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BEC中級(jí)口語講義 Part 1 Interview: Sample Scenarios Interlocuter: Good morning. My name is X, and this is my colleague, Y. And your names are A and B? A: Yeah. B: Yeah. I: Thank you. Now, first of all, we’d like to know something about each of you. Ms A, can you tell me a bit about yourself. A. My pleasure. As you know, my name is A. I’m from Jiangsu Province. I’m now studying in OO University. And I’m majoring in international trade there. I: Thank you. Ms A. Now Ms B, can you tell me something about your ambitions? B: Yes, I am now a student with OO University majoring in business administration. I hope I can get my MBA and join a world famous multinational company. And after I have had enough experience, I am going to start a company of my own. I: Thank you, Ms B. And Ms A, could you tell me about your ambitions? A: A big question for me indeed. I’ve never thought about it, but I bet I’ll work towards a CEO of a big multinational corporation. That’s my goal in life. And that’s why I am spending so much time on English, business English in particular.. I: Mr. A, you say you’re spending a lot of time on business English. Do you think business English is difficult to learn? A: Not exactly, though it may be difficult at the initial stage. The thing is that you need to have some business knowledge before you start to learn business English. I: How about you, Ms B? Is it difficult for you? B: Not really. You know, I like English very much, and my major is business administration. So I have always found business English very interesting. * * * * I: Good morning, my name is X, and this is my colleague, Y. And your names are A and B? A: Yeah. B: Yes. I: Thank you. Now, first of all, we’d like to know something about each of you. Miss A, can you tell me something about your work? A: My pleasure. I’m working with APC Inc., which is a US-based company. I have worked there for three years on the international marketing side. I must say that it is a very interesting job. I love my job. I: Thank you, Miss A. Now Miss B, can you tell me about your activities outside college? B: Well, I do a lot of interesting things in my spare time. I often go shopping on weekends， something most of the young ladies like me do that in their spare time. And I have worked part time for several big companies. I think, by doing that, I can have some hands-on experience in business. That’s very important for my future career. I: Thank you, Miss B. And you Miss A, can you tell me about your hometown? A: Hmm…well, my hometown is Nantong. It lies at the mouth of Yangtze River, the longest in China. It has a population of 5 million. There’s quite some places of historical interests there. And the economy there is growing fast in my hometown. The friendly environment has attracted a lot of investment from overseas. I: Miss B, you said you’d worked for several companies on a part time basis. Is there any other reason for you to work there apart from obtaining some work experience? B: Yeah. Obviously I can make some extra money from that. You know, my mother is now retrenched. It’s really not easy for my parents to support me. And I don’t want to be too heavy a burden for them. I: How about you, Miss A? Are you a part time by any chance? A: Oh, yes. But I don’t work for companies. I teach several private students. I think teaching is a very interesting job, especially when I see my students are making progress. And just as Miss B said, money is an important consideration for me. So I teach for entertainment as well as for cash. Other possible questions: Life: What’s your name? Where are you from? Do you think the place you are living in is an ideal place for living? Where do you like to live, in the city or in the countryside? Do you live near here? How did you come here? Work: Where do you work? What kind of work do you like? Who do you work for? What do you like best about your work? What do you think of your present job? What do you think of working at home? Do you like your boss? What kind of boss do you like best? Study: Where do you study? What kind of subjects do you like best? Do you like your school? How do you like exams at school? Hobbies: What do you often go shopping for? Do you like sports? What kind of sports do you like best? Do you think football is more popular in China than before? What are you hobbies? What kind of extracurricular activities do you like best? Why are you interested in golf? * * * * Part 2 Mini-presentation: (1 min preparation, 1 min talk) The structure of a good mini-presentation: I. Introduction: one or two sentences. No need to be very long. There are two ways of starting the question in BEC III “how to…’ and ‘the importance of…’，and BEC II questions always start with ‘what is important when doing something’ So, for ‘how to…’, you can always start with ‘Well, when it comes to xxing…, quite a number of things can be done.’ or ‘ Well, as is known to all, it is very important to…The question is of course – how?’ For ‘ the importance of…’, you can start with ‘Well, in my view, you should not underestimate the importance of …’ or ‘Well, as is known to all, it is very important to…The question is of course – why?’ For BEC II, you can start with ‘Well, when it comes to xxing…, several vital factors must be taken into account. ‘ or ‘Well, as we all know, many factors must be considered when…, the questions is of course – which ones?’ Basically, ‘how to…’ asks about methods, ‘the importance of…’ asks about benefits, and ‘what is important when…’ asks about factors to consider. II. Main body: 1st point + development sentences 2nd point + development sentences (3rd , 4th points + development sentences) …… During the preparation, you should think of at least two points, in the form of key words or key phrases. Then you make a sentence using the each key word or phrase. There are four common ways to construct a development sentence： 1. Explanation of the point : In this way, To put it another way, In other words, That is to say, …so to speak, …let’s say 2. Stating Reasons : As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Therefore, Due to, Thanks to, On account of 3. Giving Examples: Say, For instance, For example, As a good example, By way of example 4. Negative hypothesis : If…not Beginning: First of all, To begin with, For one thing, At the first stage, Initially, The company will begin by… Transition: And, And of course, Then, Besides, On the other hand, But more than that, Not only that, Apart from that, And another thing, On top of that, What’s more, Beyond those, But