馬鈴薯播種機(jī)的性能評(píng)估外文翻譯、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、機(jī)械類中英文翻譯
《馬鈴薯播種機(jī)的性能評(píng)估外文翻譯、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、機(jī)械類中英文翻譯》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《馬鈴薯播種機(jī)的性能評(píng)估外文翻譯、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、機(jī)械類中英文翻譯(13頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
- 1 - of in a . P. 17, 6700 of 0, 48480 5, 32717 005; in 0 006; 006) of is on of by a of is to at by of of It in is is by of To of in of of a to of to of to of A in a to A to to of (a) of is of b) a in a be by at of by of to in a 1. he 1) is to a to to to of At on of in a At a in of of of in a of at et 1996; 2003). of a of of 0%. SA Vs of up 9% (1982; 1983; et 1986), is to or of an of of a at is 附 錄 - 2 - of to of to to in or of a up to it of at of As of 1989), of in (1) is to of 2) is to by a of in 2. of of is an be 2004; et 1995; 1969). In of is by de et 1994), is by of of is a as A on l is w h of in As a as a 00 of in . - 3 - of to of of of to of 2). It to or be to of at is vc is in xc is in m on of or in s -1 rr in m is 錄 - 4 - in m is at a in of a 2) is as rc is in m of of of of is in m of of of a be of on of is (a) to of a b) to of a in s to a ao is on of of is it As is on a it a at 2). A be at a a of it in of v0 in is to of of of yr in m is of 2) of in s is g is is as v0 in of at of to to to be to be in on in a is by L 4(6)) by of of 3). 8 1), by a an of in A G, to of in to - 5 - A a of of a of as to a 000 an to an of of of 00, 400 00 5, 6.7 to be , 2 of A ?00 to of of a of 30 ve In 20 in he as a % of a a is is 100. 附 錄 - 6 - 3. he a s 00, 400 00 20.5 to 4. of is Vs by of on to a A of of as of . of is of a an of s be by of of in It of to be in to of of as in a 00 00 to a on of a at a of 5)] a of of of to at a 00 6, a in in A is a in of 5% to 4. he of at of a to to be to of - 7 - of at to to is of of of on A to in a it is to of as as of in is a by of A in a A in a a by of It is to of to do in a 附 錄 - 8 - 馬鈴薯播種機(jī)的性能評(píng)估 原文來源: H. P. . of in a 5, 006: 35— 41 大多數(shù)馬鈴薯播種機(jī)都是通過勺型輸送鏈對(duì)馬鈴薯種子進(jìn)行輸送和投放。當(dāng)種植精度 只停留在一個(gè)可接受水平的時(shí)候這個(gè)過程的容量就相當(dāng)?shù)汀V饕南拗埔蛩厥牵狠斔蛶У乃俣纫约叭∈砩椎臄?shù)量和位置。