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The Tiger P50 1. Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger can illuminate each other? The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty. 2. What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express? The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger ’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities The tiger is the embodiment of Gods power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the first part, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fif th part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand. The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18 ’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn ’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings. Ode to the West Wind P83西風頌 第一節(jié) 哦，狂暴的西風，秋之生命的呼吸！你無形，但枯死的落葉被你橫掃， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫師，紛紛逃避：黃的，黑的，灰的，紅得像患肺癆， 呵，重染疫癘的一群：西風呵，是你 以車駕把有翼的種子催送到 黑暗的冬床上，它們就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低賤， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上響遍， 喚出嫩芽，像羊群一樣，覓食空中）將色和香充滿了山峰和平原。 不羈的精靈呵，你無處不遠行；破壞者兼保護者：聽吧，你且聆聽！ 第二?節(jié) 沒入你的急流，當高空一片混亂，流云象大地的枯葉一樣被撕扯 脫離天空和海洋的糾纏的枝干。成為雨和電的使者：它們飄落 在你的磅礴之氣的蔚藍的波面，有如狂女的飄揚的頭發(fā)在閃爍， 從天穹的最遙遠而模糊的邊沿 直抵九霄的中天，到處都在搖曳 欲來雷雨的卷發(fā)，對瀕死的一年 你唱出了葬歌，而這密集的黑夜 將成為它廣大墓陵的一座圓頂，里面正有你的萬鈞之力的凝結(jié)； 那是你的渾然之氣，從它會迸涌黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你聽！ 第三節(jié)? 是你，你將藍色的地中海喚醒，而它曾經(jīng)昏睡了一整個夏天， 被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入夢，就在巴亞海灣的一個浮石島邊， 它夢見了古老的宮殿和樓閣在水天輝映的波影里抖顫， 而且都生滿青苔、開滿花朵，那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，為了給你 讓一條路，大西洋的洶涌的浪波把自己向兩邊劈開，而深在淵底 那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林雖然枝葉扶疏，卻沒有精力； 聽到你的聲音，它們已嚇得發(fā)青：一邊顫栗，一邊自動萎縮：哦，你聽！ 第四節(jié)? 哎，假如我是一片枯葉被你浮起，假如我是能和你飛跑的云霧， 是一個波浪，和你的威力同喘息，假如我分有你的脈搏，僅僅不如 你那么自由，哦，無法約束的生命！假如我能像在少年時，凌風而舞 便成了你的伴侶，悠游天空（因為呵，那時候，要想追你上云霄， 似乎并非夢幻），我就不致像如今這樣焦躁地要和你爭相祈禱。 哦，舉起我吧，當我是水波、樹葉、浮云！我跌在生活底荊棘上，我流血了！ 這被歲月的重軛所制服的生命原是和你一樣：驕傲、輕捷而不馴。 第五節(jié)? 把我當作你的豎琴吧，有如樹林：盡管我的葉落了，那有什么關(guān)系！ 你巨大的合奏所振起的音樂將染有樹林和我的深邃的秋意： 雖憂傷而甜蜜。呵，但愿你給予我狂暴的精神！奮勇者呵，讓我們合一！ 請把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，讓它像枯葉一樣促成新的生命！ 哦，請聽從這一篇符咒似的詩歌，就把我的話語，像是灰燼和火星 從還未熄滅的爐火向人間播散！讓預言的喇叭通過我的嘴唇 把昏睡的大地喚醒吧！西風啊，如果冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎? Shelly 雪萊 Ode To The West Wind Shelley was an idealist and most of his nature poems are about the need for revolution and a desire to break the status quo. Ode to the West Wind is no different. Here Shelley sees the west wind as a symbol of revolution, of a new world order that would replace the old one. He identifies with the wind in that he knows that just as the west wind spells the arrival of the new year, similarly his poetic ideas will usher in a new world order and change the present world for the better. The poem has a note of despair when he says: I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleedbut soon enough he gains his composure and towards the end hes filled with hope and optimism which is expressed beautifully in the last two lines:When winter comes, can spring be far behind? Ode to the West Wind Theme of Man and the Natural World In "Ode to the West Wind," Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him. 1. In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver? West wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation. It is a destroyer of the old, decaying and valueless things (such as dead leaves), blowing over the land, drives away the dead leaves. Shelly shows the irony of the wind that acts in a contradictory manner.