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高考英語一輪復習 第3編語法突破 第11講 特殊句式(倒裝、省略和強調(diào)等)課件

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1、第十一講第十一講 特殊句式特殊句式(倒裝、省略和強調(diào)等)(倒裝、省略和強調(diào)等)近幾年來高考對省略、倒裝、強調(diào)及其他一些特殊句式的考查較多,不但考查各種句式的基本結(jié)構,而且考查在具體語境中的用法,以及與定語從句、狀語從句結(jié)合在一起的混合考查,有時還考查倒裝句和強調(diào)句的變形。從試卷看,這類題目的結(jié)構復雜程度及句意理解難度都加大了,并且注重知識類題目的情景也是近幾年高考命題的趨勢。省略句主要考查狀語從句中的省略。倒裝主要考查only狀語以及介詞、副詞、否定詞放在句首等。強調(diào)考查的是強調(diào)句型以及和其它句型混合在一起的用法。一、倒裝句用法一覽表類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前

2、)以here,there,in,up,down,away等副詞開頭,主語是名詞,謂語動詞多為be,come,go等副詞謂語主語There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.Out rushed a cat from under the table.以then,now,always,once,many a time,now and then,thus,such開頭,謂語動詞多為come,follow,begin,end,be,主語又是名詞時副詞謂語主語Now comes your turn.Often did I speak of him be

3、fore.Always does she ask me for money.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前)表地點的介詞短語位于句首,且謂語動詞為不及物動詞介詞短語謂語主語Between the two windows hangs a large map of China.Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.分詞或表語置于句首,為了保持句子平衡,以示強調(diào),或上下文銜接可倒裝Outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.Present at the meeting we

4、re experts from Europe.Gone are the days when we were poor.Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.such作表語時suchbe主語Such is life.Such is my reward.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)“only狀語”放于句首時/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語謂語其它部分Only then did I know the importance of learning.Only in this way can we solv

5、e the problem.Only after he finished the work did he leave.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never,nowhere,not,no,seldom,little,hardly,scarcely,barely,in no way,by no means,at no time,not until)位于句首時否定副詞或詞組助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語謂語其他部分Never before have I seen a moving film.Not until then d

6、id he realize his own fault.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)hardly/scarcely.when,no sooner.than,not only.but(also)等引導兩個分句時,前一個分句用部分倒裝,后一個分句不變hardly/no sooner/not only助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語謂語其他部分when/than/but also分句Hardly/No sooner had he arrived when/than she started complaining.Not only was the coa

7、t soft,but it was also warm.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)so/such.that中的so/such部分位于句首時soadj./adv.系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語謂語其他部分that從句So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)so

8、/neither/nor置于句首,意為“也”或“也不”,表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時so/neither/nor系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語. .They love having lots of friends,so do those with disabilities.Lily cant ride,neither/nor can Lucy.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)though/as引導讓步狀語從句時,意為“盡管”,通常把句中狀語、表語或動詞提前;若表語是名詞,其前不用冠詞Man as he was,he behaved l

9、ike a woman.Fail though he did,he would never give up.Old as/though he is,he is still working hard.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動詞,系動詞be,情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前)當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had,were或should時,如將if省略,則要將had,were或should移到主語之前Had/Were/Should主語謂語其他部分主句Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.特別提醒:1.there,here,now,the

10、n,up,down,in,away,off,out等副詞置于句首,但主語為人稱代詞時,不用倒裝。2.only雖在句首,但不修飾狀語時用正常語序。3.so表示“是的,確實”時,主謂語不倒裝。4.though引導的讓步狀語從句也可不用倒裝語序。5.當前面兩件事或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時,通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”Here you are.Then he left.Away they hurried.Only I can go there.It is hot.So it is.Though he is young,he knows a

11、 lot.Tom likes singing,but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.二、省略句用法一覽表種類要點歸納典句示例賓語從句由which,when,where或how引導的賓語從句中與主句重復的主語及謂語,可全部或部分省略,只保留一個連接代詞或連接副詞He will come back,but he doesnt know when(he will come back)引導賓語從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但要注意,及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時,只有第一個連詞that可省略He told me(that)she

12、 was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答語,后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定,賓語從句可省略Do you think it will rain?I hope not(that it will not rain)種類要點歸納典句示例定語從句在限制性定語從句中,關系代詞that,which,whom充當賓語,而且前面無介詞時可省略。關系代詞在從句中作表語時也可省略The car(which/that)his father gave him as a bir

13、thday present was stolen.China is no longer a country(that)it used to be.狀語從句當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時,可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞As(he was)a young man,he studied law and became a lawyer.He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.

