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1、Questions for warming up Was it hard for you to leave home for the first time in your life? Who saw you off at the railway station? Who came to school with you? What did he/she say to you on the way?What do you think is the business of university? What do you expect to learn here?Did you find the un

2、iversity just as you had imagined? In what way was it as you imagined, and in what way wasnt it? Do you have trouble adjusting to life here? What do you think you should do to get the most out of college?ContentsBackground knowledgeText appreciationWord studyText analysisVocabulary & GrammarNaguib M

3、ahfouz Background knowledgeBackground knowledge Nagiub Mahfous was born in 1911 in a suburb of Cairo and was educated at the Secular University in Cairo. Mahfous was the first Arabic-language author awarded the Nobel Prize in literature(1988). He has been described as a Dickens of the Cairo cafs and

4、 the Balzac of Egypt. Background knowledge Nobel Prizes are mainly on physics, chemistry, literature, and peace etc. Nobel PrizeNobel invented TNT. After his death, he left a large amount of wealth. According to his will, many people with great achievements will be awarded with the moneyNaguib Mahfo

5、uz important worksMahfouz began writing when he was 17. His first novel was published in 1939 and ten more were written before the Egyptian Revolution of July 1952, when he stopped writing for several years. One novel was republished in 1953, however, and the appearance of The Cairo Trilogy（三部曲） in

6、1957 made him famous throughout the Arab world as a depictor（描寫者） of traditional urban（城市的） life. The Cairo Trilogy (1957) is a sequence of novels that describes the changes in three generations of a middle-class Cairo familyBackground knowledgeNaguib Mahfouz important worksBackground knowledgeNagui

7、b Mahfouz how he pictures the worldThe picture of the world as it emerges（出現(xiàn)） from the bulk (大量） of Mahfouzs work is very gloomy（暗淡的；陰沉的；令人沮喪的） indeed, though not completely disappointing. It shows that the authors social utopia (烏托邦；理想國）is far from being realized. Mahfouz seems to conceive o f（構(gòu)思；想

8、象） time as a force of oppression. His novels have consistently shown time as the bringer of change, and change as a very painful process, and very often time is not content until it has dealt his heroes the final blow of death. Background knowledgeNaguib Mahfouz how he pictures the world To sum up,

9、in Mahfouzs dark description of the world there are only two bright spots（點(diǎn)）. These consist of mans continuing struggle for equality on the one hand and the promise of scientific progress on the other; meanwhile, life is a tragedy. Background knowledgeBackground knowledge Cairo The capital of Egypt,

10、 lies on the mouth of Nile, which is the biggest city in Africa, also one of the oldest cities in the world. An angle view of the city of CairoBackground knowledgeThe architecture with European styleThe architecture with Arabic styleCairoBackground knowledge哈夫拉金字塔門卡拉金字塔 Cairo胡夫金字塔Background knowledg

11、eThe ancient tombs of the Kingdom of Xixia in China Relevant knowledgeThe pyramids of the east Background knowledgeThe ancient tombs of the Kingdom of Gaogouli in Jian, Jilin Province, China Relevant knowledgeThe pyramids of the east Text Appreciation Half a Day Naguib MahfousText Appreciation Struc

12、ture of the textPart 1 (para. 1- ) about:Part 2 (para. ) about:Part 3 (para. ) about: 7The boys misgivings about school8-16How the boy felt about school.17-20Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.Text Appreciationfor group discussion in class Plot of the story: Setting of t

13、he story: Protagonist v.s. Antagonists: Drama of the story lies in: Writing technique: (Have you ever read a story using the similar technique?) Theme of the story:Text Appreciationfor group discussion in classThe following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which on

14、e do you agree with? Argue with your group partners.q Time and tide wait for no man.q Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change.q Education can never keep up with changes in society.q Life is short and time is precious.q Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously.Text App

15、reciationfor group discussion in classRead the following suggestions made by the father. Which ones do you agree with and which ones not? Have you ever been given some suggestions by your parents when entering the university? List them out.qSchool is a place that makes useful men out of boys.qDont y

