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Unit 19 Language 語 言,Ⅰ.重點單詞聚焦 1．The government may fail to meet its t________ of recycling 25% of domestic waste. 答案： target 2．Oxford University and Cambridge University r________ each other in many ways. 答案： resemble,3．Travelling on the train without a ticket is an________(違法行為)． 答案： offence 4．Lately there has been a________(趨勢) towards hiring younger，cheaper employees. 答案： trend 5．To create a________(全國性的) service network is an important task. 答案： nationwide,6．We________(真誠地) thank the customers for supporting and trusting our work! 答案： sincerely 7．The food supplied is not________(足夠的，充分的) for the great need of the local people in Haiti at the moment. 答案： adequate,8．________(祝賀)！You have passed your driving test. 答案： Congratulations 9．As the wages were low，there were few________(求職者) for the job. 答案： applicants 10．While I am away from the company，please do keep me________(通知) of what is happening. 答案： informed,11．I was________(尷尬的) by his comments about my clothes. 答案： embarrassed 12．He gave me________(清楚的) directions on how to get there. 答案： explicit,Ⅱ.重點短語掃描 1． _______________ 母語 2． _______________ 出色；突出 3． _______________ 取得成功；獲得進步 4． _______________ 依靠；依賴 5．_______________ 采取……形式 6． _______________ 調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)…… 7． _______________ 通知某人某事,take the form of,rely on,get ahead,stand out,mother tongue,adjust.to.,inform sb.of sth.,8．______________________ 很值得(做)某事 9． ______________________ 學(xué)會 10． ____________________ 很久，很長時間 11． ____________________ 就某事向某人祝賀 12． ____________________ 故意地 13． ____________________ 不管；不顧 14． ____________________ 另一方面 15． ____________________ 我肯定,be well worth (doing) sth.,catch on,for ages,congratulate sb.on sth.,on purpose,regardless of,on the other hand,I bet,Ⅲ.課文原句突破 1．早在18世紀(jì)就有人預(yù)測英語將會成為世界語言，而這一預(yù)言在最近幾十年中得到了證實。 ________ ________ ________as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 答案： It was predicted,2．這就意味著教師要通過各種不同的媒介確保對學(xué)生有足夠量的語言輸入。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums. 答案： What this means is that,3．足夠量的語言輸入可以以高質(zhì)量的閱讀和聽力材料的形式呈現(xiàn)。 This can________ ________ ________ ________reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 答案： take the form of,4．把你的目標(biāo)告訴朋友，他們也能給予你鼓勵。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________so they can help motivate you as well. 答案： Inform a friend of your targets,5．為了能矢志不渝，你有必要記住為什么在學(xué)英語。 ________ ________ ________，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English. 答案： To stay dedicated,6．人高興時跳起來很容易看到，而眉毛挑起表示懷疑卻不易被人看到。 Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see________a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss. 答案： while,7．第三，你們說我如果提前付費的話就可以打折優(yōu)惠。 Thirdly，you say that there is a discount________ ________I pay in advance. 答案： provided that,8．據(jù)認(rèn)為有將近一百萬升的石油泄漏到海水中。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________almost a million litres of oil into the sea. 答案： It is believed to have leaked,absence n．不存在；缺乏 回歸課本P6：However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. 不管怎樣，在缺乏本族語的環(huán)境下，把英語當(dāng)作外語來學(xué)是很難的。,①In the absence of the manager，Mr Wang will be in charge. 經(jīng)理不在時，由王先生負(fù)責(zé)。 ②He failed in the exam because of his absence of mind. 他因心不在焉而考試不及格。 ③Tom was absent from school because he was ill. 湯姆因病沒去上學(xué)。,1.完成句子 (1)The reason why he__________________(不參加，缺席) his best friend’s birthday party is that he had to look after his sick mother. (2)Mr Wang will be in charge of the office________________(我不在時)． 答案： (1)is absent from (2)during my absence,surround vt.& vi.包圍，圍繞 回歸課本P6：Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.,一些備受推崇的關(guān)于獲取語言的理論相信，要達到一種外語高水平的流利程度和準(zhǔn)確性，你需要置身于這種語言環(huán)境之中。