新概念英語(yǔ)青少版 2A語(yǔ)法大全
《新概念英語(yǔ)青少版 2A語(yǔ)法大全》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《新概念英語(yǔ)青少版 2A語(yǔ)法大全(16頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán),請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流 新概念英語(yǔ)青少版 2A語(yǔ)法大全 .....精品文檔...... 新概念英語(yǔ)青少版2A語(yǔ)法知識(shí)大全 一、助動(dòng)詞?do/does?的用法? 例句: Do?you?want?any?breakfast?,Paul??? How?much?juice?do?you?want??? I?don’t?want?any?coffee,?but?I?want?some?tea?.?這里,我們看這幾個(gè)句子既出現(xiàn)了實(shí)義動(dòng)詞want,又出現(xiàn)了do,仔細(xì)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn):這些句子都是在的幫助下形成的,因此稱這個(gè)do為助動(dòng)詞。
2、? 助動(dòng)詞在句中不能獨(dú)立使用作謂語(yǔ),并通常用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱、第二人稱或者第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)的疑問句和否定句中。? 【第三人稱復(fù)數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。單數(shù)是指一個(gè)人,多于一個(gè)人就為復(fù)數(shù)。We(我們)、You(你們)、They(他們/她們/它們)?分別是?第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱的?復(fù)數(shù)形式?!? 1、將一個(gè)肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí),應(yīng)將do/does放在主語(yǔ)的前面,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原形。? 例句:I/?We?/?You??want?some?yoghurt.?→Do?you?want?any?yoghurt???????? William?wants?some?beer.→
3、Does?William?want?any?beer????????????? ?She?likes?that?one.?→Does?she?like?that?one?? 2、變否定句時(shí)則要在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面加do?not(don’t)或doesn’t。?例句:I?don‘t?want?any?coffee,?but?I?want?some?tea?.? She?doesn‘t?like?that?one.?→Doesn‘t?she?like?that?one?? William?wants?some?beer.→William?doesn‘t?want?any?beer.? 3
4、、變特殊疑問句時(shí),見一、2、D/講解部分及特殊疑問詞部分。?? 二、Can/Must/May等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法? 1、can的具體用法:can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不能在句中單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,也就是說,不管主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱,單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),can都沒有變化。即表示能力,也表示可能性。? 【口訣:can的用法很重要,千變?nèi)f化都知道??隙ㄓ胏an加原形,否定把can變can‘t,疑問can就往前提,原形留在主語(yǔ)后。細(xì)心體會(huì)多練習(xí),保證不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤?!???例如:? 肯定句:Vikki?can?drive?a?car.? 變否定句:Vikki?can’t?d
5、rive?a?car.? 變一般疑問句:Can?Vikki?drive?a?car?? 變特殊疑問句:Who?can?drive?a?car?? 2、must的具體用法:must與can一樣,都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不能在句中單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化.must是―必須‖的意思,表示語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈的命令、意圖等。在否定句和疑問句的用法也與can一樣。? You?must?eat.? Must?you?go?now?? I?can?drink?some?water?,but?I?mustn’t?eat. 3、can‘t與mustn‘t的區(qū)別:? can‘t?意即
6、―不能,不會(huì)‖,?表示不可能、無法;mustn‘t而意為―禁止,不可以‖,表示強(qiáng)烈的建議、意圖和命令等,語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬。? 4、may的具體用法:助詞。? 1)?(表示可能性)可能,也許:She?may?be?a?nurse.?? 2)(表示許可或請(qǐng)求許可)可以:"May?I?come?in?"?"Yes,?please."?? 3) (表示希望、祝愿等)祝,愿:May?you?succeed!?? 4)?(表示目的)(以便)能,(使...)可以?They?try?to?cure?the?disease?so?that?people?may?live?longer.??他們?cè)O(shè)法根治該病以便
7、使人們活得更長(zhǎng)些。? 5)?(用于問句中,表示不確定)會(huì),究竟:?Who?may?the?man?be??這個(gè)人會(huì)是誰呢?? 6)?表示期望)能夠,會(huì):We?hope?she?may?win.?我們希望她會(huì)獲勝。? 三、have/has?got?的用法? 在英語(yǔ)中通常用?have?got代替?have,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),用has?got?代替has,have?got?或has?got可以與前面的主語(yǔ)縮寫為?‘ve?或??s。?? 1)肯定式: We’ve?(We?have?)got?an?English?lesson?today.?? Lucy?and?Tom?have?g
8、ot?two?chairs.? My?parents?have?got?a?big?house.?? You?have?got?everything.?你什么都有了。?? He?has?got?terrible?toothache.?? 2):否定式:?在have?got?中,have?為助動(dòng)詞,在其后加否定詞not,?就可以構(gòu)成否定句。Have/Has?not?got=haven‘t/has?n‘t?got?? 如: They?haven’t?got?computer?lessons?this?week.?? He?hasn’t?got?a?pencil.?? My?moth
9、er?hasn’t?got?much?money.?? ?3)、一般疑問句及回答?:只需將have或has提前到句首即可?;卮饡r(shí)協(xié)助于助動(dòng)詞have或has.?? 如: Have?you?got?a?notebook???---Yes,?I?have./No,?I?haven’t.?? Have?they?got?a?library???---Yes,?they?have./No,?they?haven’t.?? Has?Tom?got?stomach-ache???---Yes,?he?has./No,?he?hasn’t.?? 4)、特殊問句:?只需選用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~,再接正確的