假設(shè)出現(xiàn)種植距離的偏差是因?yàn)槠x了統(tǒng)一的種植距離,這主要原因是升運(yùn)鏈?zhǔn)今R鈴薯播種機(jī)的構(gòu)造造成的 . 一個(gè)理論的模型被建立來確定均勻安置的馬鈴薯的原始偏差,這個(gè)模型計(jì)算出兩個(gè)連續(xù)的馬鈴薯觸地的時(shí)間間隔。當(dāng)談到模型的結(jié)論時(shí),提出了兩種假設(shè),一種假設(shè)和鏈條速度有關(guān),另一種假設(shè)和馬鈴薯的形狀有關(guān)。為了驗(yàn)證這兩種假設(shè),特地在實(shí)驗(yàn)室安裝了一個(gè)種植機(jī),同時(shí)安裝一個(gè)高速攝像機(jī)來測量兩個(gè)連續(xù)的馬鈴薯在到達(dá)土壤表層時(shí)的時(shí)間間 隔以及馬鈴薯的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式。 結(jié)果顯示:( a)輸送帶的速度越大,播撒的馬鈴薯越均勻;( b)篩選后的馬鈴薯形狀并不能提高播種精度。 主要的改進(jìn)措施是減少導(dǎo)種管底部的開放時(shí)間,改進(jìn)取薯杯的設(shè)計(jì)以及其相對(duì)于導(dǎo)種管的位置。這將允許杯帶在保持較高的播種精度的同時(shí)有較大的速度變化空間。 升運(yùn)鏈?zhǔn)今R鈴薯種植機(jī)(圖一)是當(dāng)前運(yùn)用最廣泛的馬鈴薯種植機(jī)。每一個(gè)取薯勺裝一塊種薯從種子箱輸送到傳送鏈。這條鏈向上運(yùn)動(dòng)使得種薯離開種子箱到達(dá)上鏈輪, 在這一點(diǎn)上, 馬鈴薯種塊 落在 下一個(gè)取薯勺的背面 ,并局限于金屬導(dǎo)種 管 內(nèi) . 在底部 ,輸送鏈通過下鏈輪獲得足夠的釋放空間使得種薯落入地溝里。 圖一:杯帶式播種機(jī)的主要工作部件:( 1)種子箱;( 2)輸送鏈;( 3)取薯勺;( 4)上鏈輪;( 5)導(dǎo)種管;( 6) 護(hù)種壁 ;( 7)開溝器;( 8)下鏈輪輪;( 9)釋放孔;( 10)地溝。 株距和播種精確度是評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)械性能的兩個(gè)主要參數(shù)。高精確度將直接導(dǎo)致高產(chǎn)以及馬鈴薯收獲時(shí)的統(tǒng)一分級(jí)。在荷蘭的實(shí)地測量株距(未發(fā)表的數(shù)據(jù))變異系數(shù)大約為 20%。美國和加拿大早期的研究顯示,相對(duì)于玉米和甜菜的精密播種,當(dāng)變異系數(shù)高達(dá) 69%時(shí),其播種就精度特別 低。 輸送速度和播種精度顯示出一種逆相關(guān)關(guān)系,因此,目前使用的升運(yùn)鏈?zhǔn)椒N植機(jī)的每條輸送帶 - 9 - 上都裝備了兩排取薯勺而不是一排。雙排的取薯勺可以使輸送速度加倍而且不必增加輸送帶的速度。因此在相同的精度上具有更高的性能是可行的。 該研究的目的是調(diào)查造成勺型帶式種植機(jī)精度低的原因, 并利用這方面的知識(shí)提出建議,并作設(shè)計(jì)上的修改 。例如在輸送帶的速度、取薯杯的形狀和數(shù)量上。 為了便于理解,建立一個(gè)模型去描述馬鈴薯從進(jìn)入導(dǎo)種管到觸及地面這個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程,因此馬鈴薯在地溝的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況就不在考慮之列。由于物理因素對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備的強(qiáng) 烈影響 (1989),通常要將馬鈴薯的形狀考慮進(jìn)模型中。 兩種零假設(shè)被提出來了:( 1)播種精度和輸送帶速度無關(guān);( 2)播種精度和篩選后的種薯形狀(尤其是尺寸)無關(guān)。這兩種假設(shè)都通過了理論模型以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室論證的測試。 播種材料 幾種馬鈴薯種子如圣特、阿玲達(dá)以及麻佛來都已被用于升運(yùn)鏈?zhǔn)讲シN機(jī)測試,因?yàn)樗鼈? 有不同的形狀特征。對(duì)于種薯的處理和輸送來說,種薯塊莖的形狀無疑是一個(gè)很重要的因素。許多形狀特征在結(jié)合尺寸測量的過程中都能被區(qū)分出來。在荷蘭,馬鈴薯的等級(jí)主要是由馬鈴薯的寬度和 高度(最大寬度和最小寬度)來決定的。種薯在播種機(jī)內(nèi)部的整個(gè)輸送過程中,其長度也是一個(gè)不可忽視的因素 。 形狀因子 此處 位: 且 h- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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