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1、人教課標(biāo)版人教課標(biāo)版高二高二 選修選修6 6Unit 2Subjunctive Mood Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. 英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣, 陳述語氣陳述語氣, 祈祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。使語氣和虛擬語氣。2. 定義定義: 用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)用來表示說的話不是事實(shí), 或或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況者是不可能發(fā)生的情況, 而是一種愿而是一種愿望望, 建議建議, 假設(shè)的語氣叫假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。3. 在條件句中的應(yīng)用在條件句中的應(yīng)用 條件句可分為兩類條件句可分為兩類, 一類為真實(shí)條一類為真實(shí)條件句件句, 一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非

2、真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況可能性不大的情況, 故采用虛擬語故采用虛擬語氣。氣。1) 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣, 假設(shè)的情假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生況可能發(fā)生, 其中其中if是如果的意思。是如果的意思。2) 非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句用語虛擬語氣非真實(shí)條件句用語虛擬語氣, 假設(shè)的假設(shè)的情況不可能發(fā)生情況不可能發(fā)生, 或者可能性很小或者可能性很小, 其其中中if 是是“要是、如果要是、如果”的意思。的意思。即即:“要是要是就好了就好了”; “如如果果, 就會(huì)就會(huì)”1. If I had enough mon

3、ey, I would travel around the world.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we

4、could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.與將來事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反3) The meaning of the sentence of subjunctive mood. If he had come yesterday, I should/ would have told him about it. 含義含義: He did not come yesterday,

5、 so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含義含義: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.條件條件從句從句If 從句的謂語形從句的謂語形式式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)w

6、ould/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。二二. 虛擬語氣特殊句型虛擬語氣特殊句型:1. wish 的賓語的賓語從句從句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過去時(shí)（過去時(shí)（were）過去過去: 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)將來將來: would/could/might +V. should1. I wish I were a bird. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)2. I wish I hadnt ma

7、de such a mistake. (過去過去)3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (將來將來)I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。我希望和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。2) wish to do 表達(dá)法表達(dá)法 wish sb. / sth. to doI wish to see the manager. = I

8、want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在:過去過去:將來將來:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)3. as if /though + Cla

9、use 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (about/high) time +that過去時(shí)過去時(shí)should +V.你該走了。你該走了

10、。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們?cè)撊ノ覀冊(cè)撊ニX了。睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語氣。建議的虛擬語氣。賓語從句中常見動(dòng)詞賓語從句中常見動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持, 兩個(gè)兩個(gè)命令命令, 三個(gè)建議三個(gè)建議, 四個(gè)要求。四個(gè)要求。1) insist 2) order, command 3)

11、advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, desire 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 或者將或者將should省略。省略。我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a rest.他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。 He insisted that I (should) be present.國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑

12、。 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)

13、”, 即它們用于其即它們用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)時(shí), 賓賓語從句用陳述語氣。語從句用陳述語氣。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face sugge

14、sted that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句包括主語從句, 表語從句和同位語也要使表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣, 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of

15、 us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6. without和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be imp

16、ossible to live in the desert.7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us!要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！ If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary/stra

17、nge/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬, 即即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.9. 某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型: Heaven help him! God

18、bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!10. need “不必做不必做”和和“本不該做本不該做” didnt need to do 表示表示: 過去不必做過去不必做某事某事, 事實(shí)上也沒做。事實(shí)上也沒做。 neednt have done 表示表示: 過去不必做過去不必做某事某事, 但事實(shí)上做了。但事實(shí)上做了。約翰開車去車站接瑪麗約翰開車去車站接瑪麗, 所以她不必步所以她不必步行回家了。行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,

19、 so she didnt need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗約翰開車去車站接瑪麗, 所以她本不必所以她本不必步行回家了。步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家步行回家,沒有遇沒有遇上上John的車。的車。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not

20、hurry D. neednt have hurried典型例題典型例題答案答案D。neednt have done. 意為意為“本不必本不必”, 即已經(jīng)做了某事即已經(jīng)做了某事, 而實(shí)際上不必要。而實(shí)際上不必要。mustnt have done用法不正確用法不正確, 對(duì)過對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldnt have done, “不可能已經(jīng)不可能已經(jīng)”。 must not do 不可以不可以 (用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))三三. 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn): 1. 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的

21、時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致, 叫做叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。條件從句中有假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。條件從句中有should, were, had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把三個(gè)助動(dòng)

22、詞可以把if省略省略, 并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake

23、again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 3. 謂語動(dòng)詞以謂語動(dòng)詞以should + have done的形式出的形式出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候現(xiàn)的時(shí)候, 表示過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做的表示過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做的事情事情, 從而表示一種責(zé)備的語氣。從而表示一種責(zé)備的語氣。e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework

24、 yesterday. 2) You should have come here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.注意：注意： 在虛擬語氣的從句中在虛擬語氣的從句中, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be的過的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were, 不用不用was, 即在從即在從句中句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你如果我是你, 就會(huì)去找他。就會(huì)去找他。If he were here, everything would be all

25、 right. 如果他在這兒如果他在這兒, 一切都會(huì)好的。一切都會(huì)好的。_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I典型例題典型例題答案答案C. 注意注意: 在虛擬條件狀語從句中在虛擬條件狀語從句中, 省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說而不能說 Werent I to do.Exercises I 1. You _ to the meeti

26、ng yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come2. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. haveD. will3. Here is some money in case you _ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need4. He dema

27、nded that the classroom _ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned5. But for your carelessness, we _. A. should have succeeded B. had succeeded C. would have succeeded D. succeeded6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has

28、 broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has8. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D

29、. had been9. I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended D. could have attended10. My suggestion is that we _ the sports met. A. would put off B. should put off C. putted off D. be put off11. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. i

30、s made C. would be made D. was made12. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. to come C. came D. will come13. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finishedII. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。完整

31、。1. Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I _ (都不會(huì)相信的都不會(huì)相信的). 2. If I should be free tomorrow, I _ (會(huì)和你一起去會(huì)和你一起去).3. If you had listened to the doctor, you _ (現(xiàn)在一切都好了現(xiàn)在一切都好了).would be all right nowwouldnt have believed itwould go with you4. Had Mark been in charge, it _ (就不會(huì)發(fā)生就不會(huì)發(fā)生了了). 5. Looking roun

32、d the town, he felt as though he _ (已經(jīng)離開了好多年已經(jīng)離開了好多年).had been away for many yearswouldnt have happenedIII. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. If I _ (know) more about giving first aid, I _ (help) them when the accident happened.2. If I _ (be) a man, I _ (run) for president.3. Do you think the thief e

33、ntered through the side door?No, if he _ (have), he _ _(not break) the window of the living room.had knowncould have helpedwerewould runhad hadwouldnthave broken4. I would rather you _ (stay) at home last night.5. I wish that the rain _ (stop) immediately.6. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for many years.had beenhad stayedwould stop