10、一般疑問句即可。? How?many?rulers?have?they?got??? When?have?they?got?this?school??? What?has?he?got????【特別提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have?/has?got的情形?。?? ◆在助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,不能用have?/has?got?。?? He?hasn’t?got?a?computer.(T)?? (F)?He?doesn’t?have?got?a?computer.?? He?doesn‘t?have?a?computer.(T)?? ◆當(dāng)have與動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的名詞構(gòu)
11、成短語(yǔ)時(shí),不能用have?/has?got?。? Have?a?look,?have?a?break,?have?a?drink?? ◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have?/has?got?。??Have?a?good?time,??have?breakfast,??have?lessons??? 四、some與any的用法:? 1、some:一般用于肯定句中,意思是―幾個(gè)、一些、某個(gè)‖,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。? 如:I?have?some?work?to?do?today.?(今天我有些事情要做)??They?will?go?there?some?day.(他們有朝一日
12、會(huì)去那兒)? 2、any:?一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是―任何一些、任何一個(gè)‖,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。? 如: They?didn’t?have?any?friends?here.?? Have?you?got?any?questions?to?ask?(你有問題要問嗎?)? 【注意】◆some?用于疑問句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would?you?like?some?coffee?with?sugar?你要加糖的咖啡嗎???? ◆any?用于肯定句時(shí),意思是―任何的‖。 Come?here?with?any?friend.隨便帶什么朋友來吧。?
13、 測(cè)試: 1、I?must?eat?some?food.變否定句:??????????????????????????? 2、--I?feel?a?bit?hungry.? ??????????--Why?don’t?you?have??????bread?? ?????????A.?any????B.?some?????C.?little????D.?a?????? 五、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞:? 1、可數(shù)名詞:普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的,這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞。? 可數(shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體,如worker,?farmer,?desk,?fact
14、ory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個(gè)整體來看的一群人或一些事物,如people,?family?等)。? ??可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí),用單數(shù)形式;指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下:? 1).?一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s?。 book?→?books???/room?→?rooms????/house?→?houses??/?day?→?days? ?2).?以s,?ss,?ch,?sh,?x?結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es?。如:???bus?→?buses???/glass?→?glasses???/watch?→?watch
15、es???dish?→?dishes???/box?→?boxes? ?3).?以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞,要先將y改為i再加-es。如:???city?→?cities??/body?→?bodies??/factory?→?factories? ?4).?以f?或fe?結(jié)尾的名詞,要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如:? half?→?halves???leaf?→?leaves?knife?→?knives???wife?→?wives? ?5).?特例?[悄悄話:特例常???,要記住。]??? ①?child?→?children? ②?man?→?men?woman?→?wo
16、men?? policeman?→?policemen(規(guī)律:man?→?men) ③?tomato?→?tomatoes????potato?→?potatoes? ??[悄悄話:?初中英語(yǔ)以o?結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只有這兩個(gè)詞加-es,其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍!如:photo?→?photos,radio→radios?]??? ④?foot?→?feet??tooth?→?teeth[悄悄話:?oo變成ee。]??? ⑤?sheep,?Chinese,?Japanese?[悄悄話:?jiǎn)?復(fù)數(shù)同形。]??? ⑥?people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);?people的復(fù)數(shù)形
17、式peoples通常指―多個(gè)民族‖。? 2、不可數(shù)名詞:如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來計(jì)算的,這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。? 不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì), 如meat/?rice/water/milk/orange?等)和抽象名詞(表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念,如work/homework/time/health/friendship等)。? ??1).?不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù),當(dāng)它作句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。?? 如:The?food?is?very?fresh.?食品很新鮮。? ??2).?有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞,有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但他們