16、ou want to be useful like your brothers?qPut a smile on your face and be a good example to others.qBe a man.qToday you truly begin life.q_q_Text Appreciationfor group discussion in class From the description between Para.8 and Para.16, we can see different aspects of school life. Try to list as many

17、 aspects as possible in the following table.positive onesnegative oneslovedisciplineText Appreciationfor group discussion in classIn the last part of the text, the boy walked out of the school to find that the outside world had changed beyond measure. How might he feel about the changes? List exact

18、words that support your choice.He was _ frightened surprised angry puzzled excited satisfied delighted sad indifferent criticalSupporting words startled, Text Appreciationfor after-class thinkingwho, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed

19、 an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind” After reading “Half a Day”, how do you understand the comment on Naguib Mahfouz?Text Appreciationfor after-class thinkingGreat works never fail to reveal the common human experience. After reading the story, do you feel emotionally or spirituall

20、y touched? Why or why not?Word StudyWord Studyband1.a group of musicians a jazz band2.flat, thin material for fastening things together or for placing round an object to strengthen it papers kept together with a rubber band3.group of persons doing sth together under a leader and with a common purpos

21、e a band of robbers Band of Brothersbrand 商標(biāo)；商標(biāo)； 牌子牌子brand-new 嶄新的嶄新的 bandage 繃帶繃帶Word StudyWord Studyconvince convince sb of sth/that make sb feel certainI couldnt him of his mistake.I am convinced of his honesty. a convincing argumentWord StudyWord Studydaze V. make sb feel stupid or unable to thi

22、nk clearly 使茫然使茫然If someone gave you a heavy blow on the head, you would probably feel d.dazzle 使眼花；使目眩使眼花；使目眩dazzlingdazzling sunshineWord StudyWord Studyexertexert on/upon 發(fā)揮；運(yùn)用發(fā)揮；運(yùn)用 exert pressure on sb exert all ones strength/influence to do sth exert oneself: make an effort exert oneself to arr

23、ive earlyWord StudyWord Study intricatecomplexcomplicatedsophisticatedWord StudyWord Studylift:raise sth to a higher level or positionlift articles in a shopshoplift=elevator(America):box-like apparatus in a building for taking peoplke up or down to another floor Word StudyWord Study observe observe

24、 traffic rules observe Christmas observant an observant boy observant of the rulesobservatory 天文臺天文臺Word StudyWord Studyoverlook: 1. have a view of sth from above2.fail to see or notice; pay no attention tooverlook an errorWord StudyWord Studyrank: n. 1.line of people or things 2.position or class o

25、fficers of high ranks v. This song ranks first this week.Word StudyWord Study -volv-, -volut- (旋轉(zhuǎn)） revovle re+volv 使旋轉(zhuǎn)；旋轉(zhuǎn) evolve e(向外）+volv 發(fā)展；演化Word StudyWord Studystartle: give a shock to;cause to move or jumpstartledstartlingWord StudyWord Studyuniform adj. the same; not varying in form, quality,

26、etc. sticks of uniform length n. dress worn by all members of an organization He looks handsome in uniform.Word StudyWord StudyuniverseuniversaluniversallyWord StudyWord Studyvary: be different They vary in price from ten to fifty yuan.varyvariousvariedvariety variationinvariousinvariouslyText analy

27、sis Half a Day Naguib MahfousText analysisI walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. ( )Present participleShowing the manner in which the narrator walkedOther examples from the text:My mother stood at the window watching our progress ( )I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she

28、 would help. ( )“Im not punishing you,” he said, laughing. ( ) The bell rang, announcing the passing of the day and the end of work. () They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. ( )But I wasnt happy as I usually was when I had new clo

29、thes to wear because it was the day I started school.What does “they” refer to?What does the narrator imply by using “to be thrown into school”? Text analysisWhat does the sentence tell us about the boys relations with his parents?Text analysisMy mother stood at the window watching our progress, and