most importantly, But above all, Last but not least, Once…, Having (done)… III. Recapitulation or Conclusion: one or two sentences. All in all, In short, In a word, In brief, To summarise, To sum up, To recap, In conclusion, On the whole, Altogether, In a nutshell, To cut a long story short You can use the pattern ‘While there are also other considerations in… I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones. ‘ for ‘how to…’ and ‘what is important…’ questions. For ‘the importance of…’, you can use ‘While there are also other arguments why… I believe the reasons mentioned above are the most significant ones. ‘ * * * * Sample Mini-presentations: A. III-1. Career Development: how to fill a key vacancy When it comes to filling a key vacancy, a company will usually follow the same standard procedure. (開題) It will begin by producing an accurate job description of what it would like the successful candidate to do. （要點(diǎn)1，關(guān)鍵詞job description） From this, it can then produce a profile of this ideal candidate, which is a list of skills, experience, attributes and so on. （發(fā)展1， 解釋） Having produced this profile, the company must then decide on the best recruitment method to capture a candidate with this profile. （要點(diǎn)2， 關(guān)鍵詞recruitment method） This might be an internal advertisement or an external advertisement in a newspaper, on the Internet say, even an agency or perhaps a headhunter. （發(fā)展2，例子） Having decided on the best recruitment method, the advertisements are then placed or the headhunter contacted and a list of candidates will be then drawn up to be put through the company’s recruitment processes. （要點(diǎn)3， 關(guān)鍵詞recruitment processes） This might be interviews, psychometric tests or even hand-writing analysis. （發(fā)展3，例子）This will then produce the ideal candidate for the company. The company will then have to negotiate terms with this candidate （要點(diǎn)4， 關(guān)鍵詞negotiate terms） and, hopefully, this will result in terms which are both affordable for the company and attractive enough to get the candidate they want. （發(fā)展4， 解釋） Even though different companies vary somewhat in their efforts to fill open posts, the steps mentioned above are very much the norm rather than the exception in any industry. （結(jié)論） B. III-11. Recruitment: the importance of having a good CV Well, in my opinion, you should never underestimate the importance of having a good CV. (開題) To begin with, in the majority of cases, your CV is the employer’s first impression of you. （要點(diǎn)1，關(guān)鍵詞first impression） Your first chance to impress your potential employer, let’s say. （發(fā)展1， 解釋）As you should remember to your advantage, you’ve got only 30 seconds to leave a positive impression on someone, whether he is a customer or a potential employer. （發(fā)展1， 解釋） But more than that, your CV also showcases your essential skills in order to compete in today’s job market. （要點(diǎn)2， 關(guān)鍵詞skills） In other words, it provides an illustration of your skills to organize, summarize, prioritize and present information effectively, say, as well as your linguistic and communicative abilities. （發(fā)展2， 解釋） But above all, a CV, by its very nature, also indicates how your qualification and experience match your employer’s requirements. （要點(diǎn)3， 關(guān)鍵詞qualification and experience） In this way, your prospective boss will be able to reach a sound decision on your suitability for the position. （發(fā)展3， 解釋） Even though employers these days use a variety of selection techniques, such as analyzing your handwriting or psychometric tests, a good CV is still the single most important part of any application. （結(jié)論） C. II-13. What is important when choosing a new supplier? Prices and discounts, Reputation Well, when it comes to choosing a new supplier, several vital factors must be taken into account. To begin with, I think we must consider the price of goods first. We can compare the prices offered by different suppliers and choose the one which is more reasonable. Because only if we get the supply at lower price can we make profits. Of course, it would be even better if the supplier can offer discounts to regular clients. Another point we should also consider is the location of the supplier. We’d better choose one who is not too far away from us. If the supplier is too far away, that will most likely increase the cost of transportation. Besides, it’s also very important to consider whether the supplier is reliable. We would never choose those who always deliver their goods late or those who can’t ensure the quality of goods. Because late delivery may bring heavy loss to us, and quality is the lifeline of any business. Otherwise we may lose our own clients. So in this aspect, we must not make any concessions, and lower prices cannot be a valid mitigating factor. While there are also other considerations in choosing a supplier, such as reputation, means of payment, after-sales service, I believe the factors mentioned above are the most indispensable ones. D. II-36. What is important when choosing business premises to rent? Location, Length of contract Well, as we all know, many factors must be considered when choosing business premises to rent, the questions is of course – which ones? From my point of view, we should first take the location into consideration. Some companies choose to locate in office blocks downtown; some would like to be near the largest concentrations of their target customers. It depends largely upon the type of the company in question. Companies that provide services must be located within easy access. So they usually choose those places where there is convenient transportation. Another important facet to consider is the size of the premises. Nowadays, more and more large companies prefer an open, spacious working floor which allows colleagues to communicate and interact freely. Of course, a small company would not rent the whole floor. That will be a waste of space and an unnecessary cost burden. Last but not least, the length of contract should not be neglected. A fixed-term contract is legally binding and can only serve to make your situation worse in times of recession. Whenever possible, flexible contract arrangement should be preferred. While there are also other considerations in choosing business premises, such as rent and facilities, I believe the factors mentioned above are the most indispensable ones. E. III-7. Career Development: The importance of acquiring a range of skills throughout your career Well, as is known to all, it is very important for a person to acquire a range of