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1、第十二講第十二講 倒裝倒裝考點(diǎn)透析1英語句子一般排列語序?yàn)椤爸髡Z謂語”，這叫陳述語序。如果排列語序變?yōu)椤爸^語/謂語一部分主語”，就成了倒裝語序。英語倒裝句可分為以下兩種：完全倒裝：整個(gè)謂語移至主語前面。例如：Down came the brown waterfall.部分倒裝：只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語前面。例如：Only in this way can you improve your English.2not until引導(dǎo)的狀語在句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝。例如：(1)Not until the early years of the 19th century did man kno

2、w what heat is.(2)Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.3nor，little，few，never，seldom，hardly，scarcely等否定詞或者含有no/not的短語在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝，句子的謂語要用肯定形式。(1)Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?I dont know，nor do I care.(2)Not a single song did she

3、sing at yesterdays party.4“so形容詞/副詞that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so形容詞/副詞”部分在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。例如：(1)So difficult did I feel it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English.(2)So hard does he work that everyone admires him.5“only狀語”在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。這個(gè)狀語可以是一個(gè)副詞，也可以是一個(gè)介詞短語或狀語從句。例如：(1)Only with hard work c

4、an you expect to get a pay rise.(2)Only when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown.6as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，要把從句中的表語、狀語(副詞)放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝句型：形容詞/副詞/名詞as主語動(dòng)詞。例如：(1)Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. (Much as I have traveledAlthough I have traveled much)(2

5、)Child as he is，he knows a lot.(Child as he isThough he is a child)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)用倒裝語序翻譯下列小段落。昨天李華一回到家里就被父親叫進(jìn)了房間。父親顯得如此嚴(yán)肅，李華以為出了什么不好的事。但是，父親卻一言不發(fā)，李華也只能保持沉默。直到母親進(jìn)來了，父親才開始說話。他說：“你已長大了，不僅要好好學(xué)習(xí)， 還要幫媽媽做家務(wù)?！边@時(shí)李華才知道父親要出遠(yuǎn)門了。Yesterday，no sooner had Li Hua come back than he was called into his fathers room. So s

6、erious did he seem that Li Hua thought something terrible must have happened. But his father kept silent，so did Li Hua. Not until his mother came in did his father began to speak. He said，“Youve grown up now. Not only should you study hard but you should help your mother with the housework.” Only th

7、en did Li Hua know that his father would go far away from home.(二)單句填空按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1(2012上海卷)Only with the greatest of luck _she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.2(2012天津卷)Only when Mary read her composition the second time_ she notice the spelling mistake.diddid3(2012山

8、東卷)I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather._ am II cant stand all this rain.4(2012重慶卷)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _ he even give it a thought.5(2012四川卷)This is not my story, nor is _ the whole story. My story plays out differently.Sowillit6(2012江

9、西卷)Never before _she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.7(2012遼寧卷)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _he consider having a holiday abroad.8(2011全國卷)Try_ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.ashasdid語法填空綜合演練(一) Raising fish in ponds of standing water can work well

10、on a traditional farm. Animal and crop waste can be used to fertilize the pond 1._ feed the fish. And mud from the bottom of the pond can be used to fertilize the crops. Also, water for the farm can 2._ (store) in the pond with the fish. Pond farming is one kind of aquaculture (水產(chǎn)業(yè)). Other fish farm

11、s are connected to sources of free flowing watera lake, river or ocean. This way youandbe stored3._ not have to feed the fish. Fish can 4._ be raised in tanks, 5._ indoors or outdoors. Deciding which kind of fish to raise depends 6._ the water quality, salt content and temperature. The best idea, ex

12、perts say, is to raise fish that 7._ (normal) live in the source of water that you use. Also, you should remove wild fish, or else 8._ could eat your fish. mayalsoeitheronnormallytheyThe aquaculture(水產(chǎn)業(yè)) industry now provides almost half the fish 9._ (eat) worldwide. Fish farming is seen as an impor

13、tant way to help feed a 10._ (grow) world. But fish farms also require attention to environmental and food safety considerations. eatengrowing(二) If you are requesting a visa for the first time, you will probably have to go to 1._ American embassy or consulate. You will need to bring a government fo