18、的意義往往發(fā)生變化。??如:water?(水)?→?waters?(水域)?orange?(橘汁)?→?oranges?(橘子)? ??3).?很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)為不可數(shù),表示種類時(shí)就可數(shù),但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。? ??如:fruit?→?fruits????food?→?foods???????fish?→?fishes??????hair?→?hairs???3、名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)【六注意】???1、不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計(jì)數(shù),也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式。如:some?bread,?a?little?milk等。? ?2、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),前面要用不定冠詞a(an)。
19、?而不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a(an)修飾。表示特指時(shí),均要用定冠詞the。如:??He?is?a?factory?worker.????No?one?can?see?air.? 3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some,?any,?a?lot?of,?lots?of?等來修飾,表示"一些,許多"。如:? ??There?are?some?oranges?on?the?desk.????There?is?a?lot?of?water?in?the?bottle.?? 4、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如:two?apples,?four?books等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞+
20、of"來表示數(shù)量。如:?a?piece?of?paper,?three?pieces?of?paper等。? 5、可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如:This?picture?is?very?beautiful.?? ??不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)"單位詞"時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:? There?are?two?cups?of?tea?on?the?table.? 6、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)提問用how?many;?對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)提問用how?much。如:How?many?apples?are?there?i
21、n?the?box???? How?many?pieces?of?bread?are?there?on?the?plate?? How?much?tea?is?there?in?the?cup??? 六、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞? 1、基數(shù)詞?:表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下:? 1).從1—10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.? 2).從?11—19:?eleven,twelve,?thirteen,?fourteen,?fifteen,?sixteen,?seventeen,eighteen,?nineteen.這里
22、除黑體數(shù)字為特殊形式外,其余都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。?? 3).從?21—99:除twenty,thirty,?forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符―-‖????21?twenty-one,???76?seventy-six?? 4).百位數(shù)??個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加―hundred‖,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and.?如:101?a?hundred?and?one,?????????????? 320?three?hundred
23、?and?twenty,? 648?six?hundred?and?forty-eight。?? 2、序數(shù)詞:是指表示順序的數(shù)詞。其主要形式:?? 1)從第1-19:??其中,one—first,?two—second,?three—third,?five—fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve—?twelfth為特殊形式,其它都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加―th‖構(gòu)成。例如:?six—?sixth,??nineteen—nineteenth.?? 2)從第20-99:?整數(shù)第幾十的形式由基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加―eth‖構(gòu)成。?twenty—t
24、wentieth,??thirty—hirtieth?? 表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符―-‖和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。?thirty-first?第三十一,??fifty-sixth?第五十六?,?seventy-third?第七十三,??ninety-ninth?第九十九?? 3)第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞???由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。?one?hundred?and?twenty-first?第一百二十一,??one?thousand,three?hundred?and?twentieth?第一千三百二十?? (4)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式??主要縮寫形式有。
25、??first—lst,??second—2nd,??third—3rd,??? fourth—4th,??twentieth—20th,?twenty-third——23rd?,??其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。?【注:序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí),通常前面要加定冠詞?the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示―再—‖,―又—‖。?? We'll?go?over?it?a?second?time.???我們得再念第二遍。?】?? 七、表達(dá)天氣和季節(jié):? 1、天氣的表達(dá):英語(yǔ)中通常用it來代替天氣,所以表達(dá)天氣最常用的句型就是:It?is?+?表示
26、天氣的形容詞?+?in?+?月份或季節(jié)等。?如:??Is?it?ever?fine?and?warm?in?England?? 2、針對(duì)天氣的提問通常用What‘s?the?weather?like?…?句型。?如:What’s?the?weather?like?in?July?here??I’s?often?wet?and?hot.? 3、四季的表述:春:?????夏:??????秋???????冬:?????????;四季之前用介詞in,而且不能使用冠詞!??? 如:It’s?often?cold?and?dry?in?winter.? 測(cè)試:想想表示天氣的形容詞:????????