(use and Describe the words that show the potential strength and use effective language)It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere, it spreads the seeds and they lie two inches beneath the ground and eventually sprout into seedlings. 2. What is the relation between the West Wind and the poet? In "Ode to the West Wind," Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him. The speaker of the poem appeals to the West Wind to infuse （ 灌輸，影響） him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas. 3. As “the trumpet of prophecy”, what does the west wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically? As the speaker of "Ode to the West Wind" feels himself waning and decaying, he begs the wind to use him as an instrument, inhabit him, distribute his ideas, or prophesy through his mouth. He hopes to transform himself by uniting his own spirit with the larger "Spirit" of the West Wind and of Nature itself. The speaker wishes that the wind could affect him the way it does leaves and clouds and waves. Because it can’t, he asks the wind to play him like an instrument, bringing out his sadness in its own musical lament. Maybe the wind can even help him to send his ideas all over the world; even if they’re not powerful in their own right, his ideas might inspire others. The sad music that the wind will play on him will become a prophecy. The West Wind of autumn brings on a cold, barren period of winter, but isn’t winter always followed by a spring? John Keats: Ode on a Grecian Urn p85希臘古甕頌 你，嫁給靜寂的，童貞的新娘， 你，被靜默和悠遠收養(yǎng)的孩子， 林野的史家，擅長在畫上宣揚 艷壓詩篇的，繁花一般的傳奇： 身上環(huán)繞的，綠葉緣飾的傳說 講述神還是凡人，或兼有兩者？ 在騰佩，或懷抱溪谷的阿卡迪？ 什么人或神？少女竟如此難惹？ 多瘋的追求？怎樣掙扎的逃脫？ 什么笛子手鼓？多野性的狂喜？ 清歌聞之甚美，然而未聽見的 更妙；婉轉(zhuǎn)的笛子，請你吹吧 不是為感官的雙耳，你要變得 更奇妙，為精神吹出無聲的歌： 碧樹下的美少年，你不會離開 你的歌，綠蔭也不會拋開樹木 莽撞的戀人，你永世都吻不上， 雖然萬分接近——但不要悲哀， 她與衰老無緣，雖無艷?？上?， 你卻永墜愛河，如她芳華常駐！ 啊，喜悅層生的枝條！你不會 飄落綠葉，也不會向春天揮別； 而你，歡快的樂手，永不疲憊 永遠在吹奏，永遠新鮮的仙樂 更多歡暢的愛！更多幸福的愛！ 總是暖意融融，只等歡樂縱情 永遠都在搏動，永遠青春四射； 所有呼吸的人欲，都遠遠拋開 離開悲痛莫名的，厭煩的心靈， 高燒不退的額頭，焦渴的唇舌。 是一群什么人，趕來參加祭獻？ 對著天空鳴叫的，那頭小母牛， 絲滑的腰身上，圍著繽紛花環(huán) 噢，神秘的祭司，你把它牽走 要去哪座綠色祭壇？什么小鎮(zhèn) 在河畔還是海濱，還是在山間 傍著幽靜的山寨，為這鄉(xiāng)俗里 敬神的早晨，騰出所有的人民？ 你的街道永遠沉默，無人重返 就沒人講述，你為何如此孤寂。 噢，雅典的形體！情態(tài)的美妙！ 大理石的繁帶，密布男女身上 還有佳木的枝葉，踏過的野草 你，沉默的塑形，像永恒一樣 引我們超越思想：涼的田園詩！ 年華逝去，將催老我們這一輩， 你在別樣的悲傷中，不曾代謝 一個人類的朋友，對我們感喟 “美是真，真也是美” 這就是 你知道，和你需要知道的一切。 Matthew Arnold: Dover beach p120多佛海灘 馬修阿諾德 今夜海面平靜。 潮水漲滿，明月高懸 海峽之上；對面法國海岸 燈光明滅；英格蘭絕壁聳立； 遠處的寧靜海灣，閃爍、無邊。 快來窗邊，夜晚空氣如蜜甜！ 唯一的是，從那長長的海浪線， 從那大海和月光漂洗的土地交會之地， 聽??！你聽得見那嘎吱嘎吱的吶喊 那是海浪帶著卵石退去，又拋起， 再次回來時，將其送上高地， 一來，一去，周而復始， 有張有馳，不慌不急，帶來了 憂愁的永恒調(diào)子。 遠古的索?？死账?曾在愛琴海將它聽見，帶給 他腦子的是人類不幸之污濁的 落落起起；我們 在這聲音里也找到一個思想， 當在這遙遠的北海岸邊將它聽見。 信仰之海 也曾一度漲滿，圍繞地球的海岸 如同一卷明麗的腰帶伸展。 但如今我只能聽見 它憂郁、綿長、退卻的吶喊， 在后撤，和著夜風的 呼吸，撤下這個世界碩大陰沉的邊緣 和赤裸的碎石灘。 啊，愛人，讓我們彼此 忠誠堅貞！