《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第3編語法突破 第5講 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第3編語法突破 第5講 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件（25頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第五講第五講 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一直是高考的熱點(diǎn)，也是備考的難點(diǎn)。高動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一直是高考的熱點(diǎn)，也是備考的難點(diǎn)。高考側(cè)重對考側(cè)重對一般時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的考查。對語態(tài)的考查側(cè)重于：三種常見形式的被動語態(tài)、的考查。對語態(tài)的考查側(cè)重于：三種常見形式的被動語態(tài)、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)、不能使用被動語態(tài)的一些動詞。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)、不能使用被動語態(tài)的一些動詞。解決時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)問題，要遵循如下解題思路：1這件事情說的是什么時(shí)候的事情或情況？(定“時(shí)”)2這個(gè)動作處于什么狀態(tài)，是完成了，還是未完成，還是既不表示完成又不表示進(jìn)行？(定“

2、體”)3這個(gè)動詞與主語的關(guān)系，是主動還是被動？(定“語態(tài)”) 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)(以work為例) 動作時(shí)間一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在works/work過去workedhad workedhad been working將來過去過去將來將來時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常用often，usually，every day等時(shí)間狀語。He goes to school every day.(經(jīng)常性動作)他每天去上學(xué)。He is very happy.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))他很高興。2.表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作，(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語)但限于少數(shù)動詞。如begin，

3、come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。The train starts at nine in the morning?；疖囋缟暇劈c(diǎn)鐘開。時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3.表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞，如be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I like English very much.我很喜歡英語。4.表示永恒的狀態(tài)或真理。The moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)5.時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表、節(jié)目單、課程表等按規(guī)定將要發(fā)生

4、的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。The train leaves at 8 oclock.火車將于8點(diǎn)發(fā)車。6.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。If you come this afternoon，well have a meeting.如果下午你來，我們就開會時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表贊嘆或厭惡等(常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用)He is always thinking of others.(贊許)He is constantly leaving his things about.(不滿)Th

5、e children are always making trouble.(厭惡)2.表示最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作，常限于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear等動詞He is starting the work in a few minutes.A foreign guest is giving a lecture in English this afternoon.He is staying with us for a few weeks next year.一般過去時(shí)1.一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作

6、或存在的狀態(tài)，常和a moment ago；half an hour ago；just now；yesterday；last week；in 2005；in those days；at that time等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.昨天他看見王先生了。He worked in a factory in 1986.1986年他在一家工廠做工。2.表示過去時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。During the vacation I often swam/would swim in the sea.假期期間我常在大海里游泳。After lunch，we

7、 usually played on the school field.午飯后，我們通常在操場上玩耍。Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass.有時(shí)，我只是在樹下或坐在草地上休息。3.在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的動作He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.He said he would let us know if he got any news.時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示說話人過去對

8、主語的行為贊嘆、厭惡等，常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用He was always thinking of his work at that time.(贊嘆)2.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作，一般僅限于go，come，leave，start，arrive，stay等動詞。He said that he was coming to see you the next month.時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例一般將來時(shí)will動詞原形動詞原形1.(按自然規(guī)律)必然會2.表示事先未考慮的意圖3.表示說話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望、假定(在遙遠(yuǎn)的)將來要發(fā)生的事4.(科技中)表示事物的傾

9、向性或規(guī)律性5.用在正式的天氣預(yù)報(bào)中He will be thirty years old next year.I believe China will become one of the richest countries in the world.Oil and water will not mix.There will be rain tomorrow.Fog will persist in this area.be going to do.1.(事先考慮)打算，決定做2.某種客觀跡象預(yù)示即將會3.(用于條件句表將來)打算Look at the clouds.There is going

10、 to be a storm.If you are going to attend the meeting，youd better leave now.時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例一般將來時(shí)be to do.1.(按計(jì)劃、安排)打算；將要做2.(按命令、指示、約定、要求、職責(zé)、義務(wù)等)必須、必要、應(yīng)該做，相當(dāng)于should，ought to，must，have to3.表示注定會發(fā)生4.(用于條件句)想；想要做A new bridge is to be built over the river soon.You are to do your homework before you watch TV.If

11、you are to pass the exams，youll have to study harder from now on.be about to do即將，正要做(不與時(shí)間狀語連用，意同be on the point of doing)Look！The race is about to start.時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。由“should或would動詞原形”構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should，其他人稱用would。They were sure that they would succeed.他們確信他們會成功?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示過去發(fā)生或

12、完成的某個(gè)動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或造成的結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語有already，just(剛剛)，yet，never，before等。He has turned off the light.(The light is off now.)他關(guān)掉燈了。The concert has started.(The concert is on now.)音樂會開始了。2.表示開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)(也許還將持續(xù)下去)。常用的時(shí)間狀語有：lately，recently，in the last/past few days/years(在過去的這幾天/年里)，since then