27、?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 八、時(shí)間、日期、年齡和星期的表達(dá)方式:? 1、時(shí)間的表達(dá)方式:? A/整點(diǎn)時(shí)間的表達(dá)方式用―小時(shí)數(shù)+o‘clock‖,?如:six?o’clock.?B/半點(diǎn)的表達(dá)方式用―half?past?+小時(shí)數(shù)‖,half?past?six.?C/整點(diǎn)過一刻或半點(diǎn)之內(nèi)的表達(dá)方式有用:? ―a?quarter(數(shù)字)?past?+?小時(shí)數(shù)‖,如:twenty-six?past?six.?D/整點(diǎn)差一刻或半點(diǎn)之內(nèi)的表達(dá)方式有用:? ―
28、a?quarter(數(shù)字)?to?+?小時(shí)數(shù)‖,如:twenty-six?to?six.?◆與具體鐘點(diǎn)連用用介詞at.?如:at?twenty-six?past?six.? 2、日期的兩種表達(dá)方式:? A/―the?+?序數(shù)詞?+?of?+?月份‖,如:the?first?of?August.?B/―月份?+?the?+?序數(shù)詞‖,如:September?the?fourth.?【注意】? ◆與月份連用的介詞一般是in。如:My?birthday?is?in?April.?◆而在具體的某一天就要用介詞on.?如:I?must?go?at?two?on?Friday.? You?can?
29、come?home?on?the?third?of?February.提問??? ?→????????????????????????????????????????(動(dòng)腦筋哦?。????????????????????? ◆針對(duì)具體幾月幾日提問要用What’s?the?date?…,回答用It?is?+?日期。如:What’s?the?date?today??→It?is?the?ninth?of?January.? 掌握月份:一、二、三…十二月:注意第一個(gè)字母何時(shí)何地要大寫哦!? ?3、年齡的表達(dá)方式:用―數(shù)字?+?years?old‖或直接數(shù)字表達(dá)。?如:Karen?is?42?
30、years?old.?→How?old?is?Karen?????Robert?is?9.?→How?old?is?Robert?? 4、星期幾的表達(dá)方式:It?is?+?星期一(二、三…)。提問用What?day?is?it??如:What?day?is?it?today,?Karen???It‘s?Monday.?掌握星期一(二、三…日):注意第一個(gè)字母何時(shí)何地要大寫哦!?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 九、頻度副詞? 頻度副詞是指表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)的副詞。動(dòng)作有時(shí)發(fā)生,經(jīng)常發(fā)生,還是總是發(fā)生呢?常見
31、頻度副詞按頻率大小排列如下:?? always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(40%)>seldom(20%)>?never(0%)。? 1、頻度副詞在句子中的位臵?◆位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞等之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前。???? 1.?在be動(dòng)詞之后。如:She?is?sometimes?very?busy.???? 2.?在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。如:I?will?never?forget?this?lesson.???? 3.?在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。如:?It?never?snows?in?winter?here. ◆sometimes也可
32、放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:?Sometimes?she?writes?to?me.?=She?writes?to?me?sometimes.??She?writes?to?me?often.??Never?tell?him?the?news.?千萬不要告訴他這消息。? 2、頻度副詞的用法?◆always?頻率最高,表示―一直、總是‖,其反義詞為never。如:The?rich?are?not?always?happy.?有錢的人并不總是快樂的。??Li?Ping?is?always?late?for?school.(變?yōu)榉穸ň洌鶯i?Ping?is
33、?never?late?for?school.(全部否定)?? 【注意】always等與not連用時(shí),表示部分否定。? Li?Ping?is?not?always?late?for?school.?李平上學(xué)不總是遲到。?? 【頻度副詞通常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率。但always與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí),并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而是表示贊嘆、厭煩等情緒。如:He?is?always?thinking?of?others.(贊嘆)?She?is?always?asking?silly?questions.?她總是問些愚蠢的問題。(厭煩)】? ◆usually意為―通?!硎玖?xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀
34、態(tài),很少有例外。如:?We?usually?go?to?school?at?seven?in?the?morning.? My?mother?and?I?usually?go?shopping?on?Sundays.?? ◆Often意為―經(jīng)常,時(shí)?!?,表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),中間有間斷,不如usually那么頻繁。其反義詞是seldom。??如:It?often?rains?here?in?April.??The?boys?often?eat?noodles?and?the?girls?sometimes?eat?them.?? He?writes?to?his?friends?qui
