多產品責任訴訟案件中，由于錯誤地使用產品而受到傷害的原告控告生產廠家，并且贏得判決）；(c)所使用的材料的數據不全或是有些數據不確定，尤其是當其長期性能數據是如此的時候；(d)質量控制方法不適當和未經驗證；(e)由一些完全不稱職的人員選擇材料。 通過對上述五個問題的分析，可以得出這些問題是沒有充分理由存在的結論。對這些問題的研究分析可以為避免這些問題的出現指明方向。盡管采用最好的材料選擇方法也不能避免發(fā)生產品責任訴訟，設計人員和工業(yè)界按照適當的程序進行材料選擇，可以大大減少訴訟的數量。 從以上的討論可以看出，選擇材料的人們應該對材料的性質，特點和加工方法有一個全面而基本的了解。 Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain? Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal. Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customer''s aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material. In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. I n the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. 寧波大紅鷹學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）文獻綜述 課題： 所在學院： 專 業(yè)： 班 級： 姓 名： 學 號： 指導教師： 2016 年 3 月 31 日 一、選題的背景及意義 中國古代的高轉筒車和提水的翻車，是現代斗式提升機和刮板輸送機的雛形；17世紀中，開始應用架空索道輸送散狀物料；19世紀中葉，各種現代結構的輸送機相繼出現。1868年，在英國出現了帶式輸送機；1887年，在美國出現了螺旋輸送機；1905年，在瑞士出現了鋼帶式輸送機；1906年，在英國和德國出現了慣性輸送機。此后，輸送機受到機械制造、電機、化工和冶金工業(yè)技術進步的影響，不斷完善，逐步由完成車間內部的輸送，發(fā)展到完成在企業(yè)內部、企業(yè)之間甚至城市之間的物料搬運，成為物料搬運系統(tǒng)機械化和自動化不可缺少的組成部分。 輸送機一般按有無牽引件來進行分類。具有牽引件的輸送機一般包括牽引件、承載構件、驅動裝置、張緊裝置、改向裝置和支承件等。牽引件用以傳遞牽引力，可采用輸送帶、牽引鏈或鋼絲繩；承載構件用以承放物料，有料斗、托架或吊具等；驅動裝置給輸送機以動力，一般由電動機、減速器和制動器(停止器)等組成；張緊裝置一般有螺桿式和重錘式兩種，可使牽引件保持一定的張力和垂度，以保證輸送機正常運轉；支承件用以承托牽引件或承載構件，可采用托輥、滾輪等。具有牽引件的輸送機的結構特點是：被運送物料裝在與牽引件連結在一起的承載構件內，或直接裝在牽引件(如輸送帶)上，牽引件繞過各滾筒或鏈輪首尾相連，形成包括運送物料的有載分支和不運送物料的無載分支的閉合環(huán)路，利用牽引件的連續(xù)運動輸送物料。這類的輸送機種類繁多，主要有帶式輸送機、板式輸送機、小車式輸送機、自動扶梯、自動人行道、刮板輸送機、埋刮板輸送機、斗式輸送機、斗式提升機、懸掛輸送機和架空索道等。沒有牽引件的輸送機的結構組成各不相同，用來輸送物料的工作構件亦不相同。它們的結構特點是：利用工作構件的旋轉運動或往復運動，或利用介質在管道中的流動使物料向前輸送。例如，輥子輸送機的工作構件為一系列輥子，輥子作旋轉運動以輸送物料；螺旋輸送機的工作構件為螺旋，螺旋在料槽中作旋轉運動以沿料槽傳送物料；振動輸送機的工作構件為料槽，料槽作往復運動以輸送置于其中的物料等。 以上所介紹的為散料輸送機械,輸送機械按使用的用途分可以分為:散料輸送機械(如:帶式輸送機\螺旋輸送機\斗式提升機\大傾角輸送機等)?！? 帶式輸送機由驅動裝置拉緊裝置輸送帶中部構架和托輥組成輸送帶作為牽引和承載構件，借以連續(xù)輸送散碎物料或成件品?！　捷斔蜋C是一種摩擦驅動以連續(xù)方式運輸物料的機械。應用它，可以將物料在一定的輸送線上，從最初的供料點到最終的卸料點間形成一種物料的輸送流程。