13、，up to now，so far(至今)等。He has studied English for 5 years.他學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)五年了。He has studied English since 1985.自從1985年以來他就學(xué)習(xí)英語。3.還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)完成的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)此動作先于主句動作發(fā)生。Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.我做完了作業(yè)就去你家。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公交車停穩(wěn)才能下車。時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例過去完成時(shí)1.表示過去某一時(shí)

14、刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university.我上大學(xué)之前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了5000個(gè)英語單詞了。2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間的動作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有：by then，by that time，until，by the end of，b

15、efore 2000，by the time句子等By then he had learned English for 3 years.Until then he had known nothing about it yet.時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例過去完成時(shí)3.表示過去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃，常用動詞有hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend等I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.(但未能如愿)I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment

16、.4.This was/It was the first/second.timethat從句，that從句用過去完成時(shí)It was一段時(shí)間since從句，since從句中用過去完成時(shí)It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.5.hardly/scarcely/barely.when.和no sooner.than.結(jié)構(gòu)中，hardly，no sooner所在句子用過去完成時(shí)，when和than從句中用過去時(shí)，表示“

17、一就”Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例易混時(shí)態(tài)用法比較一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)所表示的過去時(shí)間是具體確定的，與其他時(shí)間沒有牽連。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示事情已發(fā)生，它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在的情況有關(guān)系，是過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果I have taught in the school since 1989.自從1989年起，我一直在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。I taught in the school in 1989.1989年，我在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是

18、動作已完成，著重結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動作，這個(gè)動作仍在繼續(xù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動作的重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性I have painted my new house.(強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成)I have been painting my new house.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作還在繼續(xù))Have you been meeting him recently？(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的反復(fù))Have you met him recently？(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果)時(shí)態(tài)用法典句示例過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作，而一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或存

19、在的狀態(tài)2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)同forever，constantly，always等連用，略帶感情色彩，而一般過去時(shí)則表示客觀陳述She was reading at 8 yesterday.She went out just now.特別提醒：瞬間動詞又叫非延續(xù)性動詞、終止性動詞。瞬間動詞可以用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不可以接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語，若要接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語，需要做一些相應(yīng)的變換。瞬間動詞的否定式可以接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如：()He has come to Beijing since last year.()He has lived in Beijing since last year.()He

20、 has joined the army for 3 years.()He has served in the army for 3 years.()He joined the army 3 years ago.()He has been a soldier for 3 years.()It is 3 years since he joined the army.()He has joined the army.常見的瞬間動詞有：come，go，get to/reach/arrive at/in，leave，buy，sell，open，close，get up，join/take part i

21、n，begin/start，return/give，borrow/lend，become/turn，bring/take，die，finish/end，receive/hear from，marry，break，lose，jump等。動詞的語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/are givenam/is/are being givenhas/have been given過去was/were givenwas/were being givenhad been given將來shall/will be givenshall/will have been given過去將

22、來would be givenwould have been given二、主動表被動的情況種類主要用法典句示例連系動詞(其主語主要指物)用主動形式表被動含義。例如：feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay，appear等The cloth feels soft.The music sounds inspiring.種類主要用法典句示例不及物動詞(其主語多指物)表示主語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能的不及物動詞。例如：sell，read，draw，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn，act，cut，shut，eat，drink，lock等The

23、 kind of book sells well.The shirt washes well.不及物動詞或某些短語。例如：last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to，break out，go out，run out，shut off，turn off，work out等表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動”的動詞，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等The accident happened outside my house.It was almost midnight when a

24、 fire broke out in the neighborhood.Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 pm.every day.種類主要用法典句示例不定式的主動形式表示被動含義不定式用在easy，difficult，fit，hard，comfortable，pleasant，light，heavy，good，safe，dangerous，unfit等形容詞之后，且不定式與句子的主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動表被動，且不定式的賓語必須省略The girl is easy to get along wit

25、h.The problem is difficult to work out.若作定語用的不定式與其所修飾的名詞之間存在動賓關(guān)系，并與句子主語之間存在主謂關(guān)系，用主動形式表示被動含義I have a lot of work to do.She has something to say.種類主要用法典句示例不定式的主動形式表示被動含義某些作表語用的不定式，強(qiáng)調(diào)出租、責(zé)備等。此時(shí)常見的動詞有：let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等Am I to blame？The house is to let.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With a lot of problems to settle，she l

26、ooks a little anxious.種類主要用法典句示例動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義在need，want，require，deserve等詞后，用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，也可用不定式的被動形式The flowers need wateringThe flowers need to be watered.在形容詞worth后，用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于be worthy to be done或be worthy of being doneThe film is worth seeing.The film is worthy to be seen/of being seen.特別提醒：“get過去分詞”可以表示被動，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。如：She got married last week.她上周結(jié)婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed.他從汽車上摔下來，摔死了。