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1、學(xué)案一各司其職的句子成分寫作運(yùn)用探究句子由多個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，這些組成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語和同位語等。明確句子各部分的功用就能最大限度地減少病句的出現(xiàn)。一、主語主語是說明謂語所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者，通常由名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)或從句等充當(dāng)。高考佳句What impresses us most are your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.(2016天津，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)給我們印象最深的是你的藝術(shù)技巧，在其中你表現(xiàn)出杰出的才能。Planning

2、 is good as it decides in detail how we do.(2016浙江，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)規(guī)劃是好的因?yàn)樗敿?xì)地決定了我們?nèi)绾巫?。The three selections presented above are typical examples.(2015江蘇，書面表達(dá))以上呈現(xiàn)的三種選擇是典例。Today，more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.(2014江蘇，書面表達(dá))現(xiàn)在越來越多的英語詞匯進(jìn)入漢語語言?！炯磿r(shí)演練】完成句子1._ is about the book do

3、nation from our school to your Chinese class.(2015天津，滿分作文) 我打算告訴你的是關(guān)于我們學(xué)校向你們中文班贈(zèng)書之事。2.Sometimes_ can mean getting more.(2015浙江，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文) 有時(shí)放棄一些東西可能意味著得到的更多。3._ is the second thing you should learn.(2014江西，滿分作文) 如何與別人友好相處是你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)的第二件事。答案1.What I am going to tell you2.giving up a little 3.How to get along w

4、ell with others二、謂語謂語用來描述主語的行為動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征，只能由動(dòng)詞(短語)充當(dāng)，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。高考佳句Therefore，I hold a positive attitude towards on-line voting.(2016江蘇，書面表達(dá))所以對(duì)于網(wǎng)上投票我持贊成態(tài)度。Im applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation.(2016全國(guó)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)我打算在暑假期間在我的城市申請(qǐng)一份在一家外國(guó)公司的兼職的工作。Once we we

5、re left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.(2015浙江，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)有一次讓我們決定是到公園野餐還是去博物館。【即時(shí)演練】完成句子4.I_to apply for the position as a student volunteer.(2015陜西，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文) 我在寫信申請(qǐng)擔(dān)任學(xué)生志愿者這個(gè)職位。5.Half an hour later，I _ to find the right answer.(2015湖北，短文寫作) 半小時(shí)后，我設(shè)法找到了正確答案。6.After many times o

6、f failure，I _at last.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，滿分作文) 失敗多次之后，我終于成功了。答案4.am writing5.managed6.succeeded三、賓語賓語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，通常位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的后面。賓語通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語和從句等充當(dāng)。高考佳句As for our class，we decided to take full advantage of waste materials.(2016北京，滿分作文)至于我們班，我們決定充分利用廢舊材料。I know you take good pictures and youve alw

7、ays wanted to do something for environmental protection.(2016全國(guó)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)我知道你拍照很好，你一直想為環(huán)保做些事情。But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. (2015江蘇，書面表達(dá))但是僅有規(guī)則是無法保證良好的社會(huì)秩序。【即時(shí)演練】完成句子7.Suddenly he thought of _ before setting out. 他突然想在啟程之前再看看這座城市的美景。8.First of all，I think _ very important_. 首先，我認(rèn)為在國(guó)外多交

8、朋友是非常重要的。答案7.seeing the beautiful views of the city again8.it；to make more friends abroad四、定語定語是用來描述名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的，常和名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語。可以用作定語的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語和從句等。高考佳句The theme of the show is environmental protection.(2016全國(guó)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)這個(gè)展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。I have written my application letter and my resume，

9、which are enclosed in the attachment.(2016全國(guó)，滿分作文)我寫了我的求職信和簡(jiǎn)歷，并放在了附件中。In spite of the large scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.(2015江蘇，書面表達(dá))盡管大量建設(shè)公路與高速公路，仍然有很大的完善空間，因?yàn)檫@些年小汽車數(shù)量的不斷增加。As the numbe

10、r of English learners is on the rise，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.(2014江蘇，書面表達(dá))學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)量在增加，對(duì)于他們來說在漢語語境中不難理解這些詞匯?！炯磿r(shí)演練】完成句子9.Finally，I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life，_.(2015安徽，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文) 最后，我要問一些關(guān)于他個(gè)人生活的問題，這一定很有趣。10.Youve introduced tw

11、o ways _.(2015重慶，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文) 你介紹了兩種分享書籍的方法。答案9.which must be very interesting10.to share books五、狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分叫狀語。常由副詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、獨(dú)立主格和從句等充當(dāng)。高考佳句If its convenient for you，lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.(2016全國(guó)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)如果你方便，咱們?cè)?8：30 在校門口見。When the craftsman came into the classr