35、te?often.?(often在句尾時(shí)常被very或quite連用)。他常給他的朋友寫信。?? ◆sometimes意為―有時(shí)‖,頻率不及often,表示動(dòng)作偶爾發(fā)生,間斷時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。其位臵比較靈活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:?? Sometimes?we?go?to?the?cinema?and?at?other?times?we?go?for?a?walk.?/I?sometimes?watch?TV?in?the?evening.?/My?father?has?lunch?in?the?factory?sometimes.? ◆seldom意為―很少‖;never意為―從不‖。
36、這兩個(gè)副詞表示否定意義,動(dòng)作幾乎不會(huì)發(fā)生。? 如:?He?seldom?eats?breakfast.?他很少吃早餐。?? ??The?little?girl?seldom?goes?out.?這個(gè)小女孩很少外出。?? ??The?boys?never?eat?chocolate?and?the?girls?seldom?eat?it.?男生從不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。?? [諺語(yǔ)]Better?late?than?never.?遲到(遲做)總比不來(不做)好。?? ◆hardly具有否定意義,表示―幾乎不、簡(jiǎn)直不‖,除非特殊情況,否則不會(huì)發(fā)生。如:?? The?boy?is?so?
37、young?that?he?could?hardly?understand?it.?? ◆對(duì)上述頻度副詞提問時(shí),用how?often。如:?? I?write?to?my?brother?sometimes.?→How?often?do?you?write?to?your?brother??? 十、特殊疑問詞:? 特殊疑問詞是特殊疑問句中必有(開頭第一個(gè))的單詞,回答不同一般疑問句,答法通常有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人名、多少、原因等。記法:特殊疑問詞的開頭一般是Wh,How。常見的特殊疑問詞:? 1、where:哪里(狀語(yǔ))?例:?Where?is?my?blue?shirt???? 2、w
38、hat?:什么??????? 例:?What?are?your?favourite?animals?? ????What?is?the?weather?like?in?July?here??It’s?often?sunny.?◆what?colour:?jiǎn)栴伾ū碚Z(yǔ))??◆what?time:針對(duì)鐘點(diǎn)提問?? ◆what?date/day:針對(duì)幾月幾號(hào)/星期提問???◆what?language:什么語(yǔ)言? ◆what?kind?of:?什么樣的…(對(duì)對(duì)方所詢問的人或物品進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述。)?例:I?like?story?books.?→What?kind?of?books?do?you?l
39、ike?? 3、when:針對(duì)所有表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)提問(回答用At...?On...)????例:My?music?lesson?is?at?half?past?three.?? →What?time?is?your?music?lesson??或者→?When?is?your?music?lesson??You?can?call?me?tomorrow.?? →When?can?I?call?you??(只能用When,而不能用What?time)? 4、which:哪一個(gè),哪個(gè)???? 5、who?:誰?(?回答用He?is...?/She?is...?/They?are...等)
40、??? 6、whom:?誰(賓格)???? 7、whose:誰的?(回答用It?is…?/These/Those?are…等)???? 8、why:?為什么?(回答用Because,問原因)??? 9、How:怎么樣????◆How?many:多少數(shù)量???◆?How?much:多少(不可數(shù)名詞/價(jià)格)?例如:How?much?beer?do?you?want?????◆How?old:幾歲(用于年齡)????◆How?big:多大???????◆How?heavy:多重????◆How?far:多遠(yuǎn)路程???◆How?often:多少次(常用于頻度副詞的提問)???? 十一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)
41、行時(shí)? 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示A、現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)―此時(shí)此刻‖。例如:?He?is?reading?.?They?are?talking?now.?B、當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:?They?are?working?these?days.?C、某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表預(yù)定的計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例 如:?I?am?coming.?總之,此類時(shí)態(tài)一般由look,?listen,?now,??at?this?moment等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志。? 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu):其結(jié)構(gòu)為be+現(xiàn)在分詞.?? 3、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法:?1)、
42、一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing?,例:?jump?2)、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加-ing.?例:?have??write?3)、以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.?? 例:?sit?put???? 4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式變換:都在be上做文章?例:?肯定句:?He?is?buying?a?bike.??????否定句:He?isn’t?buying?a?bike.?疑問句:Is?he?buying?a?bike??? 【特別提醒】盡管現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較簡(jiǎn)單,但在做題過程中也常會(huì)犯一些錯(cuò)誤,常見的錯(cuò)誤有如下幾種:?