30、 I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. ( )Our slow and difficult movement towards the schoolSometimes, but not oftenA novel (that was) written by Charles DickensPersonal computers (that are) made in ChinaText analysisa street lined with gardens. ( ) a street where there are

31、gardens along both sidesPast participleText Analysis “Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?” ( ) elliptical question & rhetorical questionPlease give more examples.“Why do I have to go to school? I dont think Ive done anything wrong to be punished like this.” elliptical question & rheto

32、rical question A: Headmaster: We want you to go and tell the boys parents the news.B: Teacher: Why me? Father: Well go to Tianjin this weekend.Daughter: What for?/ Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin? Dont you want to be useful like your brothers? Cant you see Im busy? (Dont disturb me!) What good is a pr

33、omise for an unemployed worker? Does nothing ever worry you?Text AnalysisMore examples:Dont you want to be useful like your brother ( )Cant you see Im busy? (Dont disturb me!)Text analysisWhat have I done? ( )Rhetorical question Paraphrase:Text analysisvI did not believe there was really any good to

34、 be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.( )There is no good to be had in doing sth.It is no good/use doing sth.I didnt think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.Text Analysis we could see the courty

35、ard, vast and full of boys and girls.( )vast and full of boys and girls: adjective phrase as an attributive modifier More examples:Theres nothing wrong with the computer.Can you recommend some books easy for freshmen to read?Text Analysis You will find me waiting for you when its time to leave. ( )I

36、ll come to fetch you when school is over. Ill be waiting for you here at the gate.“waiting for you” as object complementfind + obj + v-ingeg.They found the lost child _ in the cave.Text Analysis A lady came along, followed by a group of men. ()followed by a group of men: an adverbial modifier of man

37、nereg. ( combine, give, guide)_ by the teachers, all the students are studying very hard._ enough time, Ill complete the job in time._ with practice, theory may be learned easily.Text Analysis The men began sorting us into ranks. ()The men began arranging us into lines/ rows.Paraphrase:Text analysis

38、We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard.()We were made to stand in different places to form regular lines or shapes in the big courtyard.Paraphrase:Text analysisv from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood.() on one side of the courtyard was a buildin

39、g with a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor where we could be seen.Or from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.Paraphrase:Text analysisvWell, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis.()Well, perhaps my doubt, worry and fear about what

40、school would be like were all groundless.OrWell, it seemed that I was wrong to think that school was a dreadful place.Text Analysis It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around.()What we did at school wasnt just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.all: completelya matter of sth.:

41、a situation that involves sth. Learning is a matter of seeing much, suffering much and studying much. Some people like pop music while others prefer serious music. Its a matter of taste. Wisdom is a matter of knowing when to speak your mind and when to mind your speech.to fool around: to waste time

42、instead of doing sth. that you should be doingParaphrase:Text analysisvIn addition, the time for changing ones mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home.()vThere is no question (of doing): there is no possibilityBesides, it was impossible for us to qu

43、it school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.Paraphrase:Text Analysis Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. ()nothing but: onlyWe would have to do our best and keep working ver

44、y hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like.Or The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.Paraphrase:Text Analysis Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness

45、 that presented themselves.()to present itself/ themselves: (formal) to appear, happenIf there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.Text Analysis How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? ()How did the street come to be covere

46、d with so much rubbish on both sides? Where did they come from? to find ones way: to arrive or get to a placeText Analysis here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks, or making snakes appear from baskets. ()an inverted sentenceConjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tric

47、ks or making snakes appear from baskets.More examples:There are some exceptions to this reaction.Were there no air on the earth, there would be no life on it.In no case should we waste our time.There goes the bell.Away hurried the customers.Text Analysis Then there was a band ., with clowns and weig

48、ht lifters walking in front.()More examples:He stood there with a stick in his hand. (with + n. + prep.)Paul soon fell asleep with the light still burning. (with + n. + participle)She cant go out with all these dishes to wash. (with + n. + to do.)He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (wit