12、oom，we gave him a warm welcome.(2015北京，滿分作文)當(dāng)這位藝人走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，我們表示熱烈歡迎。It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.(2015江蘇，書面表達(dá))為了保持社會(huì)秩序，并使其走入正軌遵守規(guī)則是每個(gè)人的職責(zé)。Generally，I am in favour of the conclusion.總體來說，我贊成這個(gè)結(jié)論。(2014江蘇，書面表達(dá))【即時(shí)演練】完成句子11.After a weeks tri

13、p，he returned home，_. 旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高興。12._，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster. 為了解決這個(gè)問題，我和同學(xué)們進(jìn)行了討論，想出了一個(gè)建議并匯報(bào)給了校長(zhǎng)。答案11.tired but very happy12.In order to solve this problem六、補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語的性質(zhì)、多由形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。高考佳句This p

14、roject broadened our horizons and made us learn many things.(2016天津，滿分作文)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目拓寬我們的視野，讓我們學(xué)到許多東西。Hopefully，these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.(2015天津，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)這些書籍有望幫助同學(xué)們更好地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解漢語。Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic ru

15、les.(2015江蘇，書面表達(dá))更糟糕的是，有些司機(jī)、騎自行車的人及行人不認(rèn)為遵守交通規(guī)則很重要?！炯磿r(shí)演練】完成句子13.Well try our best to make our country _. 我們將盡全力使我們的國(guó)家越來越美麗。14.Therefore，dont let your children_. 因此，不要讓你的孩子在溫室里成長(zhǎng)。15.He was once again found _. 有人再次發(fā)現(xiàn)他流浪在城市街頭。答案13.more and more beautiful14.grow up in the greenhouse15.wandering along the

16、 city street七、表語表語與其前的系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，用來說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份等?？梢杂米鞅碚Z的有：名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語和從句等。高考佳句Would it be convenient for you if we go to the bookshop this Sunday？(2016全國(guó)，滿分作文)如果這個(gè)星期天我們?nèi)?，你方便嗎？The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.交通問題是一個(gè)難題。(2015江蘇，書面表達(dá))Although the answer seemed

17、 a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.(2015湖北，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)盡管答案有些奇怪，但只有我對(duì)此產(chǎn)生了懷疑?！炯磿r(shí)演練】完成句子16.Several minutes passed but the whole class was_.(2015湖南，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文) 幾分鐘過去了，但是整個(gè)班級(jí)一片寂靜。17.Our aim is _. 我們的目的是幫助他們擺脫困境。答案16.in complete silence17.to help them (to) get out of the trouble八、同位語對(duì)句中某一成分作進(jìn)一步解釋、說明，與該成分在語法上處于

18、同等地位的成分叫做同位語?？梢杂米魍徽Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句等。高考佳句My name is Li Jin，chairman of the Student Union of our school.(2016天津，滿分作文)我的名字叫李津，我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生會(huì)主席。We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival，a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.(2015全國(guó)，滿分作文)我們打算去當(dāng)?shù)匾患揖蠢?/p>

19、院過即將到來的重陽節(jié)，該節(jié)日顯示了我們對(duì)老年人的尊重。【即時(shí)演練】完成句子18.Zhang Ming，_，has won the first prize. 張明，一位來自中國(guó)的中學(xué)生，獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。19.I hold the opinion _. 我認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該幫助他們克服目前的困難。答案18.a middle school student from China19.that we should help them (to) overcome the present difficulty單句跟蹤演練答案1.狀語主語謂語賓語狀語 2.狀語主語謂語賓語 3.主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)狀語 4.主語定語謂語

20、(系動(dòng)詞表語) 5.狀語主語謂語主補(bǔ) 6.主語謂語同位語.完成句子1.Our class _ to make better use of used materials.(2016北京，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文) 我們班提出了更好地利用舊材料的想法。2.Since then，math _，and I have also made rapid progress in it.(2015湖南，滿分作文) 從那時(shí)起，數(shù)學(xué)成了我最喜歡的學(xué)科之一，并且我在數(shù)學(xué)上也取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。3.To learn English well，we should find opportunities _. 為了學(xué)好英語，我們應(yīng)該盡可能多地

21、找聽英語的機(jī)會(huì)。4._，I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence.(2015湖南，滿分作文) 在那一時(shí)刻，我成為全班的焦點(diǎn)，充滿了驕傲和自信。5.I think，good books are _ to students. 我認(rèn)為好書對(duì)學(xué)生非常有價(jià)值。6.These days, _ are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment. 最近，違反交通規(guī)則和亂丟垃圾已是司空見慣，給人們的生活和環(huán)境都帶來了嚴(yán)重的危害。答案1.came up with the idea2.has become one of my favorite subjects3.to hear English spoken as much as possible4.At that moment5.valuable/of great value 6.breaking traffic rules and littering