,①As a child，I was surrounded by love and kindness. 幼年時我備受關(guān)愛。 ②She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books. 她坐在地板上，周圍都是書。 ③After being surrounded by the police for several days，the robber had to give in.被警察包圍幾日后，劫匪不得不投降。,④From the top of the hill you can see all the surrounding countryside.從山頂上你可以看到周圍的山村。 ⑤Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人喜歡在愉快的環(huán)境中工作。,2.________by a group of children，the old man was delighted. A．Surrounded B．Surrounding C．To be surrounded D．To be surrounding 解析： 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，the old man和surround之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。動詞不定式一般用來作目的狀語。 答案： A,ensure vt.確保，保證 回歸課本P6：Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing. 高質(zhì)量的輸入信息才能保證學(xué)生高質(zhì)量的語言輸出，不管是說還是寫。,①All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure their safety. 已采取所有必要措施確保他們的安全。 ②Every few years，the coal workers have their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.每隔幾年，當(dāng)?shù)氐拿旱V工人都要進行X光檢查以確保他們的身體健康。,③We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. 我們可以保證把工作做好。 ④This pill will ensure you a good night’s sleep. 這顆藥一定會使你晚上睡個好覺。,3.Careful planning and hard work will________our final success. A．enclose B．ensure C．a(chǎn)ssure D．sure 解析： 句意為：精心規(guī)劃和勤奮工作能確保我們最終成功。enclose表示“把……圍起來”；assure搭配不對；sure為形容詞，不作謂語動詞，所以只有B項正確。 答案： B,guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保；n.保證；保證書；抵押品 回歸課本P6：Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English. 讀前能了解主要新聞內(nèi)容會確保用英語閱讀時更透徹地理解所讀新聞。,①Technology will guarantee good health and happiness for all! 未來的科技將保證所有人都能擁有健康和幸福！ ②We will do our best，but I can’t guarantee that we will win. 我們會盡力，但我不能保證我們會贏。,③This insurance guarantees you against loss in case of fire. 這項保險保證你在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時不受金錢上的損失。 ④Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？你能向我保證工作會按時完成嗎？,4.完成句子 (1)Can you____________________________(保證給我一份工作) when I get there？You know，I have to work in order to pay for my schooling. (2)I can’t____________________________(保證這項方案有效)，but I’ll give it a try. 答案： (1)guarantee me a job (2)guarantee the plan will work,adjust vt.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整；vi.適應(yīng) 回歸課本P6：Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well. 觀看你最喜愛的一張光盤，但要把你熟悉的部分語言調(diào)換成英語。,(1)adjust to適應(yīng) adjust (sth./oneself) to sth.使(某物/某人自己)適應(yīng)某事 (2)adjustable adj.可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的 (3)adjustment n．調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng) make an adjustment作出調(diào)整,①As a teacher，I must adjust my speech to the age of my students. 作為教師，我必須使得我的講課適合于學(xué)生的年齡。 ②She found it hard to adjust herself to working at night. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難適應(yīng)夜間工作。 ③She adjusted herself very quickly to the heat of the country. 她使自己很快適應(yīng)了這個國家炎熱的氣候。,5.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is correctly________to your sight. A．a(chǎn)dapted B．a(chǎn)dopted C．a(chǎn)djusted D．a(chǎn)dded,解析： 四個詞極易混淆，adapt表示“使適應(yīng)”；adopt表示“采用；收養(yǎng)”；add表示“增加”，均不符合語境中的“望遠鏡被調(diào)整好”。只有adjust“調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)”符合句意，故選C。 答案： C,6．完成句子 It took several seconds for his eyes to_________________________(適應(yīng)黑暗)． 答案： adjust to the dark,inform vt.告知，通知 回歸課本P6：Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well. 把你的目標(biāo)告訴朋友，他們也能給予你鼓勵。,①I hope you will write me from time to time and inform me of your progress.我希望你常常寫信給我，把你的進步告訴我。 ②We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. 我們很遺憾地通知你，你的申請未被接受。 ③Please keep me fully informed of any developments. 事態(tài)如有發(fā)展，請向我提供詳情。