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1、閱讀理解突破(二) ——事實細節(jié)題 1．事實細節(jié)題的設(shè)問方式 (1)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? (2)What does the writer pay least attention to? (3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. (4)All of the following statements may be true/false except________. (5)Which of the following is not

2、 the result of...? (6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...? (7)Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.../relationship of...? (8)Which of the following maps shows the right way to get to...? (9)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what

3、...is like? 2．解題技巧 細節(jié)題要用定位法,根據(jù)題干的問題,定位于有關(guān)句子、段落,排除錯誤項。主要有： (1)是非判斷題 本類題型通常用原文定位,把選項內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容進行分析對比,然后判斷,作出解答。 (2)年代、數(shù)字題 對前者,根據(jù)文中信息能很容易地確定答案；對后者,首先要弄清題干問的是什么,然后找到與它相關(guān)的年代和數(shù)字,對它們進一步分析、整合,最后,結(jié)合題干計算出正確答案。 (3)排序題 排序題的考查形式是在選項中列出一些具體的事實,然后要求考生對所列舉的事實進行排序。此類試題要求考生根據(jù)動作或事件發(fā)生的時間順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,排出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順

4、序。對此,考生可以采用“首尾定位法”,先找出最早的和最后的一個時間、事件或動作,把它們作為事件發(fā)生的參照點,然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小,從而快速地選出正確答案。 (4)快速尋找信息題 快速尋找信息題一般為功能閱讀題,閱讀材料一般為廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表等。做這種題時沒有必要閱讀全文,比較適宜采用“題干定位法”,即：先閱讀題干,然后根據(jù)問題要求,有針對性地閱讀相關(guān)部分。 (5)圖形題 在有圖形的試題的閱讀理解中,有的圖形出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中,有的出現(xiàn)在選項中。這些圖形不僅增加了試題的直觀性,而且也常常暗含著與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。考生在解答此類試題的時候,一定要把握住圖形中所暗

5、含的信息。 1 A Northern Ireland team is leading a research for a thinking computer which can sense the user’s mood.Researchers at Queen’s University in Belfast hope to complete the 10-million-Euro project on an emotion-sensitive computer within four years. The aim is to enable computers to think and b

6、ehave more like humans.The European-wide project is being coordinated by the university’s School of Psychology and involves 160 researchers from 27 institutions.The university’s researchers developed the proposal and negotiated the contract with the European Commission.The academics said the work wo

7、uld build up on attempts to create “multi-modal interfaces” which allow machines to sense and respond to the moods of the user. Programme coordinator Professor Roddy Cowie said while it sounded like science fiction,computers which responded to human emotion would emerge.“At the moment,our use of co

8、mputers is limited by the fact that we need a keyboard and a screen to access them,” he said.“It would make an enormous difference if we could interact with them by speaking normally—perhaps through a microphone and a transmitter in a ‘Star Trek’ badge.” Emotion is part of normal speech,and experien

9、ce has shown that most users are so deeply uncomfortable with the interfaces used nowadays that ignore it—too uncomfortable to use them very much.“If we can make computers more intuitive (直覺的) and expressive,and also less challenging to use,there is enormous potential to let people make fuller use o

10、f information technology.” The emotion-sensitive computer would have its own “personality” and establish a social relationship with the user.“It’s a fair bet that in 30 years,emotion-sensitive interfaces will be as much part of life as windows and mouse interfaces are now,” said Professor Cowie.The

11、 project team believes such computers would play a major role in teaching and learning. 1．According to the first paragraph,which of the following is NOT true? A．The project aims to create an emotion-sensitive computer. B．The project can create 10 million Euro profits. C．The project is led by a N

12、orthern Ireland team. D．The project is expected to be completed within four years. 答案　B 解析　此題屬于快速尋找信息題。第一段第一句話所表達的意思和C項相同,只不過 文中用了主動形式,而選項用了被動形式。學生誤選應主要是由粗心大意造成的,即把 要求理解成“哪一個是對的”；由第一段第二句話“……希望在四年內(nèi)花費一千萬歐元 研制出……”可知,而不是創(chuàng)造一千萬歐元的利潤,故B項為正確答案。 2．The researchers of the European-wide project are from_

13、_______. A．27 institutions B．the university’s School of Psychology C．the European Commission D．160 universities 答案　　A 解析　此題與上題性質(zhì)相同。文中第二段第二句話說該工程是由女王大學心理學院協(xié)調(diào) 安排,來自27個研究機構(gòu)的160位研究人員參與了這項工作,所以選A；選B 是由于 只注意到了這句話的前半部分,而沒有正確理解整句話的意思；選C 是因為沒有正確 理解第二段第三句話。 3．The best title of this passage is_______

14、_. A．Computers VS Human Emotion B．Search for “Human Computer” C．Microphone & Transmitter D．Computers Will Be More Important 答案　B 解析　主旨大意題。文章主要寫了北愛爾蘭的一個研究小組正在花巨資研究一種會思考 的電腦,其中研究人員提出了這種電腦成為現(xiàn)實的可能性,以及對工程成功后的展望。 所以選項B(尋找人性化電腦)符合原文的意思。 2 (2009·全國Ⅰ,B) Computer programmer David Jones earns ￡35,00