43、 1)、??把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯(cuò);?例:◆?They?are?swiming.(swim)?????◆Jenny?is?plaiing(play)football.?答案:?swimming?/playing?【解析】:動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:―一添一去y不變‖.?―一添‖指雙寫規(guī)則;―一去‖指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則;―y不變‖指要與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分開。? 2)、?丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞;? 例:◆?Look,two?children??flying?(fly)?a?kite?in?the?park.?????◆Li?Mingisn’t?read?(?not?rea
44、d)?a?book?in?bed?now.?答案:?are?flying?/isn’t?reading?【解析】:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為:?―be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可‖。這一點(diǎn)必須牢記。? 3)、?對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問時(shí)丟掉doing? ◆The?students?are?singing?in?the?room.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)?????What?are?the?students?in?the?room?? 答案:What?are?the?students?doing?in?the?room??【解析】:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中,對(duì)動(dòng)作提問可記住此句式―What?+be?+主語(yǔ)+doing
45、+其它?‖句式。?? 4)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式?例:孩子們?cè)谂苓€是在跳??Are?the?children?running?or?jump??答案:Are?the?children?running?or?jumping?? 【解析】:?or連接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,動(dòng)詞形式須一致。? 【測(cè)試訓(xùn)練】 一?、單選? 1、?Look!?He?_____their?mother?do?the?housework.? A.?is?helping???B.?are?help???C.?is?help??D.?is??helpping? 2?、?____are?t
46、he?boys?doing???They?are?singing?in?the?room. A?.Who?????????B?.How????????C.What???????D.Where? 3、?Don’t?talk?here.?My?mother?_____.? A.?is?sleeping???B?.are?sleeping??C.?sleeping???D?.sleep? 4?、Danny?______.?Don’t?call?him.? A.?is?writeing???B?.is?writing???C.writing?????D?.writes? 5?、–When_
47、____he_____back??????–?Sorry,?I?don’t?know.? A.?does,come????B.are?coming???C.is?come???D.is?coming? 二?、填空? 1、?It’s?ten?o’clock.?My?mother?_____(lie)in?bed.?2、?What____he?_____(mend)??3、?We?_____(play)games?now.?? 4、?What?____you____(do)?these?days??5、?____he?___(clean)?the?classroom??6、?Who____
48、(sing)in?the?next?room?? 7、The?girl____(like)wearing?a?sweater.?Look!?She?____(wear)a?red?sweater?today.? ?十二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)、真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成有兩種形式:? 1、be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):be動(dòng)詞的形式要隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化:◆肯定句:I?am?……? ????????You/We/They?are……?????????He/She/It?is……?◆否定句:I?am?not?……? ????????You/We/They?ar
49、e?not?(aren’t)……? ????????He/She/It?is?not?(isn’t)…例句:?It’s?not?very?long.?◆一般疑問句:Am?I?……?? ????????????Are??you/we/they……??????????????Is?he/she/it……?? ◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞?+?am?+?I……?? ????????????特殊疑問詞?+?are?+?you/we/they……??????????????特殊疑問詞?+?is?+?he/she/it……?? 2、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):?實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三
50、人稱單數(shù)【第三人稱單數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。單數(shù)是指一個(gè)人,多于一個(gè)人就為復(fù)數(shù)。I(我)、You(你)、He/She/It(他/她/它)?分別是?第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱的單數(shù)形式?!康臅r(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;而當(dāng)其他人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用原形。? 【動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù):動(dòng)詞單三形式變化規(guī)則跟名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則類似,即:大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加s;以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞要變y為i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o結(jié)尾的詞要加es。如:? 1、He?speaks?English?well.? 2、David?plays?basketball?ver
