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Part Four The English Century Ⅰ. Match the works and the characters. (3 points) 20 A 1. ( ) Tome Jones 2. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield 3. ( ) Robinson Crusoe 4. ( ) Gulliver’s Travels 5. ( ) Pamela 6. ( ) The School for Scandal B a. Friday b. King of Brodingnag c. Sophia d. Mr. B e. William Thornhill f. Charles Surface The key: (1—c, 2—e, 3—a, 4—b, 5—d, 6—f ) Ⅱ. Choose the right answer. 1. In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed his moralizing spirit. A. The Funeral B. The Lying Lover C. The Christian Hero D. The Tender Husband 2. Which is the most popular newspaper published by Steele? A. The Tatler B. The Spectator C. The Theatre D. The English 3. _____ is Addison’s great tragedy. A. A Letter from Italy B. Rosamond C. The Campaign D. Cato 4. Which of the following is not the hero in The Spectator? A. Isaac Bickerstaff B. Mr. Roger C. Captain Sentry D. Andrew Freeport 5. ______ were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authors all through the 18th century. A. Jeremy Taylor’s Holy Living B. Thomas Browne’s Religio Meidic C. Samuel Pepys’s diaries D. Addison’s Spectator essays 6. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____. A. Steele B. Addison C. Pope D. Dryden 7. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____. A. Essay on Criticism B. The Rape of the Lock C. Essay on Man D. The Dunciad 8. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets. A. didactic B. satirical C. philosophical D. dramatic 9. ____ was an intellectual movement in the first half of the 18th century. A. The Enclosure Movement B. The Industrial Revolution C. The Religious Reform D. The Enlightenment 10. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____ readers. A. aristocratic B. middle class C. low class D. intellectual 11. ____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just. A. Steele B. Milton C. Addison D. Pope 12. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ . What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities. A. romanticism B. classicism C. realism D. sentimentalism 13. The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising (unbending) courage. A. drama B. poetry C. essay D. novel 14. In 1704, Jonathan Swift published two works together, ____ and ___, which made him well-known as a satirist. A. A Tale of Tub B. Bickerstaff Almanac C. Gulliver’s Travels D. The Battle of the Books 15. In a series of pamphlets Jonathan Swift denounced the cruel and unjust treatment of Ireland by the English government. One of the most famous is ____. A. Essays on Criticism B. A Modest Proposal C. Gulliver’s Travels D. The Battle of the Books 16. “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” This sentence is said by ____, one of the greatest masters of English prose. A. Alexander Pope B. Henry Fielding C. Jonathan Swift D. Daniel Defoe 17. _____’s best-known pamphlet was The Trueborn Englishman—A Satire, which contained a caustic exposure of the aristocracy and the tyranny of the church. A. Alexander Pope B. Henry Fielding C. Jonathan Swift D. Daniel Defoe 18. Henry Fielding’s first novel ____ was written in connection with Pamela of Samuel Richardson. But after the first 10 chapters, Henry Fielding became so interested and absorbed in his own hovel as to forget his original plan of ridiculing Pamela. A. Tom Jones B. Joseph Andrews C. Jonathan Wild D. Amelia 19. ____ the first important work by Tobias Smollett, is based on his own experience as a naval doctor and in part autobiographical. A. Roderick Random B. Humphry Clinker C. Peregrine Pickle D. A Sentimental Journey 20. From the character Mr. Malaprop, in ___ by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, is derived the term “malapropism” which means a ridiculous misusage of big words. A. The Rivals B. The School for Scandal C. The Beggar’s Opera D. The London Merchant 21. Which of the following periodicals is edited by Samuel Johnson? _____. A. The Review B. The Tatler C. The Rambler D. The Bee 22. Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith? ____. A. The Traveller B. The Deserted Village C. The Vicar of Wakefield D. The School for Scandal 23. Which of the following works is written by Edward Gibbon?______. A. The School for Scandal B. She Stoops to Conquer C. The Good-natured Man D. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 24. The sentence of “The plowman homeward plods his weary way, /And leaves the world to darkness and to me” is written by ____. A. William Cowper B. George Crabbe C. Thomas Gray D. William Blake 25. ______ is not written by William Blake. A. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell B. Songs of Experience C. Auld Lang Syne D. Poetical Sketches 26. “In seed time learn, in harvest teach, in winter enjoy.” This proverb is cited from William Blake’s _____. A. Songs of Experience B. Songs of Innocence C. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell D. Poetical Sketches 27. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, ______, which were satirized by Jonathan Swift in his Gulliver’s Travels. A. the Whigs and the Tories B. the senate and the House of Representatives C. The upper House and lower House D. the House of Lords and the House of Commons 28. ____ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Edward Young and Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Lawrence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith. A. Pre-romanticism B. Romanticism C. Sentimentalism D. Naturalism 29. _____ compiled the A Dictionary of the English Language which became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries. A. Ben Johnson B. Samuel Johnson C. Alexander Pope D. John Dryden 30. Which of the following novels is not epistolary (written in letter form) novels? A. Clarissa Harlowe B. Pamela C. Sir Charles Grandison D. Tomes Jones 31. Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare? A. She Stoops to Conquer B. The Rivals C. The School for Scandal D. The Conscious Lovers Key to the multiple choices: 1-5 CADAD 6-10 CBCDB 11-15 DDDDB 16-20 CDBAA 21-25 CDDCC 26-31 CACBDC Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks. 1. The essays in Steele’s The Tatler were written in the form of ______ style. 2. Steele’s appeal was made to the ____classes. 3. The purpose of Addison and Steele’s ideas expressed in The Spectator is ______. 4. _____ is the most striking feature in The Spectator. 5. Addison and Steele developed the form of letter writing to the verge of the _____ novel. 6. Humor, intimacy and elegance shown in The Tatler and The Spectator essays have become the striking features of the English _____. 7. Essay on Criticism is a ______poem. 8. The Dunciad is ______a poem. 9. English enlighteners believed in the _____. 10. English enlighteners believed that social problems could be dealt with by ____. 11. Blake attacks religious ______in the poem, A Little Boy Lost. 12. Burns’s poems like The Jolly Beggars are characterized by humor and _____. 13. Sheridan’s The School for Scandal has been called a great comedy of _____, giving a brilliant portrayal and a biting satire of English high society. 14. Sameul Johnson’s ______ also marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support. 15. Samuel Richardson’s first novel, Pamela, is the first _____novel in English literature. 16. Tobias Smollett, a good humorist, used the form of _____ novel. His humor is better shown in Humphrey Clinker than anywhere else. 17. In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human _____. 18. Fielding thought that the stage should be the school of _____. 19. The chapter of “On Hats” in Fielding’s Jonathan Wild is full of satire and ______. 20. Laurence Sterne belonged to the school of those writers who were versed in the “knowledge of _____.” Key to the blanks: 1. conversational 2. middle 3. social reform 4. Character sketch 5. epistolary 6. familiar essay 7. didactic 8. satirical 9. power of reason 10. human intelligence 11. persecution 12. lightheartedness 13. manner 14. A Dictionary of English Language 15. epistolary 16. picaresque 17. labor 18. morality 19. symbolism 20. Heart Ⅳ. Say true or false. 1. Addison’s The Spectator was published three times a week, having one essay for each issue. 2. Addison’s chief contribution to literature lies in his essays written for The Tatler and The Spectator. 3. The essays published in The Tatler deal with the current topics of the time which treated in a serious manner. 4. The character sketches in The Spectator are the forerunner of the English novel. 5. Steele’s translations of Humor’s works are done in heroic couplet. 6. Isaac Bickerstaff is the major character of The Spectator. 7. The 18th century was an age of poetry. A group of excellent prose writers, such as Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, were produced. 8. Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. The main characters in the novels were no longer common people, but the kings and nobles. 9. The 19th century produced the first English novelists, who fall into two groups: the sentimentalist novelists and the realist novelist. 10. In the poems of Edward Young and Thomas Gray, sentimentalism found its fine expression. 11. A Tale of a Tub is mainly an attack on pedantry in the literary world of the time, in which the reader is told the story of the Bee and the Spider. 12. Tobias Smollett gives a true picture of the evils in the British navy in the novel of Roderick Random, in which Random, like Smollett, is a Scot and a doctor. 13. The two most important of all Samuel Johnson’s literary works are the preface and comments of individual plays in his edition of Shakespeare, and his Lives of Poets, which pass judgment on a century of English poetry. 14. Classicism turned to the countryside for its material, so is in striking contrast to sentimentalism, which had confined itself to the clubs and drawing-rooms, and to the social and political life of London. 15. Robert Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the English dialect on a variety of subjects. 16. In The School for Scandal, Sheridan contrasts two brothers, Joseph Surface and Charles Surface. 17. My Heart’s in the Highlands is one of the best known poems written by Robert Burns in which he pored his unshakable love for his homeland. 18. Racial discrimination is expressed in Blake’s “The Little Black”. 19. Many of Goldsmith’s poems were put to music. 20. Pre-romanticism is ushered by Burns and Blake and represented by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton. Key to the True/False statements: 1. F (one time a day) 2. T 3. F (light and pleasant manner) 4. T 5. F(Pope’s ) 6. F (The Tatler) 7. F (prose) 8. F (nobles; common people) 9. F (18th ) 10. T 11. F ( The Battle of the Books) 12. T 13. T 14. F ( Sentimentalism; classicism) 15. F ( Scottish) 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F (Burns’s) 20. F ( Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton; Burns and Blake) Ⅴ. Questions 1. Comment on the English classicists in the 18th century. 2. Comment on The Spectator.