14、If(it is)so,you must go back and get it.虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中,如含有had,were,should等助動詞,if可省略,句子要用倒裝Were I(If I were)twenty now,I would join the army.種類要點歸納典句示例動詞不定式不定式符號to的省略感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel,see,hear,notice,let,make,have等)后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略toMy mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.在do nothing but,cant help but,w

15、hy not,would rather.than.,prefer to do.rather than.等句式中Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bicycle.不定式省略使用不定式符號to來代替不定式后被省略的動詞,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后邊I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.在某些形容詞gla

16、d,happy,pleased,delighted,willing,ready,eager,anxious等后面Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have beenAre you a sailor?No,but I used to be.三、強調(diào)句用法一覽表種類要點歸納典句示例強調(diào)句It is/was.that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調(diào)。當強調(diào)部分為“人”時,可用that或who,其他情況下用thatIt was in the street that I saw

17、 him yesterday afternoon.在強調(diào)句中,當強調(diào)主語時,其后的謂語動詞應緊跟其主語,即人稱和數(shù)要一致It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady.It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film.種類要點歸納典句示例強調(diào)句如果原句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,強調(diào)句結(jié)構須用:It is.that/who.;如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài),則其結(jié)構須用It was.that/who.It was I who saw him in the str

18、eet yesterday afternoon.What is it that you want me to do?“not.until.”句型的強調(diào)結(jié)構為“It is/was not until.that.”It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句型為:疑問詞is/wasitthat/who.?Where was it that you met Jack yesterday?特別提醒:強調(diào)句與其他從句的區(qū)別強調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時間、距離、

19、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時所構成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強調(diào)句,可采用“還原法”,即把“It is/was.that/who”去掉。如果還原為一般句式后,句子各種成分完整,則是強調(diào)句,否則不是。種類要點歸納典句示例謂語動詞的強調(diào)do/does/did動詞原形Do come on Sunday.He did finish the task completely last week.1.強調(diào)句與定語從句的區(qū)別:定語從句中that是充當從句的成分的,而在強調(diào)結(jié)構中,that無任何意義。It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強調(diào)結(jié)構,tha

20、t無意義)湯姆是在公園里丟的那只手表。It was the street that he took a photo of.(定語從句,that充當從句中of的賓語)他就是給這條街照的相。2.強調(diào)句與主語從句的區(qū)別:it作形式主語,that引導真正的主語從句,去掉it be和that句式不完整。若為強調(diào)句式,去掉之后句式完整。It is a fact that he is an honest man.(主語從句)他是一個誠實的人,這是事實。It is he that is an honest man.(強調(diào)句)誠實的人是他。3.強調(diào)句與狀語從句的區(qū)別:尤其出現(xiàn)“it be時間”時,一定要區(qū)分是強

21、調(diào)句還是時間狀語從句。It was eight oclock when he came back.(時間狀語從句)當他回來時已經(jīng)8點了。It was at eight oclock that he came back.(強調(diào)句)就在8點鐘他回來了。 四、祈使句祈使句用來表達說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等,謂語動詞用動詞原形。其主語是you,往往省略。常見的祈使句句型如下:1動詞原形.如:Lay down your arms!放下武器!Be sure to get there before eight oclock.一定要在8點前趕到那兒。2Dont或Never動詞原形.如:Never go

22、out alone at night!不要在夜晚單獨出去!3Do動詞原形.(此句型表示強調(diào))。如:Do tell her about it.務必將此事告訴她。4主語動詞原形.如:Tom,you go and see whats happening.Tom,去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。You,girls,clean the desk;you,boys,sweep the floor.你們女生,擦桌子。你們男生,打掃地板。5祈使句表示假設的情況(1)“祈使句and陳述句(一般將來時)”。它的兩種特殊形式:名詞詞組and陳述句名詞詞組中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等詞。

23、One step further and youll fall down.再多走一步,你就會掉下去。Just a little patience and well look into it soon.耐心點兒,我們很快就會調(diào)查此事。祈使句破折號陳述句Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.嘗嘗這種果汁,也許你會喜歡的。 (2)“祈使句or/otherwise陳述句”。相當于“if.not主句”。Hurry up or well be late for the meeting.If we dont hurry up,well be late for the meeting.快點,不然我們開會就遲到了。

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