51、y?well.? 3、?My?sister?does?her?homework??first??after?school.?4、The?weather?often?changes?here.】? ◆肯定句:I?/We/You/They?+?動(dòng)詞原形?+??……? ????????He/She/It?+?動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式?+??……? ◆否定句:I?/?We?/?You?/They?+?do?not(don’t)?+?動(dòng)詞原形?+??……?????????He/She/It?+?does?not(doesn’t)?+?動(dòng)詞原形?+??……..?◆一般疑問句:Do?+?I?/We/Yo
52、u/They?+?動(dòng)詞原形?+??…………??????????????Does?+?he/she/it?+?動(dòng)詞原形?+……?? ◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞?+?do??you/we/they?+?動(dòng)詞原形?+……???????特殊疑問詞?+?does??he/she/it?+?動(dòng)詞原形+……?? How?much?juice?do?you?want???? 十三、一般將來時(shí)用法? 1、概述:一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如tomorrow,?next?week,?next?year等。例:? Why?don’t?you?put?the
53、?meat?in?the?fridge???It?will?stay?fresh?for?several?days.? 2、構(gòu)成:一般將來時(shí)由―助動(dòng)詞will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形‖構(gòu)成。will用于第二、三人稱,shall第一人稱。在口語(yǔ)中,will在名詞或代詞后??s寫為'll,will?not簡(jiǎn)縮為won‘t[wount]。但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,各種人稱皆可用will。例:? He?will?help?his?sister?with?her?lessons.?????We?won't?be?free?this?afternoon.? 3、用法:? 1)、表示未來的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài),常與表示
54、將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如tomorrow,?next?Sunday,?soon,?in?a?month,?in?the?future等。?We?shall?leave?for?London?next?Monday.? ?He?will?come?to?see?you?the?day?after?tomorrow.??You?will?be?20?next?year.明年你就二十了。? 2)、表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例:?We?shall?come?and?work?in?this?factory?every?year.? The?students?will?have?five?
55、English?classes?per?week?this?term.? 4、其他表達(dá)方法? 1)―be?going?to+動(dòng)詞原形‖表將來: ?①?這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。?What?are?you?going?to?do?next?Sunday??? They?are?going?to?meet?outside?the?school?gate.? ②?還可表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象,認(rèn)為某事即將發(fā)生、肯定會(huì)發(fā)生或可能出現(xiàn)的情況。? I?think?I'm?going?to?die.?我想我要死了。(現(xiàn)在生命垂危)? Look?at?the?c
56、loud.?It’s?going?to?rain.烏云密布,使我斷定天要下雨)?The?ice?is?going?to?break.冰就要破了。 ③這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示―肯定、預(yù)測(cè),注定會(huì)‖。在這種情況下可以和―think,?hope,?want,?believe,?like‖等表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用。? The?question?is?going?to?be?very?complex.這個(gè)問題將會(huì)很復(fù)雜。?The?voters?aren’t?going?to?like?him.選民們不會(huì)喜歡他的。? ④be?going?to?和will的區(qū)別: A.?will表示說話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)
57、生的事,不含任何具體的時(shí)間,可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來;而be?going?to?指有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生,通常指很快就要發(fā)生的事情。?Listen?to?the?wind.?We?are?going?to?have?a?rough?crossing.聽那風(fēng)聲,我們橫渡時(shí)一定困難很大。? He?will?get?better.他的病會(huì)好的。(即認(rèn)為最終會(huì)恢復(fù)健康,而不是馬上恢復(fù))?He?is?gong?to?get?better.他的病就會(huì)好了。(指有恢復(fù)的跡象)? B.?be?gong?to?和will均可表示意圖,但事先考慮過的意圖用be?going?to,不是事先考慮過的意圖用wil
58、l。? -Why?have?you?torn?the?paper?into?pieces?你怎么把論代撕了? -?I?am?going?to?rewrite?it.(事先考慮,不用will)我要重寫。? -Is?it?really?a?big?stone?? -I?will?help?you?to?move?it.(未經(jīng)事先考慮,不用be?going?to?)? 2)、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示將來:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位臵轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞,如come?,?go?,?leave,?start?,move,?arrive等,還有join,?play,?eat,
59、?work,?return,?take,?wear,?stay,?sleep,?meet等。常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。? I'm?leaving?for?Tibet?on?Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。?He?is?not?coming.他不來了。? They?are?arriving?tomorrow?afternoon.他們明天下午到達(dá)。?3)、?―be?to+動(dòng)詞原形‖表將來:?―be?to+動(dòng)詞原形‖表示約定的、計(jì)劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意見。? There's?to?be?a?slide?show?this?afte