,7.The president promised to keep all the board members________of how the negotiations were going on. A．informed B．inform C．be informed D．informing,解析： 根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)作為all the board members的賓語補足語出現(xiàn)，根據(jù)句意，inform與all the board members之間應(yīng)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選擇過去分詞。 答案： A,8．完成句子 我已通知他們會議被取消了。 I________________________the meeting has been cancelled. 答案： have informed them that,congratulate vt.祝賀 回歸課本P10：You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well，maybe passing an exam or winning a race. 你可能會認(rèn)為父親在祝賀兒子某事做得好，也許是通過考試或者是贏得比賽。,(1)congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.為某事向某人祝賀 (2)congratulation n．祝賀 Congratulations！恭喜你！ congratulations to sb.on (doing) sth.為某事向某人祝賀,①We congratulated you sincerely on your being accepted by Tsinghua University! 我們真誠祝賀你考入清華大學(xué)！ ②Congratulations on your birthday! 祝你生日快樂！ ③You really should congratulate yourself on avoiding the danger.你真該為自己避險而慶幸。,辨析：congratulate與celebrate (1)congratulate vt.“祝賀”，常表示口頭語言的慶祝，并常用于congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。 (2)celebrate vt.“慶祝”，常指舉行一些活動或儀式來慶祝一些有紀(jì)念意義的事件或時刻，后面直接帶要慶祝的事。 How do people celebrate New Year in your country? 你們國家的人怎樣慶祝新年？,巧學(xué)串記 The villagers were celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival，and congratulating the new leader on coming into power. 村民們當(dāng)時正在慶祝端午節(jié)，同時祝賀新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)執(zhí)政。,9.Congratulations________your success.Your performance reminds me________my school life. A．for；about B．on；for C．on；of D．for；of,解析： 考查短語中的介詞。第一空處是Congratulations to sb.on sth.為某事祝賀某人；第二空處用動詞短語remind sb.of/about sth.。 答案： C,resemble vt.像；與……相似 回歸課本P10：They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. 他們也可能交叉雙臂，走起路來像機器人一樣笨拙，而不像人。,①She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character. 她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。 ②What happens in the film bears little resemblance to what actually happened. 電影里發(fā)生的事和現(xiàn)實生活幾乎沒有相似之處。,10.Soldiers are trained under conditions that closely________real army inspection of PRC on National Day in Beijing. A．similar B．resemble C．like D．compare,解析： 句意為：戰(zhàn)士們正在北京接受訓(xùn)練，其情形與中華人民共和國國慶閱兵十分相似。空格處應(yīng)該使用動詞，所以首先排除A項，C、D兩項不合語意。 答案： B,take the/a form of以……的形式出現(xiàn)(存在) 回歸課本P6：This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 足夠量的語言輸入可以以高質(zhì)量的閱讀和聽力材料的形式呈現(xiàn)。,①The training programmes take the form of a series of performances.培訓(xùn)課程采取一系列的表演形式。 ②The H1N1 flu takes the form of higher fever and sickness for several days. 甲流以高燒并且惡心多日的形式表現(xiàn)出來。 ③Help in the form of money will be very welcome. 以錢的形式資助將十分受歡迎。,11.完成句子 (1)This is a story told________________________(以……的形式呈現(xiàn)) letters. (2)They were both________ ________ ________(精神很好) at dinner. 答案： (1)in the form of (2)in good form,12．John is not________today；he put up a very poor show in that last match. A．in form B．in control C．in order D．in a mess,解析： 句意為：約翰今天競技狀況不佳，在最后那場比賽中打得很不好。in form競技狀況/健康狀況良好；in control在控制中；in order有秩序；in a mess混亂不堪，只有A項符合語義要求。 答案： A,get ahead取得進步；獲得成功；領(lǐng)先 回歸課本P6：In today’s world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead. 在當(dāng)今世界，能夠說不止一種語言，包括英語，就意味著你是多么出色和多么成功。,①Some people get ahead by being lucky. 有些人由于走運而成功。 ②By working hard，he got ahead of the rest of the class. 通過努力學(xué)習(xí)，他超越了班上的其他同學(xué)。,③—I wonder if I can use your bike for a while. 我想知道我能否用一會兒你的自行車。 —Sure，go ahead.行，可以。 ④The time here is nine hours ahead of London. 這里的時間比倫敦早9小時。,13.(2011·福州質(zhì)檢)The person with a good education finds it easier to________. A．get on B．go up C．go ahead D．get ahead 解析： 句意為：受過良好教育的人覺得更容易獲得成功。get on相處，進展；go up上升；go ahead可以，進行；get ahead意為“獲得成功”，符合句意。 