因為這個世界，它 像夢幻之地在我們面前攤開， 如此多樣，如此美麗，如此嶄新， 其實沒有歡樂，沒有愛情，也沒有光明 Novels: Araby P177 2. Chief qualities of the boy’s character? The boy is a natural character with which to begin a book because he possesses so many qualities attractive to readers. First, he is sensitive — sensitive enough to experience a wide range of feelings in spite of his tender age, including apparently contradictory combinations like fear and longing (at the end of the storys first paragraph), anger and puzzlement (while falling asleep), and, especially, "a sensation of freedom" in response to his mentors passing that surprises him and us. "I found it strange," the narrator says, "that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood." Second , he is intelligent — and not merely in the conventional sense of the word. Sure, he is brainy enough to absorb much of the arcane information shared with him by the priest. (It makes sense that he has grown into the articulate storyteller who shares the tale of Father Flynns influence upon him.) But the protagonist of "The Sisters" also possesses an intuitive understanding of how other human beings feel, think, and act — emotional intelligence, you might call it. It is no surprise that a boy so sensitive, so intelligent, would find himself somewhat alienated from others — cut off, fundamentally, from his family and peers. He appears to lack altogether a connection with his uncle, much less Old Cotter, and it is said that he rarely plays "with young lads of his own age." Even when he is in the company of his aunt and the priests sisters near storys end, the readers main sense of the boy is that he is alone. Unit 10 Great Expectation Character: Pip There are really two Pips in Great Expectations: Pip the narrator and Pip the character—the voice telling the story and the person acting it out. Dickens takes great care to distinguish the two Pips, imbuing the voice of Pip the narrator with perspective and maturity while also imparting how Pip the character feels about what is happening to him as it actually happens. This skillfully executed distinction is perhaps best observed early in the book, when Pip the character is a child; here, Pip the narrator gently pokes fun at his younger self, but also enables us to see and feel the story through his eyes…. 見前面 Theme Ambition and Self-Improvement: The moral theme of Great Expectations is quite simple: affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Crime, Guilt, and Innocence : The theme of crime, guilt, and innocence is explored throughout the novel largely through the characters of the convicts and the criminal lawyer Jaggers. Magwitch, for instance, frightens Pip at first simply because he is a convict, and Pip feels guilty for helping him because he is afraid of the police. By the end of the book, however, Pip has discovered Magwitch’s inner nobility, and is able to disregard his external status as a criminal. Prompted by his conscience, he helps Magwitch to evade the law and the police. As Pip has learned to trust his conscience and to value Magwitch’s inner character, he has replaced an external standard of value with an internal one.