15、0 a year designing new computer games,yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)．Instead,he has been told to wait another two years,until he is 18.The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool,where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job.David’s fi

16、rm releases(推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month. But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money.Even though he earns a lot,he cannot drive a car,take out a mortgage(抵押貸款),or get credit cards.David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago,

17、a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop.“I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,”he said.David spends some of his money on records and clothes,and gives his mother 50 pounds a week.But most of his spa

18、re time is spent working. “Unfortunately,computing was not part of our studies at school,”he said.“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time.I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school.Most people in this business are fairly young,any

19、way.”David added：“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement(退休) is a possibility.You never know when the market might disappear.” 1．In what way is David different from people of his age? A．He often goes out with friends. B．He lives with his mother. C．He has a handsome income.

20、 D．He graduated with six O-levels. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知,他這個年齡的孩子連找工作都很困難而他卻是為沒 法處理這些錢而發(fā)愁,可知他的收入很豐厚。 2．What is one of the problems that David is facing now? A．He is too young to get a credit card. B．He has no time to learn driving. C．He has very little spare time. D．He will soon lose his job

21、. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句可知。 3．Why was David able to get the job in the company? A．He had done well in all his exams. B．He had written some computer programs. C．He was good at playing computer games. D．He had learnt to use computers at school. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句可知D項錯誤。A項和C項文中沒提及。 4．Why d

22、id David decide to leave school and start working? A．He received lots of job offers. B．He was eager to help his mother. C．He lost interest in school studies. D．He wanted to earn his own living. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段可知,他不想再待在學校里,他知道應該做什么。 3 Because of the financial crisis in the US and UK,colle

23、ge students are beginning to struggle to find ways to pay their tuition fees and accommodations. Recently,two major US student loan lenders—Citibank and JPMorgan Chase—announced they were leaving the student loan industry altogether.Because banks currently have a lack of credit(存款額),they are reluct

24、ant to offer students low-interest loans(貸款) that need a several-year wait for any return of interest. In the US,many undergraduates top up their financial needs with a private loan,although the majority can get government-funded loans.In the 2005-2006 academic year,$17 billion in private student l

25、oans was used to finance higher education.The shortfall in private funding has yet to be covered and will hit many US students hard. Across the Atlantic,UK students have been less troubled by the crisis.Most undergraduates in the UK cover their university expenses with government-funded loans and g

26、rants(助學金)．Their biggest concern is a sudden steep increase in student rent. Most young professionals now rent houses,since 80 percent of UK mortgage schemes(住房抵押貸款計劃) have disappeared—a direct result of the credit crisis.This has boosted the house rent market. In large cities,UK students are payi

27、ng almost 6.5 percent more in rent than the previous year.Figures from the UK organization Accommodation for Student show students in big cities such as London paying an average weekly rent of $103. Yet,despite students’ suffering,the number of this year’s university applications is expected to gro

28、w.During economic slumps,people regard further education as a way to survive tough job markets. 1．According to the passage,banks are unwilling to offer students loans because ________. A．the students are poor and sometimes they can’t pay off the debt B．banks prefer lending the money to the young

29、professionals C．banks don’t have enough money left at the present time D．they think college students are not studying hard 答案　C 解析　事實細節(jié)題。文中第二段提到“banks currently have a lack of credit”說明銀行的 存款額不足,故C項正確。 2．The underlined phrase “top up” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．put up B．mak

30、e up C．fill up D．pick up 答案　C 解析　詞義推測題。文中第三段提到學生們除了得到國家的助學貸款外,也可以通過私 人貸款來滿足經(jīng)濟需求,可猜測top up的意思為“給……添滿,盛滿”,故fill up正確。 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．UK college students have to pay more if they want to rent houses. B．More UK students want to further their

31、 study in college. C．It is not so easy for US students to loan money now. D．College students’ tuition fees have risen greatly. 答案　D 解析　事實細節(jié)題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知A、B、C三項都是正確的,D項的內(nèi)容文章中 沒有提及,故選D項。 4．It can be inferred that ________. A．there are no private student loan lenders in the UK B．loans for US colle

32、ge students will be increased next year C．private funding falls a little because of higher-interest loans in the US D．private loans play a very important role in financing US students’ education 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。文中第三段提到很多學生通過私人貸款來滿足自己的經(jīng)濟需求,并 且在2005年到2006年間有170億美元用于學生的私人貸款,說明D項是正確的。 5．The passage

33、mainly tells us ________. A．college students in the US and UK are faced with their financial crisis B．it is the duty of the governments to solve college students’ financial crisis C．private student loan is a good way for college students to overcome the difficulties D．further education is a good way for college students to survive tough job markets 答案　A 解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章主要講述了英美的大學生面臨的經(jīng)濟危機。