它既可以進行碎散物料的輸送，也可以進行成件物品的輸送。除進行純粹的物料輸送外，還可以與各工業(yè)企業(yè)生產流程中的工藝過程的要求相配合，形成有節(jié)奏的流水作業(yè)運輸線。所以帶式輸送機廣泛應用于現代化的各種工業(yè)企業(yè)中。 在礦山的井下巷道、礦井地面運輸系統(tǒng)、露天采礦場及選礦廠中，廣泛應用帶式輸送機。它用于水平運輸或傾斜運輸。 通用帶式輸送機由輸送帶、托輥、滾筒及驅動、制動、張緊、改向、裝載、卸載、清掃等裝置組成。　　 ①輸送帶 常用的有橡膠帶和塑料帶兩種。 橡膠帶適用于工作環(huán)境溫度-15～40°C之間。物料溫度不超過50°C。向上輸送散粒料的傾角12°～24°。對于大傾角輸送可用花紋橡膠帶。塑料帶具有耐油、酸、堿等優(yōu)點，但對于氣候的適應性差，易打滑和老化。帶寬是帶式輸送機的主要技術參數。 ②托輥 分單滾筒（膠帶對滾筒的包角為210°～230°）、雙滾筒（包角達350°）和多滾筒（用于大功率）等。有槽形托輥、平形托輥、調心托輥、緩沖托輥。槽形托輥（由2～5個輥子組成）支承承載分支，用以輸送散粒物料；調心托輥用以調整帶的橫向位置，避免跑偏；緩沖托輥裝在受料處，以減小物料對帶的沖擊。 ③滾筒 分驅動滾筒和改向滾筒。驅動滾筒是傳遞動力的主要部件。分單滾筒（膠帶對滾筒的包角為210°～230°）、雙滾筒（包角達350°）和多滾筒（用于大功率）等。 ④張緊裝置 其作用是使輸送帶達到必要的張力，以免在驅動滾筒上打滑，并使輸送帶在托輥間的撓度保證在規(guī)定范圍內。 平面曲柄滑塊機構是一種常用的機構，有著廣泛的應用。對這個問題做出深入的研究是有意義的。對于給定對應位移的平面曲柄──滑塊機構進行綜合，通常采用位置矩陣法和圖解法。利用位移矩陣法求解，需要求解非線性方程組。不僅要給出迭代初值，而且只能求出一個解。利用幾何法作圖法對于給定曲柄和滑塊兩對、三對對應位置關系設計曲柄──滑塊機構的問題，可以十分簡單地加以解決。而對于復雜的問題，如要求曲柄和滑塊實現四對五對對應位置，這時用作圖法是難以實現的。在研究用曲柄──滑塊機構的相對極與曲柄轉角及滑塊位移的基礎上，采用計算機符號推導，能導出了平面曲柄──滑塊機構綜合問題的一元三次方程。從而不給初值就可以求出問題的全部解。連續(xù)法則通過構造初始方程，采用二次齊化技術求出了全部解。研究該機構的方法眾多，不同的方法其側重點不一樣但是都具有很大的研究意義。 二、國內外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢 1. 曲柄滑塊機構設計的基本問題 曲柄滑塊機構設計的基本問題是根據給定的要求選定機構的型式，確定各構件的尺寸，同時還要滿足結構設計（如要求存在曲柄、桿長比恰當等），動力條件（如適當的傳動角等）和運動連續(xù)條件等。 根據機械的用途和性能要求的不同，對曲柄滑塊機構設計的要求是多種多樣的，但這些設計要求可歸納為以下三類問題： （1）滿足預定的運動規(guī)律要求 如要求連架桿的轉角能夠滿足預定的對應位置關系；或要求在原動件運動規(guī)律一定的條件下，從動件能夠準確地或近似地滿足預定的運動規(guī)律要求。 （2）滿足預定的滑塊位置要求 即要求連桿能占據一系列的預定位置。因這類設計問題要求機構能引導連桿按一定方位通過預定位置，故又成為剛體引導問題。 （3）滿足預定的軌跡要求 即要求在機構運動過程中，連桿上某些點的軌跡能符合預定的軌跡要求。曲柄滑塊機構的設計方法有解析法、作圖法、和實驗法。 2. 研究概況 近年來對平面曲柄滑塊機構的研究，不論從研究范上還是方法上豆油很大進展。已不再局限于單自由度機構的研究，也已經注意到對多自由度平面機構的研究，并已提出了一些有關這類機構的分析及綜合的方法。在設計要求上已不再局限于運動學要求，而是同時兼顧機構的動力學特性，特別是對于高速機械，考慮構件彈性變形的運動彈性動力學也得到很快的發(fā)展。在研究方法上，優(yōu)化方法和計算機輔助設計的應用已成為研究曲柄滑塊機構的重要方法，并已相應地編制出大量的，適用范圍廣、計算機時少、使用方便的通用軟件。隨著計算機技術的發(fā)展和現代數學工具的日益完善，以前不容易解決的復雜平面曲柄滑塊機構的設計問題，正在逐步得到解決。曲柄滑塊機構是各種機器裝置中一種常用的傳動機構.然而,機構的運動學性能分析比較困難,難以在機構設