skills in the course of his career. The question is of course – why? When he has a range of skills, first of all, he is obviously more competitive than those who don’t and therefore has better chances of surviving a downturn. To put it another way, companies are likely to retain highly skilled staff members even when mass layoff is inevitable. And that’s not the only benefit. A person with a range of skills is more likely to work his way to the top of the corporate ladder. In most companies, whether or not you have the appropriate skills is a relevant criterion for promotion. On the other hand, it will also be easier for a skilled employee to find a job outside his own company if he is not satisfied with his present job. In this way, acquiring a variety of skills in one’s career offers more professional mobility. So, when all the benefits are taken into account, no wonder acquisition of skills is taken so seriously nowadays. F. III-8. Career Planning: how to assess the career opportunities provided by different types of companies Well, when it comes to assessing different career opportunities, several vital factors must be taken into account. First of all, the type of company should be taken into consideration. Different types of firms have their own benefits and challenges. In a multinational company., say, you can learn international business management and culture, and as an icing on the cake, you may have more opportunities to travel abroad. However, English is the working language in multinationals. You have to be very good at English to work there. So state-owned companies may better suit some people. Salary should be another important consideration. As everyone knows, multinational companies usually offer higher salaries. But if you have just graduated from college, you shouldn’t be too concerned about that. As a new hand, it’s more important to gain more experience through working rather than earn quick money. After salary, we should not ignore other financial rewards in the form of fringe benefits. Some companies offer housing allowance, car allowance, children’s education allowance in addition to salaries. Still others provide staff with free health club and cafeteria. And high tech firms often supplement salaries with stock options. Although there are also other considerations in assessing different career opportunities, such as training, location, and good colleagues, I believe the factors mentioned above are the most indispensable ones. G. III-31. Human Resources: how to select the right staff for promotion Well, as is known to all, it is very important to select the right staff for promotion. The question is of course – how? For one thing, qualification definitely counts a great deal. A good qualification, especially an advanced degree, normally indicates high aptitude and a wide range of knowledge and skills. Even though we often hear clichs like ‘But degrees don’t mean everything’, in the real world, qualification actually means a lot. That said, there ARE certain skills and knowledge, or what we call flair, that come only from long-time hands-on experience. So it is only natural that the next thing to consider should be experience. Only by accumulating enough experience can an employee be totally at ease with his duties. Besides, experience can also tell us about his performance, track record, and leadership potential. Well, last but not least, personality should also be a factor in any staffing decision. Different positions require different personal qualities. The highest virtues for an engineer engaged in R & D, for instance, would be meticulousness and creativity. Yet for a sales manager, being energetic and outgoing is much more important because sales managers have to leave a good first impression upon their clients. But for any position, hard-working people are always welcome. So to recap, qualification, experience and personality are the three promotion criteria that we all need to keep in mind. H. III-62. Product Promotion: how to promote an imported brand With so many people these days making a conscious decision to buy domestic products, the pressure on those companies wishing to promote imported brands is greater than ever before. Initially, a company needs to show how their product is superior to the local equivalents. Maybe it’s better quality; maybe it’s more stylish; maybe it’s better image. Anyway, a company needs to show customers the benefits of being more adventurous in their buying decisions, in order to encourage them to move away from the home brands they currently use. Well, beyond that, if you market a product as something exotic or unusual, say, you’re bound to attract new clients. As you may also have experienced, most people have a strong craving for things novel and unfamiliar. Of course, when the sense of curiosity wears off, such a strategy will usually fall short of expectations. Last but not least, cultural stereotypes are also a powerful selling tool. A cosmetics range associated with French chic, for example, is sure to attract customers. And if people are looking to buy a reliable car, there’s no better label than ‘made in Germany’. These national associations can also be exploited at the point of sale. Playing French music in supermarkets, for example, is proven to improve the sales of French wine. All in all, if you want to successfully promote an imported brand, you need to give your customers a good reason to try something a little bit more exciting than their own home brands. I. III-70. Advertising: the importance of stereotypes in advertising Well, I’m very much convinced that you should never underestimate the importance of stereotypes in advertising. First of all, a stereotype is something enduring and easily identifiable to a whole national group. When an Asian audience see Eiffel Tower in an ad, they instantly conjure up the romantic image of Paris at night. And with that in mind, any product associated with French chic, say, cosmetics, perfume, and fashion, will become an easy sell. As another example, the German Audi designers in white lab coats are obviously obsessed with perfection. And so we can guarantee that any product we buy from them is going to be designed to perfection the moment we see this ad. What’s more, stereotypes can make us feel good about our own value systems or customs. An ad targeted at a British audience might pit a refined Londoner against a brash New Yorker and that’ll give the impression that the product we’re selling is obviously full of taste and discretion. And in this way, stereotypes reinforce the positive qualities in