14、rm sent to you 2._ your American school that shows you have been accepted. You will also need banking and tax records 3._ show you have enough money to pay for your education. And 4._ (prepare) to provide evidence that you will return to 5._ home country after your studies end. anbythatbe preparedyo

15、ur You should apply 6._ the visa as soon as you have been accepted to a school in the United States. The government needs time to perform a background investigation. You cannot receive a visa more than one hundred twenty days before the start of your program. And if you are coming 7._ a student for

16、the first time, you cannot enter the country more than thirty days 8._ classes begin. forasbefore Once you come to the United States, you can stay for the 9._ (long) of your period of study. Your school is required to provide the Department of Homeland Security 10._ reports on your status as a stude

17、nt. lengthwith(三) More Americans than ever are riding their bicycles to work instead of driving. They are doing this because of gas prices, a slowing economy and concerns 1._ the environment. Many Americans have been leaving their cars at home and 2._ (ride) to work on bicycles. They support bicycli

18、ng 3._fun, fitness and transportation. This is good news for the environment. Riding a bicycle to work does not burn fossil fuel or createridingaboutfordangerous pollutants. Experts say the effects are the 4._ important on short trips. Fifty percent of Americans drive eight kilometers or 5._ (few) t

19、o work. Shorter car trips release more pollution into the air for each kilometer 6._ (drive). This is 7._ the device in a car engine that reduces the harmfulness of emissions needs to warm up 8._ it can work well. Members of Congress have supported bicycling as 9._ (environment) friendly transportat

20、ion. mostfewerdrivenbecausebeforeenvironmentallyFor example, Minnesota Representative James Oberstar is 10._ strong supporter of bicycle use. He says cities, counties, state governments and state highway transportation agencies are planning the roadways of the future. They are creating roads and pat

21、hs for bicycles in cities and between communities. a(四) Americans traditionally gather for a large holiday meal with family and friends on Thanksgiving Day. Most schools are also closed on Friday for Thanksgiving break. Some students get all week 1._. So where does this leave international students?

22、 Dick Weis, the director of international programs says teachers and coaches invite international students to 2._ homes for Thanksgiving. Professor Weis is having six or seven at his house for the holiday. offtheir Local organizations also get involved, like a group 3._ (call) the Atlanta Ministry w

23、ith Interna tional Students. It arranges 4._ students in the Atlanta area to celebrate Thanksgiving with American families. In the Midwest, Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, has more than one thousand students. Fourteen of them this year are from 5._countries. Interna tional student adviser N

24、adia Sifri says they 6._ _ (connect) with local host familiescalledforother are connected7._ they first arrive. “The families provide a home away from home，” she says, and they 8._ (general) invite the students to spend Thanksgiving with them. Her office and the Study Abroad Office have a dinner 9._

25、 the holiday. Then, on Thanksgiving Day, local families bring food to a park to share with international students. And that evening, the students can go to another Thanksgiving meal 10._ (hold) by a service fraternity. whengenerallybeforeheld(五) Some vegetarians (素食者) do not eat any meat products or

26、 any food made from animal labor. This kind of diet is called a vegan diet. 1._ most vegetarians include dairy products in their diet and many vegetarians eat eggs. Some people consider 2._ partial vegetarians, because they do not eat meat 3._farm birds, but they do eat fish. Some vegetarians believ

27、e 4._ is more healthful to eat a plantbased diet. Vegetarians often have lowerButthemselvesoritcholesterol and blood 5._ as well as lower rates of some kinds of cancer and diabetes. And some vegetarians reject eating meat 6._ environmental reasons. Some studies show that the industry of raising larg

28、e farm animals leads to water and air pollution, land damage and climate change. The Vegetarian Resource Group in Baltimore, Maryland did a study in 2006 7._the number of vegetarians in the United States. About two pointpressureforonthree percent of the adults 8._ (question) said they were vegetarians. Six point seven percent said that they never eat meat. This was a small study, 9._ its results may not be very exact. But 10._ (early) studies have also found that about two percent of Americans say they are vegetarians.questionedsoearlier