答案： D,catch on學(xué)會；理解；變得流行 回歸課本P131：The more you hear different accents，the easier it is to catch on. 你聽的不同的口音越多，你就越容易理解它(的意思)。,①The new dance quickly caught on among the students. 這套新舞蹈很快在學(xué)生中流行了起來。 ②Sometimes I don’t catch on to your jokes. 有時我真的無法理解你的笑話。,③We should praise those students who have later caught up and made progress. 我們應(yīng)該表揚那些后來趕上并取得進步的學(xué)生。 ④I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd. 我突然在人群中看見了她。,14.完成句子 (1)He invented an electric car，but it never really________________(流行起來)． (2)The salesman scolded________________________(偷東西被抓住的小女孩) and let her off. 答案： (1)caught on (2)the girl caught stealing,keep to遵守；遵循，按……行事；堅持(做某事) 回歸課本P9：.we have to keep to the timetable，sir. ……先生，我們必須遵守時間表。 ①He always keeps to his promise. 他總是遵守諾言。,②Once having made a plan，you should keep to it. 一旦制訂了計劃，你就要按計劃行事。 ③Keep to it！You must not stop till the job is finished. 堅持！在工作完成前，你一定不能停下。,15.完成句子 In the sports field，every player should______________________(遵守規(guī)則)． 答案： keep to the rules,This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 足夠量的語言輸入可以以高質(zhì)量的閱讀和聽力材料的形式呈現(xiàn)。 of the highest quality屬“of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常在句中作表語。 ①This question is of importance.＝This question is important. 這個問題很重要。,②Each hour，each minute，each second is of great value for us. ＝Each hour，each minute，each second is very valuable for us. 每小時、每分鐘、每一秒對我們都很寶貴。 ③Mr Smith，my teacher，is of the same opinion. ＝Mr Smith，my teacher，has the same opinion. 史密斯先生，我的老師，也持同樣的觀點。,16.You’ll find this map of great________in helping you to get round London. A．price B．cost C．value D．importance,解析： 此處為“be of＋抽象名詞”句型。句意為：你會發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)你在倫敦旅游時這張地圖大有用處。A、B兩項不合句意，D項為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“重要性”；value為抽象名詞，意為“用處，價值”。 答案： C,Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance. 第三，你們說我如果提前付費的話就可以打折優(yōu)惠。,①Provided that it’s fine tomorrow，I’ll go fishing with you. 如果明天天氣好，我就和你去釣魚。 ②Provided that there is no opposition，we shall hold the meeting here.如果沒有人反對，我們就在這里開會。,③Suppose flights are fully booked on that day—which other day could we go? 假定那天的航班都訂滿了——我們還可以在哪天走呢？ ④Assuming (that) he’s still alive，how old would he be now? 假定他還活著，現(xiàn)在有多大年紀(jì)了？,17.完成句子 You can use my car_______________________________(只要你開車小心)． 答案： provided/providing that you drive carefully,Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss. 人高興時跳起來很容易看到，而眉毛挑起表示懷疑卻不易被人看到。 此句中的while表示兩種不同情況的對比。其用法如下圖所示：,①Jane was dressed in red while Mary was dressed in blue. 簡穿紅衣服而瑪麗穿藍衣服。 ②While I admit that the problems are difficult，I don’t agree they can’t be solved. 雖然我承認(rèn)這些問題很難，但我不同意它們不能解決。,③Could you help me take care of my cat while I’m away? 我不在家時你能幫我照料一下我的貓嗎？ ④There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有水和空氣，就會有生命。,18.(2010·全國卷Ⅰ)Mary made coffee__________her guests were finishing their meal. A．so that B．a(chǎn)lthough C．while D．a(chǎn)s if,解析： 考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)客人快吃完飯的時候，她煮了咖啡”可知C正確。so that以便，為了；although盡管，即使；as if“好似，好像”均不符合題意。 答案： C,19．(2009·遼寧卷)It just isn’t fair________I was working as a waiter last month，my friends were lying on the beach. A．whenever B．though C．for D．While 解析： 考查連詞在具體語境中的辨析。while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”。句意為：上個月當(dāng)我在做服務(wù)員時，我的朋友們躺在沙灘上，我覺得這不公平。 答案： D,Ⅰ.選詞填空 catch on；for ages；rely on；stand out；get ahead；on purpos 1．The Chinese wonderful customs exist________________. 答案： for ages 2．Most of people find it necessary to________________insurance to deal with accidents. 答案： rely on,3．He invented a new game，but it never really________________________________________________________________________. 