60、rnoon.今天下午要放幻燈。? You?are?to?hand?in?your?papers?by?10?o'clock.?10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。? If?a?man?is?to?succeed,?he?must?work?as?hard?as?he?can.一個(gè)人要想成功,他就必須拼命干。?? 十四、一般過去時(shí):簡(jiǎn)單地說是表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。?一般過去時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu):? 1.?Be?動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài):在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞,?am?is?的過去式為was;?are的過去式為were.構(gòu)成:? 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was?(were)?+表語(yǔ)???????如:I?w
61、as?late?yesterday.? 否定句:主語(yǔ)+was?(were)?+not+表語(yǔ)???如:We?weren't?late?yesterday.???She?wasn't?a?teacher?three?years?ago.? ??疑問句:一般疑問句:Was?(Were)?+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)????如:Were?you?ill?yesterday??? Were?they?once?your?classmates????? ?肯定回答:?Yes,?I?was.?????否定句:?No,?I?wasn't.?特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+?Was?(Were)?+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)??????Who
62、?were?your?best?friends?in?your?primary?school?? 2.?實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài):肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和?does?的過去式?did.?? ?肯定句為:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+賓語(yǔ)????如:I?went?home?at?nine?o'clock?yesterday.?? ???否定句:主語(yǔ)+didn't?+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)??如:I?didn't?go?home?yesterday.?? He?didn't?tell?me?about?you.?? ?疑問句:一般疑問句:Did?+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)? ?
63、如:Did?you?go?home?yesterday???Did?you?study?in?the?school?????肯定回答:?Yes,?I?did.????否定回答:No,?I?didn't.???特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+did?+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+賓語(yǔ)?When?did?you?finish?your?homework?last?night????What?did?you?do?the?day?before?yesterday?? ?3.?助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式如下:? shall―should(將要)用于第一人稱單數(shù)????will―would(將要)用于所有人稱? can―
64、?could(能,會(huì))?may―might(可以)? ?must―must?(必須)?have?to―had?to(不得不)? ?助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)態(tài)要使用他們的過去式,后面的動(dòng)詞還使用原形。?如:?I?had?to?do?my?homework?yesterday.?(昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。)?? ????一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:a?moment?ago(剛才),yesterday?morning,last?night/?week,the?day?before?yesterday(前天),just?now(剛才)等。? ???4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的比
65、較:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)要和現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間相聯(lián)系,而一般過去時(shí)和說話的―現(xiàn)在‖沒有聯(lián)系。? His?father?is?a?film?director.他父親是電影導(dǎo)演?(他現(xiàn)在還是)?? His?father?was?a?film?director.他父親曾是電影導(dǎo)演?(他現(xiàn)在不是)??How?do?you?like?the?novel?你覺得這部小說怎么樣?(還在看小說)??How?did?you?like?the?novel??你覺得這部小說怎么樣?(已看完小說)??5、動(dòng)詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化如下:?? (1)一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加?ed?,如:??work
66、—worked;?play—played;want—?wanted;?act—acted? (2)以不發(fā)音的?e?結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加?d,如:??live—lived;??move—moved;decide—decided;decline—declined;?hope—hoped;?? (3)以輔音字母?+?y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變?yōu)閕?再加ed,:??Studied??tried??copied?cried?carried??emptied?? (4)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加?ed,如:?stopped?begged?dragged?dropped?planned?dotted?dripped?? (5)注:不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。?? go?-?went,make?-?made,get?-?got?,buy?-?bought?,come?-?came?,fly-flew?,is/am-was,are-were?,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,?think-thoug
- 溫馨提示:
1: 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
2: 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
3.本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
5. 裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。