49、h + n. + adv. )phrases to make sb./sth. (out) of sb./sth.Its a place that makes useful men out of boys.(make boys become useful men)eg. The army made a man of him.He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was we were making a mountain out of a molehill.phrases There is no g

50、ood to be had in doing sth. It is no good/use doing sth.There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you dont have enough spare time to use it.Its no good crying over spilt milk.It is worth doing well what is worth doing.phrasesit is no (not much) goodit is no (not any, hardly any, little) useit

51、 is uselessit is not the slightest useit is worth(worthwhile)there is no (no good, no use) There is no denying that women are playing an important role in the world today.+ doing phrases to tear sb. away from a placeto (make sb.) leave a place or a person unwillingly because one has toeg. Cant you t

52、ear yourself away from the TV for dinner?I found the program absolutely fascinating. I couldnt tear myself awayeven to finish an urgent e-mail.phrases to cling to sth.to hold tightly; not release ones grip oneg. The little child clung to his mother for comfort.Some of the victims of the fire climbed

53、 out of the building, clung to the window ledges for a minute or two and then dropped to their death a hundred feet below.She still clings to the belief that her son is alive.phrases burst into (tears, sobs; laughter, a guffaw, song)begin, suddenly and/or violently, to cry, laugh, sing etc.eg. Aunt

54、Annabel, who has been nervous and jumpy lately, suddenly burst into tears.As the comic got into his stride, the audience burst into hoots of laughter.phrases cf.The aircraft turned on its back and burst into flames.The orchards seemed to have burst into blossom overnight.I mentioned the incident lat

55、er to a tailor friend and he burst out laughing/crying. phrases sort people into ranksput . in order; arrangeThey sorted the apples according to size into large ones and small ones.cf.She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and stamps.Its no good standing back and waiting for things to sor

56、t themselves out.phrases to resort toto make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solutioneg.Terrorists resorted to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.These are means we have never resorted to to obtain information.phrases to present oneselfto appear, happeneg

57、.When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it.He was ordered to present himself at the chairmans office at nine oclock next morning.phrases Guess the word meaning They unwrapped their Christmas presents. His wife presented him with a brand-new baby girl. His sudden resignatio

58、n presents us with a tricky situation. The National Theatre is presenting “King Lear” next month. It was unfair to discuss his case if he wasnt present.LESSON ONE HALF A DAYExercises on Vocabularyword study Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions. The change of air is particularly beneficial _ h

59、er health. He is now convinced _ the truth of the report. Please do not be irritated _ his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention. The old woman is unbearably curious _ other peoples business.toofbyaboutWord study prefixes Fill in the blanks with proper words having the required

60、prefix. After class, study such words as much as possible. mis-= wrong(ly), bad(ly), ill(misgiving)1. The irresponsible of a drunken driver resulted in an accident.2. _ never come singly.3. I like your plan in principle; my only_ is that it may take too long to carry out.4. How can we clear up the _

61、 between the two families?misbehaviorMisfortunesmisgivingmisunderstandingWord study prefixes Fill in the blanks with proper words having the required prefix. After class, study such words as much as possible. over- = above, across, beyond(overlook, )1. The fire was completely by daybreak.2. Water fr

62、om the kitchen sink onto the floor.3. Our garden is from the neighbors windows.4. Well, Ill it this time; but dont do it again.overcomeoverflowedoverlookedoverlookWord study prefixes Fill in the blanks with proper words having the required prefix. After class, study such words as much as possible. v

63、ar(i)=diverse, to change (vary, variation, various, variety, .)1. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _ from individual to individual and from face to face.2. The weatherman broadcasts the _ in temperature twice a day.3. The remarkable _ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles

64、Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.varyvariationvarietyFurther discussion: after-class work 1. If you had only half a day left to live, what would you most want to do? List the top five things you would do and give us your reason.2. Suppose the narrator found his home at last. What would happen after that?3. Work in group. Make up your own story of “Half a Day” and perform it.4. Tell your funny first school-day stories.Half a Day Naguib MahfouzYou can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise by his questions. -Naguib MahfouzThe endThe end感謝您的觀看。