答案： caught on 4．—Did you break the cup________？ —No.By accident. 答案： on purpose,5．I think you can only________through hard work. 答案： get ahead 6．Yao Ming________in the crowd for his height. 答案： stood out,Ⅱ.完成句子 1．You’d better__________________________(通知學(xué)校辦公室……變化) of your address. 答案： inform the school office of the change. 2．________________________(祝賀Ghana隊的出色表現(xiàn)) of their players，for they are only the third African team to advance into a FIFA World Cup quarter-final. 答案： Congratulate Ghana on the excellence,3．You may keep the book a further week________________________________________________________________________ (只要沒有別人) requires it. 答案： provided that no one else,4．How can we________________(提高我們的可能性) of career development? 答案： improve our chances 5．________________(是否可以) for me to check out at 4∶00 pm? 答案： Would it be possible/Is it all right 6．________________________(簡單地說)，the new proposals mean that an average worker will be about 10% better paid. 答案： To put it simply,Ⅲ.易錯模塊 1．The disc，digitally________in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night. A．recorded B．recording C．to be recorded D．having recorded 解析： 由語境可知，所選項應(yīng)該在句中作定語，且表示被動和完成，故選A。 答案： A,2．Don’t use words，expressions or phrases________only to people with specific knowledge. A．being known B．having being known C．to be known D．known 解析： 這里是過去分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句which are known.，故用過去分詞。 答案： D,3．The Town Hall________in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A．to be completed B．having been completed C．completed D．being completed,解析： 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所選項應(yīng)該在句中作定語，且表示被動和完成，故用過去分詞。B項，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語；A項，不定式表將來；D項，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，均不符合題意。 答案： C,4．“Things________never come again！”I couldn’t help talking to myself. A．lost B．losing C．to lose D．having lost 解析： 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所選項應(yīng)該在句中作定語，排除D；lose與邏輯主語things是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 答案： A,5．Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award，a title________to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A．being given B．is given C．given D．was given,解析： 根據(jù)語境，空格處為定語修飾a title，排除B、D；give與title之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示一般情況，不表示正在進行的動作，故用過去分詞充當(dāng)賓語。 答案： C,Ⅳ.語法專練 本單元語法——名詞性從句 1．(2011·寧夏銀川一中月考)—You see，I’m poor in maths，you are not good at English，and. —That’s________we should help each other. A．when B．where C．how D．what,解析： where引導(dǎo)表語從句。下句意為：這正是我們應(yīng)該互相幫助的地方。其他選項不合題意。 答案： B,2．(2010·江蘇泰興市期中調(diào)研)—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children? —No，that’s________they are mistaken. A．where B．when C．so D．how 解析： 考查表語從句。where引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示那就是她們的錯誤所在。 答案： A,3．(2010·成都第二次診斷)While traveling in Sichuan，you can’t miss________people call “The National Treasure”—Giant Panda. A．that B．it C．what D．Which 解析： 由語法知識可知，本題中的動詞miss后接了一個賓語從句，又由于動詞call后需要接雙賓語，故選用what在該賓語從句中充當(dāng)賓語從句中動詞call的(直接)賓語。 答案： C,4．(2011·西城抽樣)After ten years’absence she came back，only to find her old house was not________it used to be. A．which B．what C．when D．How 解析： 考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，該詞需要引導(dǎo)表語從句并充當(dāng)該表語從句中be動詞的表語，所以用what。what在此相當(dāng)于the house that。 答案： B,5．(2011·東城第一學(xué)期檢測)It makes his life quite different_______a_he has received education abroad. A．that B．which C．what D．how,解析： 考查連詞。it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句作真正的主語，that不可以省略。從句部分主謂賓成分齊全，可以排除B、C；how表方式，不符合語境。 答案： A,練規(guī)范、練技能、練速度,練規(guī)范、練技能、練速度,,課時作業(yè)（三十八）,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,