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,Revision,,概念:,主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。,主謂一致三原則,語法一致原則：,指主語和謂語在單復數(shù)形式上的一致關系。主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式.,Tomisagoodstudent.Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.,,意義一致原則：,指謂語動詞的單,復數(shù)要取決于主語所表達的概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標記.指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,,Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.,就近一致原則：,指當主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致.,Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.,Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.,提示：一般說來,究竟何時采用何種原則,應視英語習慣用法而定.但在實際使用中,如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時,遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法.,,,名詞作主語,1.單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。,ThedeskisTom’s.,Somewaterisinthebottle.,Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.,,2.某些集體名詞，如family,team,club，class，public，group等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。,Hisfamilyisahappyone.,ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.,3.某些集體名詞，如people,police,clothes等，只當復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。,Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.,4.單、復數(shù)同形的名詞如sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese主語時，謂語動詞應根據(jù)意義決定單、復數(shù)。,Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.,5.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。,Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.,常見的省略名詞有：thebaker’s（面包房）,thebarber’s（理發(fā)店）,theZhang’s（張家）等。,注:the＋姓氏名詞的復數(shù)形式則表示一家人。,TheGreensarehavingbreakfastnow.,6.表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。,Thepantsaremine.Myglassesareonthetable.,但如果主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。,Apairofshoeswasunderthedesk.Twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk.,7．當表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志，及組織機構等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.,8．news，maths，physics，politics等詞貌似復數(shù)，實為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù).,Nonewsisgoodnews.Mathsisverypopularinourclass,連接詞連接的名詞作主語,1．用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。,Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.,注：A：并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復數(shù)。這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構形式：a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個人或物；a.+n.+and+a.+n.，指兩個人或物。,Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.,B：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each,every,等修飾時，結(jié)構是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。,Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.,2．當主語后面跟有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)由前面的主語而定。,(1)Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.(2)Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt(3)Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball(4)Thestudents,includingtheirteacher,aregoingtothebraveman.(5)NobodyexceptMr.LiandMrs.Lilikessoprts.(6)Mr.Libesideshissonslikessports.,,,3．以either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據(jù)就近一致的原則。,Eitheryouorheistogo.Notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere.,4.Therebe結(jié)構，依據(jù)就近一致原則。,Thereisabook,twopensonthedesk.Therearetwopens,abookinthedesk.,,代詞作主語,1．名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。,Ours(OurParty)isagreatparty.Yourshoesareblack,andmine(=myshoes)arebrown.,2．關系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。,Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.,3．疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?,,(1)Herearetwonovels.OneiswritteninEnglish.TheotherisinChinese.(2)Iseveryoneheretoday.(3)Somethingiswrongwithhim.(4)Noneofthemhasseenthefilm.(5)Eitheroftheboysisready.(6)Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect.(7)Eachofthepenscoststhreedollars.(8)Nobodywasin.,4．不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing,either,neither,each,theother,another作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,分數(shù)和量詞作主語,1．由“alotof,lotsof，plentyof,allof,mostof,someof,halfof,(a)partof,restof”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致.,(1)Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Lotsofstudentsarewaitingoutside.(2)Allofthefoodisready.Alloftheworkersareworking.(3)Partoftheworkhasbeendonebyus.Partofthestudentshavegone.,2．表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后，名詞要用復數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.,3．表示時間，價格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。,(1)Twomonthsisalongholiday.(2)Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.(3)Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.(4)Fiveminusfourisone.(5)TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.,4．分數(shù)(百分數(shù))+of+名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。,Tenpercentoftheappleswerebad.,注意:population一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復數(shù)。,ThepopulationofChinais13.6billionand70%ofthepopulationarepeasants,5．a(chǎn)numberof后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動詞用復數(shù)形式；但thenumberof后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，其謂語用單數(shù)。,ThenumberoftheteachersinNo.2MiddleSchoolisover100.anumberofthemareyoung.,,,名詞化的形容詞作主語,如果主語由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構擔任表示一類人或物時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有：thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb.,Therichoftenhelpthepoor.,,,從句，動詞不定式，動名詞作主語,1．由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。,Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.,2．動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,ToseeistobelieveDoingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.,2．在定語從句中主語是關系代詞who,that,which,謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)一致。,注意：在“oneof+復數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復數(shù)取決于one前是否有the(only)、thevery。如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如沒有theonly，就用復數(shù)形式。,(1)Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.(2)Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslateforschool.,PRACTICE,1：Eachofthestudents______adictionary.A.haveB.isC.areD.has2：Howtimeflies!Tenyears______passed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are3.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother____totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone4：Look!There______playingwiththetouristsonDaheSquareA.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeersC.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers,D,B,D,A,5：TheSmiths____sendinge-mails____letters.becauseitisfaster.A.prefer,towritingB.prefer，towriteC.prefers，towritingD.prefers，towrite6：EveryoneexceptBillandJim____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.wasB.isC.areD.were7：EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.areD.was8.TheOlympicGames______heldevery______years.A.is，fourB.are，fourC.is，fiveD.are，five,A,A,B,B,9.Look,herecomesome_______.A.dogB.horseC.deerD.cow10.ItisnotJ.K.Rowlingbutherworksthat___usexcited.A.makesB.ismadeC.makeD.aremade11.Eachmanandeachwoman_____askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout.A.isB.wasC.areD.were12.About60percentofthestudents____fromthesouth;therestofthem___fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are13.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson___quiteeasy.A.isB.wasC.areD.were,C,C,B,D,B,14.--WhenareyougoingtoKummingforyourholidays?Ihaven’tdecided.___thisSunday___nextSundayisOK.A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso15.____Helen_____JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.AandB16.Thepaperforbooksandnewpapers___madeofwood.A.areB.isC.hasD.have17._______ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each,B,D,B,D,18.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI______goodatpainting.Bothofus______goodpainters.A.are...areB.am...areC.is...isD.are...is19.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees____beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has20.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is,B,C,B,,21.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was22.Whathe’dlike_____adigitalwatch.Whathe’dlike_____textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is23.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome24.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is,A,C,B,B,25.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are26.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were27.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut_____ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all28.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_____notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_____notbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;have,C,B,C,A,,29.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_____burntlastnight.A.isB.areC.wereD.was30.Twohundredandfiftypounds____toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A.isB.areC.wereD.be31.What____thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is,D,A,A,32.What___thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is33.Mostofthehouses_______thisyear.A.hasbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt34.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_____burntlastnight.A.isB.areC.wereD.was,A,D,D,,Terrific!!!Congratulations!,TheEnd,